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Egea, F.J. et al; Gadea, A.; Barrientos, D.; Huyuk, T. |
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Title |
Design and Test of a High-Speed Flash ADC Mezzanine Card for High-Resolution and Timing Performance in Nuclear Structure Experiments |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. |
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Volume |
60 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages  |
3526-3531 |
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This work describes new electronics for the EX-OGAM2 (HP-Ge detector array) and NEDA (BC501A-based neutron detector array). A new digitizing card with high resolution has been designed for gamma-ray and neutron spectroscopy experiments. The higher bandwidth requirement of the NEDA signals, together with the necessity for accuracy, require a high sampling rate in order to preserve the shape for real-time Pulse Shape Analysis (PSA). The PSA is of paramount importance for the NEDA to discriminate between neutrons and gamma-ray signals. Both high resolution and high speed parameters are often difficult to achieve in a single electronic unit. These constraints, together with the need to build new digitizing electronics to improve performance and flexibility of signal analysis in nuclear physics experiments, led to the development a new FADC mezzanine card. In this work, the design and development are described, including the characterization procedure and the preliminary measurement results. |
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0018-9499 |
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WOS:000325827700015 |
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no |
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yes |
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yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
1613 |
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Barrientos, D.; Gonzalez, V.; Bellato, M.; Gadea, A.; Bazzacco, D.; Blasco, J.M.; Bortolato, D.; Egea, F.J.; Isocrate, R.; Pullia, A.; Rampazzo, G.; Sanchis, E.; Triossi, A. |
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Title |
Multiple Register Synchronization With a High-Speed Serial Link Using the Aurora Protocol |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. |
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Volume |
60 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
3521-3525 |
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Abstract |
In this work, the development and characterization of a multiple synchronous registers interface communicating with a high-speed serial link and using the Aurora protocol is presented. A detailed description of the developing process and the characterization methods and hardware test benches are also included. This interface will implement the slow control buses of the digitizer cards for the second generation of electronics for the Advanced GAmma Tracking Array (AGATA). |
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0018-9499 |
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WOS:000325827700014 |
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no |
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yes |
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yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
1612 |
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Oliver, J.F.; Fuster-Garcia, E.; Cabello, J.; Tortajada, S.; Rafecas, M. |
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Title |
Application of Artificial Neural Network for Reducing Random Coincidences in PET |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. |
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Volume |
60 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
3399-3409 |
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Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is based on the detection in coincidence of the two photons created in a positron annihilation. In conventional PET, this coincidence identification is usually carried out through a coincidence electronic unit. An accidental coincidence occurs when two photons arising from different annihilations are classified as a coincidence. Accidental coincidences are one of the main sources of image degradation in PET. Some novel systems allow coincidences to be selected post-acquisition in software, or in real time through a digital coincidence engine in an FPGA. These approaches provide the user with extra flexibility in the sorting process and allow the application of alternative coincidence sorting procedures. In this work a novel sorting procedure based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN) techniques has been developed. It has been compared to a conventional coincidence sorting algorithm based on a time coincidence window. The data have been obtained from Monte-Carlo simulations. A small animal PET scanner has been implemented to this end. The efficiency (the ratio of correct identifications) can be selected for both methods. In one case by changing the actual value of the coincidence window used, and in the other by changing a threshold at the output of the neural network. At matched efficiencies, the ANN-based method always produces a sorted output with a smaller random fraction. In addition, two differential trends are found: the conventional method presents a maximum achievable efficiency, while the ANN-based method is able to increase the efficiency up to unity, the ideal value, at the cost of increasing the random fraction. Images reconstructed using ANN sorted data (no compensation for randoms) present better contrast, and those image features which are more affected by randoms are enhanced. For the image quality phantom used in the paper, the ANN method decreases the spill-over ratio by a factor of 18%. |
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0018-9499 |
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Notes |
