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	Author	Aliaga, R.J.
	Title	Real-Time Estimation of Zero Crossings of Sampled Signals for Timing Using Cubic Spline Interpolation			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2017	Publication	IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.
	Volume	64	Issue	8	Pages	2414-2422
	Keywords	Digital arithmetic; digital circuits; digital timing; field-programmable gate array (FPGA); interpolation; signal processing algorithms; splines time estimation; time resolution
	Abstract	A scheme is proposed for hardware estimation of the location of zero crossings of sampled signals with subsample resolution for timing applications, which consists of interpolating the signal with a cubic spline near the zero crossing and then finding the root of the resulting polynomial. An iterative algorithm based on the bisection method is presented that obtains one bit of the result per step and admits an efficient digital implementation using fixed-point representation. In particular, the root estimation iteration involves only two additions, and the initial values can be obtained from finite impulse response (FIR) filters with certain symmetry properties. It is shown that this allows online real-time estimation of timestamps in free-running sampling detector systems with improved accuracy with respect to the more common linear interpolation. The method is evaluated with simulations using ideal and real timing signals, and estimates are given for the resource usage and speed of its implementation.
	Address	[Aliaga, Ramon J.] Inst Fis Corpuscular, Paterna 46980, Spain, Email: raalva@upvnet.upv.es
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Ieee-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0018-9499	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	WOS:000411027700008			Approved	no
	Is ISI	yes	International Collaboration	no
	Call Number	IFIC @ pastor @			Serial	3301
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