|   | 
Details
   web
Records
Author KM3NeT Collaboration (Aiello, S. et al); Alves Garre, S.; Bariego-Quintana, A.; Calvo, D.; Cecchini, V.; Garcia Soto, A.; Gozzini, S.R.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Lazo, A.; Lessing, N.; Palacios Gonzalez, J.; Pastor Gomez, E.J.; Prado, J.; Real, D.; Saina, A.; Salesa Greus, F.; Sanchez Losa, A.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J.
Title On the Potential Cosmogenic Origin of the Ultra-high-energy Event KM3-230213A Type Journal Article
Year 2025 Publication Astrophysical Journal Letters Abbreviated Journal Astrophys. J. Lett.
Volume (down) 984 Issue 2 Pages L41 - 8pp
Keywords
Abstract On 2023 February 13, the KM3NeT/ARCA telescope observed a track-like event compatible with a ultra-high-energy muon with an estimated energy of 120 PeV, produced by a neutrino with an even higher energy, making it the most energetic neutrino event ever detected. A diffuse cosmogenic component is expected to originate from the interactions of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with ambient photon and matter fields. The flux level required by the KM3NeT/ARCA event is, however, in tension with the standard cosmogenic neutrino predictions based on the observations collected by the Pierre Auger Observatory and Telescope Array over the last decade of the ultra-high-energy cosmic rays above the ankle (hence from the local Universe, z less than or similar to 1). We show here that both observations can be reconciled by extending the integration of the equivalent cosmogenic neutrino flux up to a redshift of zmax=6 and considering either source evolution effects or the presence of a subdominant independent proton component in the ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray flux, thus placing constraints on known cosmic accelerators.
Address [Adriani, O.; Berti, E.; Betti, P.; Bottai, S.; Mori, N.; Pacini, L.; Papini, P.; Scaringella, M.] INFN, Sez Firenze, Via Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy, Email: acondorelli@km3net.de;
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher IOP Publishing Ltd Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2041-8205 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes WOS:001481580600001 Approved no
Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes
Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 6675
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author KM3NeT Collaboration (Aiello, S. et al); Alves Garre, S.; Bariego-Quintana, A.; Calvo, D.; Carretero, V.; Cecchini, V.; Garcia Soto, A.; Gozzini, S.R.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Lazo, A.; Lessing, N.; Palacios Gonzalez, J.; Pastor Gomez, E.J.; Prado, J.; Real, D.; Saina, A.; Salesa Greus, F.; Sanchez Losa, A.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J.
Title Observation of an ultra-high-energy cosmic neutrino with KM3NeT Type Journal Article
Year 2025 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature
Volume (down) 638 Issue 8050 Pages 376-382
Keywords
Abstract The detection of cosmic neutrinos with energies above a teraelectronvolt (TeV) offers a unique exploration into astrophysical phenomena(1-3). Electrically neutral and interacting only by means of the weak interaction, neutrinos are not deflected by magnetic fields and are rarely absorbed by interstellar matter: their direction indicates that their cosmic origin might be from the farthest reaches of the Universe. High-energy neutrinos can be produced when ultra-relativistic cosmic-ray protons or nuclei interact with other matter or photons, and their observation could be a signature of these processes. Here we report an exceptionally high-energy event observed by KM3NeT, the deep-sea neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea(4), which we associate with a cosmic neutrino detection. We detect a muon with an estimated energy of 120(-60)(+110) petaelectronvolts (PeV). In light of its enormous energy and near-horizontal direction, the muon most probably originated from the interaction of a neutrino of even higher energy in the vicinity of the detector. The cosmic neutrino energy spectrum measured up to now(5-7) falls steeply with energy. However, the energy of this event is much larger than that of any neutrino detected so far. This suggests that the neutrino may have originated in a different cosmic accelerator than the lower-energy neutrinos, or this may be the first detection of a cosmogenic neutrino(8), resulting from the interactions of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with background photons in the Universe.
Address [Aiello, S.; Bruno, R.; Ferrara, G.; Leonora, E.; Longhitano, F.; Randazzo, N.; Sinopoulou, A.; Tosta e Melo, I.] INFN, Sez Catania, INFN CT, Catania, Italy
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Nature Portfolio Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0028-0836 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes WOS:001427012000001 Approved no
Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes
Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 6607
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author KM3NeT Collaboration (Aiello, S. et al); Alves Garre, S.; Calvo, D.; Carretero, V.; Garcia Soto, A.; Gozzini, S.R.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Khan Chowdhury, N.R.; Lazo, A.; Lessing, N.; Manczak, J.; Palacios Gonzalez, J.; Pastor Gomez, E.J.; Rahaman, U.; Real, D.; Saina, A.; Salesa Greus, F.; Sanchez Losa, A.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J.