WOS:000325827200027 |
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no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
1611 |
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Author |
Cabello, J.; Torres-Espallardo, I.; Gillam, J.E.; Rafecas, M. |
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Title |
PET Reconstruction From Truncated Projections Using Total-Variation Regularization for Hadron Therapy Monitoring |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. |
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Volume |
60 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
3364-3372 |
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Hadron therapy exploits the properties of ion beams to treat tumors by maximizing the dose released to the target and sparing healthy tissue. With hadron beams, the dose distribution shows a relatively low entrance dose which rises sharply at the end of the range, providing the characteristic Bragg peak that drops quickly thereafter. It is of critical importance in order not to damage surrounding healthy tissues and/or avoid targeting underdosage to know where the delivered dose profile ends-the location of the Bragg peak. During hadron therapy, short-lived beta(+)-emitters are produced along the beam path, their distribution being correlated with the delivered dose. Following positron annihilation, two photons are emitted, which can be detected using a positron emission tomography (PET) scanner. The low yield of emitters, their short half-life, and the wash out from the target region make the use of PET, even only a few minutes after hadron irradiation, a challenging application. In-beam PET represents a potential candidate to estimate the distribution of beta(+)-emitters during or immediately after irradiation, at the cost of truncation effects and degraded image quality due to the partial rings required of the PET scanner. Time-of-flight (ToF) information can potentially be used to compensate for truncation effects and to enhance image contrast. However, the highly demanding timing performance required in ToF-PET makes this option costly. Alternatively, the use of maximum-a-posteriori-expectation-maximization (MAP-EM), including total variation (TV) in the cost function, produces images with low noise, while preserving spatial resolution. In this paper, we compare data reconstructed with maximum-likelihood-expectation-maximization (ML-EM) and MAP-EM using TV as prior, and the impact of including ToF information, from data acquired with a complete and a partial-ring PET scanner, of simulated hadron beams interacting with a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) target. The results show that MAP-EM, in the absence of ToF information, produces lower noise images and more similar data compared to the simulated beta(+) distributions than ML-EM with ToF information in the order of 200-600 ps. The investigation is extended to the combination of MAP-EM and ToF information to study the limit of performance using both approaches. |
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0018-9499 |
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Notes |
WOS:000325827200023 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
1610 |
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Author |
Brown, J.M.C.; Gillam, J.E.; Paganin, D.M.; Dimmock, M.R. |
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Title |
Laplacian Erosion: An Image Deblurring Technique for Multi-Plane Gamma-Cameras |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. |
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Volume |
60 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
3333-3342 |
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Abstract |
Laplacian Erosion, an image deblurring technique for multi-plane Gamma-cameras, has been developed and tested for planar imaging using a GEANT4 Monte Carlo model of the Pixelated Emission Detector for RadioisOtopes (PEDRO) as a test platform. A contrast and Derenzo-like phantom composed of I-125 were both employed to investigate the dependence of detection plane and pinhole geometry on the performance of Laplacian Erosion. Three different pinhole geometries were tested. It was found that, for the test system, the performance of Laplacian Erosion was inversely proportional to the detection plane offset, and directly proportional to the pinhole diameter. All tested pinhole geometries saw a reduction in the level of image blurring associated with the pinhole geometry. However, the reduction in image blurring came at the cost of signal to noise ratio in the image. The application of Laplacian Erosion was shown to reduce the level of image blurring associated with pinhole geometry and improve recovered image quality in multi-plane Gamma-cameras for the targeted radiotracer I-125. |
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0018-9499 |
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Notes |
WOS:000325827200020 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
1609 |
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Author |
Barrientos, D.; Bellato, M.; Bazzacco, D.; Bortolato, D.; Cocconi, P.; Gadea, A.; Gonzalez, V.; Gulmini, M.; Isocrate, R.; Mengoni, D.; Pullia, A.; Recchia, F.; Rosso, D.; Sanchis, E.; Toniolo, N.; Ur, C.A.; Valiente-Dobon, J.J. |
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Title |
Performance of the Fully Digital FPGA-Based Front-End Electronics for the GALILEO Array |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. |
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Volume |
62 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
3134-3139 |
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Keywords |
FPGA; front-end electronics; gamma-ray spectroscopy; germanium detectors |
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Abstract |
