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Author  |
Gao, F.; Harz, J.; Hati, C.; Lu, Y.; Oldengott, I.M.; White, G. |
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Title |
Sphaleron freeze-in baryogenesis with gravitational waves from the QCD transition |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2025 |
Publication |
Physics Letters B |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Lett. B |
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Volume |
869 |
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Pages |
139849 - 6pp |
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Keywords |
Sphalerons; Lepton asymmetry; Cosmic QCD transition; Gravitational waves |
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Abstract |
A large primordial lepton asymmetry can generate the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe (BAU) through nonrestoration of electroweak symmetry at a high temperature, suppressing the sphaleron rate (“sphaleron freeze-in”). Such an asymmetry can lead to a first-order cosmic QCD transition with an observable gravitational wave (GW) signal. With next-to-leading order dimensional reduction and the exact 1-loop fluctuation determinant, we find the required lepton asymmetry to be an order of magnitude smaller than previous estimates. We apply a new and improved QCD equation of state reconciling the lattice and functional QCD results, to identify the range of lepton flavor asymmetries inducing a first-order cosmic QCD transition. Consistency with the observational constraints on the lepton asymmetries from the CMB and BBN requires an entropy dilution by a factor of O(10) for the correct BAU, while the first-order QCD transition can itself occur without the need for any entropy dilution. We show that the sphaleron freeze-in paradigm can potentially be probed by future GW experiments like μAres, if the bubble wall velocity of the QCD transition is large. |
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Address |
[Gao, Fei] Beijing Inst Technol, Sch Phys, 5 Zhongguancun South St, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China, Email: fei.gao@bit.edu.cn; |
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Publisher |
Elsevier |
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Language |
English |
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Original Title |
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Series Volume |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0370-2693 |
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Notes |
WOS:001571429100001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
6846 |
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