Title Embedded software of the KM3NeT central logic board Type Journal Article
Year 2024 Publication Computer Physics Communications Abbreviated Journal Comput. Phys. Commun.
Volume (down) 296 Issue Pages 109036 - 15pp
Keywords Embedded software; Neutrino detectors; Synchronization networks
Abstract The KM3NeT Collaboration is building and operating two deep sea neutrino telescopes at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea. The telescopes consist of latices of photomultiplier tubes housed in pressure-resistant glass spheres, called digital optical modules and arranged in vertical detection units. The two main scientific goals are the determination of the neutrino mass ordering and the discovery and observation of high-energy neutrino sources in the Universe. Neutrinos are detected via the Cherenkov light, which is induced by charged particles originated in neutrino interactions. The photomultiplier tubes convert the Cherenkov light into electrical signals that are acquired and timestamped by the acquisition electronics. Each optical module houses the acquisition electronics for collecting and timestamping the photomultiplier signals with one nanosecond accuracy. Once finished, the two telescopes will have installed more than six thousand optical acquisition nodes, completing one of the more complex networks in the world in terms of operation and synchronization. The embedded software running in the acquisition nodes has been designed to provide a framework that will operate with different hardware versions and functionalities. The hardware will not be accessible once in operation, which complicates the embedded software architecture. The embedded software provides a set of tools to facilitate remote manageability of the deployed hardware, including safe reconfiguration of the firmware. This paper presents the architecture and the techniques, methods and implementation of the embedded software running in the acquisition nodes of the KM3NeT neutrino telescopes. Program summary Program title: Embedded software for the KM3NeT CLB CPC Library link to program files: https://doi.org/10.17632/s847hpsns4.1 Licensing provisions: GNU General Public License 3 Programming language: C Nature of problem: The challenge for the embedded software in the KM3NeT neutrino telescope lies in orchestrating the Digital Optical Modules (DOMs) to achieve the synchronized data acquisition of the incoming optical signals. The DOMs are the crucial component responsible for capturing neutrino interactions deep underwater. The embedded software must configure and precisely time the operation of each DOM. Any deviation or timing mismatch could compromise data integrity, undermining the scientific value of the experiment. Therefore, the embedded software plays a critical role in coordinating, synchronizing, and operating these modules, ensuring they work in unison to capture and process neutrino signals accurately, ultimately advancing our understanding of fundamental particles in the Universe. Solution method: The embedded software on the DOMs provides a solution based on a C-based bare-metal application, operating without a real-time embedded OS. It is loaded into the RAM during FPGA configuration, consuming less than 256 kB of RAM. The software architecture comprises two layers: system software and application. The former offers OS-like features, including a multitasking scheduler, firmware updates, peripheral drivers, a UDP-based network stack, and error handling utilities. The application layer contains a state machine ensuring consistent program states. It is navigated via slow control events, including external inputs and autonomous responses. Subsystems within the application code control specific acquisition electronics components via the associated driver abstractions. Additional comments including restrictions and unusual features: Due to the operation conditions of the neutrino telescope, where access is restricted, the embedded software implements a fail-safe procedure to reconfigure the firmware where the embedded software runs.
Address [Aiello, S.; Bruno, R.; Leonora, E.; Longhitano, F.; Randazzo, N.; Sinopoulou, A.; Tosta e Melo, I] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, I-95123 Catania, Italy, Email: km3net-pc@km3net.de;
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Elsevier Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0010-4655 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes WOS:001162587500001 Approved no
Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes
Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 5961
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author KM3NeT Collaboration (Aiello, S. et al); Alves Garre, S.; Bariego-Quintana, A.; Calvo, D.; Carretero, V.; Cecchini, V.; Garcia Soto, A.; Gozzini, S.R.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Lazo, A.; Lessing, N.; Manczak, J.; Manzaneda, M.; Palacios Gonzalez, J.; Pastor Gomez, E.J.; Prado, J.; Rahaman, U.; Real, D.; Saina, A.; Salesa Greus, F.; Sanchez Losa, A.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J.
Title Differential Sensitivity of the KM3NeT/ARCA detector to a diffuse neutrino flux and to point-like source emission: Exploring the case of the Starburst Galaxies Type Journal Article
Year 2024 Publication Astroparticle Physics Abbreviated Journal Astropart Phys.