In this work we present the architecture and results of a fully digital Front End Electronics (FEE) read out system developed for the GALILEO array. The FEE system, developed in collaboration with the Advanced Gamma Tracking Array (AGATA) collaboration, is composed of three main blocks: preamplifiers, digitizers and preprocessing electronics. The slow control system contains a custom Linux driver, a dynamic library and a server implementing network services. This work presents the first results of the digital FEE system coupled with a GALILEO germanium detector, which has demonstrated the capability to achieve an energy resolution of 1.53% at an energy of 1.33 MeV, similar to the one obtained with a conventional analog system. While keeping a good performance in terms of energy resolution, digital electronics will allow to instrument the full GALILEO array with a versatile system with high integration and low power consumption and costs. |
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Address |
[Barrientos, D.; Bortolato, D.; Cocconi, P.; Gulmini, M.; Rosso, D.; Toniolo, N.; Valiente-Dobon, J. J.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Legnaro, I-35020 Padua, Italy, Email: diego.barrientos@lnl.infn.it |
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Ieee-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc |
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English |
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0018-9499 |
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Notes |
WOS:000372013500005 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
2612 |
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Author |
Belver, D.; Cabanelas, P.; Castro, E.; Garzon, J.A.; Gil, A.; Gonzalez-Diaz, D.; Koenig, W.; Traxler, M. |
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Title |
Performance of the Low-Jitter High-Gain/Bandwidth Front-End Electronics of the HADES tRPC Wall |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. |
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Volume |
57 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
2848-2856 |
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Keywords |
Charge to width algorithm; fast amplifying and digitizing electronics; front-end electronics; HADES; time of flight; timing RPC |
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Abstract |
A front-end electronics (FEE) chain for accurate time measurements has been developed for the new Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC)-based Time-of-Flight (TOF) wall of the High Acceptance Di-Electron Spectrometer (HADES). The wall covers an area of around 8 m(2) divided in 6 sectors. In total, 1122 4-gap timing RPC cells are read-out by 2244 time and charge sensitive channels. The FEE chain consists of 2 custom-made boards: a 4-channel Daughter BOard(DBO) and a 32-channel MotherBOard (MBO). The DBO uses a fast 2 GHz amplifier feeding a dual high-speed discriminator. The time and charge information are encoded, respectively, in the leading edge and the width of an LVDS signal. Each MBO houses up to 8 DBOs providing them regulated voltage supply, threshold values via DACs, test signals and, additionally, routing out a signal proportional to the channel multiplicity needed for a 1st level trigger decision. The MBO delivers LVDS signals to a multi-purpose Trigger Readout Board (TRB) for data acquisition. The FEE allows achieving a system resolution around 75 ps fulfilling comfortably the requirements of the HADES upgrade [1]. The commissioning of the whole RPC wall is finished and the 6 sectors are already mounted in their final position in the HADES spectrometer and ready to take data during the beam-times foreseen for 2010. |
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Address |
[Belver, Daniel; Cabanelas, P.; Castro, E.; Garzon, J. A.] Univ Santiago Compostela, LabCAF, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Spain, Email: daniel.belver@usc.es |
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Ieee-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc |
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English |
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0018-9499 |
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Notes |
ISI:000283440400007 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ elepoucu @ |
Serial |
349 |
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Author |
Marco-Hernandez, R.; Bau, M.; Ferrari, M.; Ferrari, V.; Pedersen, F.; Soby, L. |
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Title |
A Low-Noise Charge Amplifier for the ELENA Trajectory, Orbit, and Intensity Measurement System |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. |
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Volume |
64 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
2465-2473 |
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Keywords |
Beam position monitor (BPM); charge sensitive amplifier; instrumentation for accelerators; low-noise amplifier; particle accelerators; printed circuits |
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Abstract |
A low-noise head amplifier has been developed for the extra low energy antiproton ring beam trajectory, orbit, and intensity measurement system at CERN. This system is based on 24 double-electrode electrostatic beam position monitors installed around the ring. A head amplifier is placed close to each beam position monitor to amplify the electrode signals and generate a difference and a sum signal. These signals are sent to the digital acquisition system, about 50 m away from the ring, where they are digitized and further processed. The beam position can be measured by dividing the difference signal by the sum signal while the sum signal gives information relative to the beam intensity. The head amplifier consists of two discrete charge preamplifiers with junction field effect transistor (JFET) inputs, a sum and a difference stage, and two cable drivers. Special attention has been paid to the amplifier printed circuit board design to minimize the parasitic capacitances and inductances at the charge amplifier stages to meet the gain and noise requirements. The measurements carried out on the head amplifier showed a gain of 40.5 and 46.5 dB for the sum and difference outputs with a bandwidth from 200 Hz to 75 MHz and an input voltage noise density lower than 400 pV/v Hz. Twenty head amplifiers have been already installed in the ring and they have been used to detect the first beam signals during the first commissioning stage in November 2016. |
