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	Author	XENON Collaboration (Aprile, E. et al); Orrigo, S.E.A.
	Title	Lowering the radioactivity of the photomultiplier tubes for the XENON1T dark matter experiment			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2015	Publication	European Physical Journal C	Abbreviated Journal	Eur. Phys. J. C
	Volume	75	Issue	11	Pages	546 - 10pp
	Keywords
	Abstract	The low-background, VUV-sensitive 3-inch diameter photomultiplier tube R11410 has been developed by Hamamatsu for dark matter direct detection experiments using liquid xenon as the target material. We present the results from the joint effort between the XENON collaboration and the Hamamatsu company to produce a highly radio-pure photosensor (version R11410-21) for the XENON1T dark matter experiment. After introducing the photosensor and its components, we show the methods and results of the radioactive contamination measurements of the individual materials employed in the photomultiplier production. We then discuss the adopted strategies to reduce the radioactivity of the various PMT versions. Finally, we detail the results from screening 286 tubes with ultra-low background germanium detectors, as well as their implications for the expected electronic and nuclear recoil background of the XENON1T experiment.
	Address	[XENON Collaboration] Lab Nazl Gran Sasso, Assergi, Italy, Email: lbaudis@uzh.ch;
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1434-6044	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	WOS:000365528200001			Approved	no
	Is ISI	yes	International Collaboration	yes
	Call Number	IFIC @ pastor @			Serial	2477
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