Abstract: A key question in cosmology is whether massive neutrinos exist on cosmic scales. Current cosmological observations have severely compressed the viable range for neutrino masses and even prefer phenomenologically an effective negative mass. This poses a great challenge to the cosmological search for neutrinos. Based on current background and large scale structure data, taking a full red-shift and/or scale tomography method, we obtain one beyond 5 sigma , two 3 sigma , and two 2 sigma evidences of massive neutrinos, spanning both high and low red-shifts, as well as both small and intermediate scales. Specifically, for the case of red-shift tomography, we find the neutrino mass sum Sigma m nu 1=1.01-0.58+0.47 eV in z is an element of[0,1] using the data combination of CMB, BAO, and supernova, indicating a 2 sigma clue of nonzero neutrino mass, while the addition of WiggleZ galaxy power spectrum leads to Sigma m nu 1=0.65 +/- 0.25 eV, implying a 3 sigma evidence of massive neutrinos. For the case of scale tomography, we give Sigma m nu k1=0.75-0.27+0.20 eV in k is an element of[10-1,+infinity) h Mpc -1 using the combination of CMB and WiggleZ observations, revealing a beyond 5 sigma evidence of massive neutrinos at small scales, while combining CMB with DESY1 galaxy clustering, cosmic shear and galaxy-galaxy lensing data provides Sigma m nu k2=0.55 +/- 0.27 eV in k is an element of[10-2,10-1] h Mpc -1 , giving a 2 sigma hint at intermediate scales. For the case of red-shift and scale tomography, we obtain Sigma m nu 52=0.63-0.24+0.20 eV when z is an element of[100,1100] and k is an element of[10-2,10-1] h Mpc -1 , suggesting a similar to 3 sigma evidence of massive neutrinos. Interestingly, these five signals of nonzero neutrino masses are well consistent within 1 sigma confidence level, indicating a possible suppression of neutrino mass during the evolution of the universe. Using cosmic microwave background observations to constrain a red-shift and scale dependent neutrino mass, we make the first neutrino mass map through the cosmic history and full scales for future high-precision search. Our results could help understand the role massive neutrinos played in the evolution of the universe.

Abstract: The first search for the lepton-flavor violating decays B+ -> pi(+) mu(+/-) e(-/+) in proton-proton collisions is presented, using data collected by the LHCb experiment between 2011 and 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb(-1). No significant signal is observed and an upper limit on the branching fraction is set at B(B+ -> pi(+) mu(+/-) e(-/+)) < 1.8 x 10(-9) at the 90% confidence level, 2 orders of magnitude more restrictive than the most stringent upper limit to date. This is the first constraint on lepton-flavor violating b -> d quark transitions at the LHC and also sets the most stringent upper limits to date on b -> d mu(+/-)e(-/+) transitions. Limits on left-handed and scalar scenarios beyond the standard model are also reported.

Abstract: Background: The nuclear structure in the region southwest of the doubly magic 208 208Pb is important to benchmark theoretical models relevant for neutron-rich heavy element formation and for the origin of the A approximate to 195 peak in the mass abundance distribution. Although neutron-rich Pb, Tl, and Hg (Z = 80-82) isotopes are relatively well studied, experimental data for neutron-rich Au isotopes (Z = 79) remain largely limited due to experimental challenges. Purpose: The purpose of this work is to investigate the evolution of the high-spin structure in neutron-rich Au isotopes near the N = 126 shell closure and to characterize the underlying shell-model configurations, with a particular focus on the roles of the high-j unique-parity pi pi h pi h11 pi h11/ pi h11/2 and v vi vi13 vi13/ vi13/2 orbitals. Methods: Neutron-rich 195-202Au isotopes were produced using multinucleon transfer reactions of 198 198Pt( 198Pt(136 198Pt(136Xe, x xI) y yAu at a beam energy of 7 MeV/nucleon. Prompt and delayed gamma-ray spectroscopy of isotopically identified reaction products was performed with a unique experimental setup combining the VAMOS + + large acceptance magnetic spectrometer, the AGATA high-purity germanium gamma-ray tracking array, and the CATLIFE detection system. Results: In even-A 196,198,200,202Au isotopes, prompt gamma-ray transitions built on the 12-isomer have been observed for the first time. The odd-J band built on the 11-state vanishes for A 196. In odd-A 195,197,199,201Au isotopes, new prompt and delayed gamma-ray transitions above the 11/2-isomer were identified, confirming and extending the known level schemes. New isomeric states assigned to (25/2+) have been established in 199 199Au and 201 201Au. The minima in the excitation energies of the bands as a function of N built on the 11/2-and 12-isomers occur at 198 198Au (N = 119), showing a dip against an otherwise smooth evolution. Conclusions: Large-scale shell-model calculations based on the Kuo-Herling hole effective interaction show an overall good agreement with experimental level schemes. However, the present calculations do not reproduce the minima in excitation energies at N = 119 observed in both Au and Hg isotopes. A systematic analysis of pi pi h pi h11 pi h11/ pi h11/2 and nu nu i nu i13 nu i13/ nu i13/2 hole occupancies, together with spin contributions of protons and neutrons, sheds light on the role of these high-j unique-parity orbitals in the generation of high-spin states. Part of the results of this work have been reported in another publication