Volume (down) 162 Issue Pages 102990 - 9pp
Keywords Neutrinos; Sensitivity; Differential; Galaxies; Starburst
Abstract KM3NeT/ARCA is a Cherenkov neutrino telescope under construction in the Mediterranean sea, optimised for the detection of astrophysical neutrinos with energies above similar to 1 TeV. In this work, using Monte Carlo simulations including all-flavour neutrinos, the integrated and differential sensitivities for KM3NeT/ARCA are presented considering the case of a diffuse neutrino flux as well as extended and point-like neutrino sources. This analysis is applied to Starburst Galaxies demonstrating that the detector has the capability of tracing TeV neutrinos from these sources. Remarkably, after eight years, a hard power-law spectrum from the nearby Small Magellanic Cloud can be constrained. The sensitivity and discovery potential for NGC 1068 is also evaluated showing that KM3NeT/ARCA will discriminate between different astrophysical components of the measured neutrino flux after 3 years of data taking.
Address [Aiello, S.; Bruno, R.; Leonora, E.; Longhitano, F.; Randazzo, N.; Sinopoulou, A.; Tosta e Melo, I.] INFN CT, INFN, Sez Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, I-95123 Catania, Italy, Email: antonio.ambrosone@unina.it;
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Elsevier Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0927-6505 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes WOS:001278318600001 Approved no
Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes
Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 6275
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Garcia Soto, A.; Zhelnin, P.; Safa, I.; Arguelles, C.A.
Title Tau Appearance from High-Energy Neutrino Interactions Type Journal Article
Year 2022 Publication Physical Review Letters Abbreviated Journal Phys. Rev. Lett.
Volume (down) 128 Issue 17 Pages 171101 - 7pp
Keywords
Abstract High-energy muon and electron neutrinos yield a non-negligible flux of tau neutrinos as they propagate through Earth. In this Letter, we address the impact of this additional component in the PeV and EeV energy regimes for the first time. Above 300 TeV, this contribution is predicted to be significantly larger than the atmospheric background, and it alters current and future neutrino telescopes' capabilities to discover a cosmic tau-neutrino flux. Further, we demonstrate that Earth-skimming neutrino experiments, designed to observe tau neutrinos, will be sensitive to cosmogenic neutrinos even in extreme scenarios without a primary tau-neutrino component.
Address [Soto, A. Garcia; Zhelnin, P.; Safa, I; Arguelles, C. A.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA, Email: alfonsogarciasoto@fas.harvard.edu;
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Amer Physical Soc Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0031-9007 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes WOS:000804588400008 Approved no
Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes
Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 5240
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author GENIE Collaboration (Li, W.J. et al); Garcia Soto, A.
Title First combined tuning on transverse kinematic imbalance data with and without pion production constraints Type Journal Article
Year 2024 Publication Physical Review D Abbreviated Journal Phys. Rev. D
Volume (down) 110 Issue 7 Pages 072016 - 18pp
Keywords
Abstract We present the first combined tuning, using GENIE, of four transverse kinematic imbalance measurements of neutrino-hydrocarbon scattering, both with and without pion final states, from the T2K and MINERvA experiments. As a proof of concept, we have simultaneously tuned the initial state and final state interaction models (SF-CFG and hA, respectively), producing a new effective model that more accurately describes the data.
Address [Li, Weijun] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England, Email: weijun.li@physics.ox.ac.uk;
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Amer Physical Soc Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2470-0010 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes WOS:001379636900001 Approved no
Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes
Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 6382
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Wilkinson, C.; Garcia Soto, A.
Title Low-ν method with LHC neutrinos Type Journal Article
Year 2024 Publication Physical Review D Abbreviated Journal Phys. Rev. D
Volume (down) 109 Issue 3 Pages 033010 - 19pp
Keywords
Abstract The Forward Physics Facility (FPF) plans to use neutrinos produced at the Large Hadron Collider to make a variety of measurements at previously unexplored TeV energies. Its primary goals include precision measurements of the neutrino cross section and using the measured neutrino flux both to uncover information about far-forward hadron production and to search for various beyond standard model scenarios. However, these goals have the potential to conflict: Extracting information about the flux or cross section relies upon an assumption about the other. In this paper, we demonstrate that the FPF can use the low-nu method-a technique for constraining the flux shape by isolating neutrino interactions with low energy transfer to the nucleus-to break this degeneracy. We show that the low-nu method is effective for extracting the nu μflux shape, in a model-independent way. We discuss its application for extracting the nu over bar μflux shape but find that this is significantly more model dependent. Finally, we explore the precision to which the nu μflux shape could be constrained at the FPF for a variety of proposed detector options. We find that the precision would be sufficient to discriminate between various realistic flux models.
Address [Wilkinson, C.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA, Email: cwilkinson@lbl.gov;
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Amer Physical Soc Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2470-0010 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes WOS:001183228500009 Approved no
Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes
Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 5986
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Garcia Soto, A.; Garg, D.; Reno, M.H.; Arguelles, C.A.