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[Marco-Hernandez, Ricardo; Pedersen, Flemming; Soby, Lars] CERN, CH-1217 Meyrin, Switzerland, Email: rmarco@ific.uv.es |
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Ieee-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc |
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English |
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0018-9499 |
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Notes |
WOS:000411029500002 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
3298 |
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Author |
Aliaga, R.J. |
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Title |
Real-Time Estimation of Zero Crossings of Sampled Signals for Timing Using Cubic Spline Interpolation |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. |
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Volume |
64 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
2414-2422 |
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Keywords |
Digital arithmetic; digital circuits; digital timing; field-programmable gate array (FPGA); interpolation; signal processing algorithms; splines time estimation; time resolution |
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Abstract |
A scheme is proposed for hardware estimation of the location of zero crossings of sampled signals with subsample resolution for timing applications, which consists of interpolating the signal with a cubic spline near the zero crossing and then finding the root of the resulting polynomial. An iterative algorithm based on the bisection method is presented that obtains one bit of the result per step and admits an efficient digital implementation using fixed-point representation. In particular, the root estimation iteration involves only two additions, and the initial values can be obtained from finite impulse response (FIR) filters with certain symmetry properties. It is shown that this allows online real-time estimation of timestamps in free-running sampling detector systems with improved accuracy with respect to the more common linear interpolation. The method is evaluated with simulations using ideal and real timing signals, and estimates are given for the resource usage and speed of its implementation. |
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Address |
[Aliaga, Ramon J.] Inst Fis Corpuscular, Paterna 46980, Spain, Email: raalva@upvnet.upv.es |
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Ieee-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc |
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English |
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0018-9499 |
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Notes |
WOS:000411027700008 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
no |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
3301 |
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Author |
Real, D.; Calvo, D.; Diaz, A.; Alves Garre, S.; Carretero, V.; Sanchez Losa, A.; Salesa Greus, F. |
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Title |
An Ultra-Narrow Time Optical Pulse Emitter Based on a Laser: UNTOPEL |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. |
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Volume |
70 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
2364-2372 |
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Keywords |
Instrumentation electronics; neutrino telescope instrumentation; subnanosecond light source; time calibration instrument |
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Abstract |
Light sources that emit repetitive subnanosecond pulses are used in neutrino telescopes for time calibration. Optical pulses with an ultra-narrow (subnanosecond) width can replicate the light produced by neutrino interactions, and are an important calibration and test element. By measuring the time-of-flight of the light, it is possible to provide a relative time calibration for all the detector photomultipliers. This work presents the ultra-narrow time optical pulse emitter based on a laser (UNTOPEL), an instrument emitting ultra-short laser optical pulses with a duration of 500 ps, energies per pulse of four microjoules at a wavelength of 532 nm, and a timing precision of 400 ps. The UNTOPEL pulse intensity can be fine-tuned, which is a novelty and a significant advantage in those applications that need to illuminate light detectors located at different distances with the same light intensity. The UNTOPEL pulse intensity can be controlled remotely, allowing for its use in operating conditions where physical access is impossible or difficult. Moreover, it is easy to operate and can be easily controlled through an inter-integrated circuit bus. The UNTOPEL is a sound instrument used when subnanosecond pulses and variable energy emissions are needed. |
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Address |
[Real, Diego; Calvo, David; Garre, Sergio Alves; Carretero, Victor; Losa, Agustin Sanchez; Greus, FranciscoSalesa] Univ Valencia, IFIC Inst Fis Corpuscular, CSIC, Paterna 46980, Spain, Email: real@ific.uv.es |
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Ieee-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0018-9499 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:001098078200010 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
no |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
5795 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