Title Probing quantum gravity with elastic interactions of ultrahigh-energy neutrinos Type Journal Article
Year 2023 Publication Physical Review D Abbreviated Journal Phys. Rev. D
Volume (down) 107 Issue 3 Pages 033009 - 9pp
Keywords
Abstract The next generation of radio telescopes will be sensitive to low-scale quantum gravity by measuring ultrahigh-energy neutrinos. In this work, we demonstrate for the first time that neutrino-nucleon soft interactions induced by TeV-scale gravity would significantly increase the number of events detected by the IceCube-Gen2 radio array in the EeV regime. However, we show that these experiments cannot measure the total cross section using only the angular and energy information of the neutrino flux, unless assumptions on the underlying inelasticity distribution of neutral interactions are made.
Address [Garcia-Soto, A.; Arguelles, C. A.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Amer Physical Soc Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2470-0010 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes WOS:001004183600015 Approved no
Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes
Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 5557
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author KM3NeT Collaboration (Aiello, S. et al); Alves Garre, S.; Bariego-Quintana, A.; Calvo, D.; Cecchini, V.; Garcia Soto, A.; Gozzini, S.R.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Lazo, A.; Lessing, N.; Manczak, J.; Palacios Gonzalez, J.; Pastor Gomez, E.J.; Prado, J.; Rahaman, U.; Real, D.; Saina, A.; Salesa Greus, F.; Sanchez Losa, A.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J.
Title Atmospheric muons measured with the KM3NeT detectors in comparison with updated numeric predictions Type Journal Article
Year 2024 Publication European Physical Journal C Abbreviated Journal Eur. Phys. J. C
Volume (down) 84 Issue 7 Pages 696 - 19pp
Keywords
Abstract The measurement of the flux of muons produced in cosmic ray air showers is essential for the study of primary cosmic rays. Such measurements are important in extensive air shower detectors to assess the energy spectrum and the chemical composition of the cosmic ray flux, complementary to the information provided by fluorescence detectors. Detailed simulations of the cosmic ray air showers are carried out, using codes such as CORSIKA, to estimate the muon flux at sea level. These simulations are based on the choice of hadronic interaction models, for which improvements have been implemented in the post-LHC era. In this work, a deficit in simulations that use state-of-the-art QCD models with respect to the measurement deep underwater with the KM3NeT neutrino detectors is reported. The KM3NeT/ARCA and KM3NeT/ORCA neutrino telescopes are sensitive to TeV muons originating mostly from primary cosmic rays with energies around 10 TeV. The predictions of state-of-the-art QCD models show that the deficit with respect to the data is constant in zenith angle; no dependency on the water overburden is observed. The observed deficit at a depth of several kilometres is compatible with the deficit seen in the comparison of the simulations and measurements at sea level.
Address [Aiello, S.; Bruno, R.; Leonora, E.; Longhitano, F.; Randazzo, N.; Sinopoulou, A.; Melo, I. Tosta e] INFN, Sez Catania, INFN CT, Via Santa Sofia 64, I-95123 Catania, Italy, Email: vladimir.kulikovskiy@ge.infn.it;
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Springer Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1434-6044 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes WOS:001290702700001 Approved no
Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes
Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 6283
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author KM3NeT Collaboration (Aiello, S. et al); Alves Garre, S.; Bariego-Quintana, A.; Calvo, D.; Carretero, V.; Cecchini, V.; Garcia Soto, A.; Gozzini, S.R.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Lazo, A.; Lessing, N.; Manczak, J.; Palacios Gonzalez, J.; Pastor Gomez, E.J.; Prado, J.; Rahaman, U.; Real, D.; Saina, A.; Salesa Greus, F.; Sanchez Losa, A.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J.
Title Astronomy potential of KM3NeT/ARCA Type Journal Article
Year 2024 Publication European Physical Journal C Abbreviated Journal Eur. Phys. J. C
Volume (down) 84 Issue 9 Pages 885 - 17pp
Keywords
Abstract The KM3NeT/ARCA neutrino detector is currently under construction at 3500 m depth offshore Capo Passero, Sicily, in the Mediterranean Sea. The main science objectives are the detection of high-energy cosmic neutrinos and the discovery of their sources. Simulations were conducted for the full KM3NeT/ARCA detector, instrumenting a volume of 1 km(3), to estimate the sensitivity and discovery potential to point-like neutrino sources. This paper covers the reconstruction of track- and shower-like signatures, as well as the criteria employed for neutrino event selection. With an angular resolution below 0.1 degrees for tracks and under 2 degrees for showers, the sensitivity to point-like neutrino sources surpasses existing observed limits across the entire sky.
Address [Aiello, S.; Bruno, R.; Leonora, E.; Longhitano, F.; Randazzo, N.; Sinopoulou, A.; Tosta e Melo, I] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Catania INFN CT, Via Santa Sofia 64, I-95123 Catania, Italy, Email: thijsvaneeden@gmail.com
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Springer Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1434-6044 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes WOS:001325276300001 Approved no
Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes
Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 6319
Permanent link to this record