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Author |
Real, D.; Calvo, D. |
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Title |
Low-Resource Time-to-Digital Converters for Field Programmable Gate Arrays: A Review |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2024 |
Publication |
Sensors |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sensors |
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Volume |
24 |
Issue |
17 |
Pages |
5512 - 15pp |
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Keywords |
time-to-digital converter; field-programmable gate array; low-resource time-to-digital converters |
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Abstract |
A fundamental aspect in the evolution of Time-to-Digital Converters (TDCs) implemented within Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), given the increasing demand for detection channels, is the optimization of resource utilization. This study reviews the principal methodologies employed for implementing low-resource TDCs in FPGAs. It outlines the foundational architectures and interpolation techniques utilized to bolster TDC performances without unduly burdening resource consumption. Low-resource Tapped Delay Line, Vernier Ring Oscillator, and Multi-Phase Shift Counter TDCs, including the use of SerDes, are reviewed. Additionally, novel low-resource architectures are scrutinized, including Counter Gray Oscillator TDCs and interpolation expansions using Process-Voltage-Temperature stable IODELAYs. Furthermore, the advantages and limitations of each approach are critically assessed, with particular emphasis on resolution, precision, non-linearities, and especially resource utilization. A comprehensive summary table encapsulating existing works on low-resource TDCs is provided, offering a comprehensive overview of the advancements in the field. |
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Address |
[Real, Diego; Calvo, David] Univ Valencia, IFIC Inst Fis Corpuscular, CSIC, C Catedrat Jose Beltran 2, Paterna 46980, Spain, Email: real@ific.uv.es |
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Mdpi |
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WOS:001311766100001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
no |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial  |
6254 |
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Author |
Punzi, G.; Baldini, W.; Bassi, G.; Contu, A.; Fantechi, R.; He, J.B.; Jashal, B.K.; Kotriakhova, S.; Lazzari, F.; Martinelli, M.; Mendoza, D.; Morello, M.J.; Oyanguren, A.; Pica, L.; Shi, Q.; Terzuoli, F.; Tuci, G.; Xu, A.; Zhuo, J.H. |
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Title |
Detector-embedded reconstruction of complex primitives using FPGAs |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2024 |
Publication |
Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research A |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A |
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Volume |
1069 |
Issue |
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Pages |
169782 - 4pp |
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Keywords |
DAQ; FPGA; Trigger; LHCb |
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Abstract |
The slowdown of Moore's law and the growing requirements of future HEP experiments with ever-increasing data rates pose important computational challenges for data reconstruction and trigger systems, encouraging the exploration of new computing methodologies. In this work we discuss a FPGA-based tracking system, relying on a massively parallel pattern recognition approach, inspired by the processing of visual images by the natural brain (“retina architecture”). This method allows a large efficiency of utilisation of the hardware, low power consumption and very low latencies. Based on this approach, a device has been designed within the LHCb Upgrade-II project, with the goal of performing track reconstruction in the forward acceptance region in real-time during the upcoming Run 4 of the LHC. This innovative device will perform track reconstruction before the event-building, in a short enough time to provide pre-reconstructed tracks (“primitives”) transparently to the processor farm, as if they had been generated directly by the detector. This allows significant savings in higher-level computing resources, enabling handling higher luminosities than otherwise possible. The feasibility of the project is backed up by the results of tests performed on a realistic hardware prototype, that has been opportunistically processing actual LHCb data in parallel with the regular DAQ in the LHC Run 3. |
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Address |
[Baldini, Wander; Kotriakhova, Sofia] INFN, Sez Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy, Email: giovanni.punzi@cern.ch |
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Elsevier |
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0168-9002 |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:001309343100001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
6253 |
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Author |
Belle-II DEPFET and PXD Collaborations (Ahlburg, P. et al); Marinas, C. |
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Title |
The new and complete Belle II DEPFET pixel detector: Commissioning and previous operational experience |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2024 |
Publication |
Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research A |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A |
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Volume |
1068 |
Issue |
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Pages |
169763 - 6pp |
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Keywords |
Belle II; DEPFET; Pixel detector; Vertex detector |
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Abstract |
The Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB collider in Tsukuba, Japan, has collected e+e- + e – collision data between 2019 and 2022. After reaching a record-breaking instantaneous luminosity of 4.71x1034 . 71x10 34 cm -2 s -1 and recording a dataset corresponding to 424 fb -1 , it completed its first planned long shutdown phase in December 2023. Aside from upgrades of the collider and detector maintenance, the shutdown was used for the installation of the two-layer Pixel VerteX Detector (PXD). As the innermost sub-detector, multiple scattering effects need to be reduced. PXD utilizes the Depleted P-channel Field Effect Transistor (DEPFET) technology, allowing for a material budget of 0.21% X0 0 per layer. Each of the tracker's 40 modules consists of an array of 250x768 pixels with a pitch ranging from 50 μmx 55 μm for the inner to 85 μmx 55 μm for the outer layer yielding high gain and high signal-to-noise ratio while retaining about 99% hit efficiency. This article discusses the experience of the 4-year operation of the previous single-layer PXD in harsh background conditions as well as commissioning and testing of the fully-populated PXD2 during Long Shutdown 1. |
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Address |
[Ahlburg, P.; Bernlochner, F.; Dingfelder, J.; Farkas, R.; Giakoustidis, G.; Khan, M.; Krueger, H.; Paschen, B.; Schmitz, J.; Wermes, N.] Univ Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, Email: jannes.schmitz@uni-bonn.de |
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Elsevier |
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English |
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ISSN |
0168-9002 |
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Notes |
WOS:001306604900001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
6252 |
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Author |
Castillo-Felisola, O.; Grez, B.; Olmo, G.J.; Orellana, O.; Perdiguero Garate, J. |
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Title |
Cosmological solutions in polynomial affine gravity with torsion |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2024 |
Publication |
European Physical Journal C |
Abbreviated Journal |
Eur. Phys. J. C |
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Volume |
84 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
900 - 12pp |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
The Polynomial Affine Gravity is an alternative gravitational model, where the interactions are mediated solely by the affine connection, instead of the metric tensor. In this paper, we explore the space of solutions to the field equations when the torsion fields are turned on, in a homogeneous and isotropic (cosmological) scenario. We explore various metric structures that emerge in the space of solutions. |
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Address |
[Castillo-Felisola, Oscar; Grez, Bastian] Univ Tecn Federico Santa Maria, Dept Fis, Casilla 110-V, Valparaiso, Chile |
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Publisher |
Springer |
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English |
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ISSN |
1434-6044 |
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Notes |
WOS:001307826500001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
6251 |
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Author |
Vijande, J.; Carmona, V.; Lliso, F.; Ballester, F.; Perez-Calatayud, J. |
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Title |
An efficient component of the redundancy calibration program to ensure equipment stability by assaying HDR Ir-192 sources at the time of replacement |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2024 |
Publication |
Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Appl. Clin. Med. Phys |
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Pages |
5pp |
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Keywords |
brachytherapy |
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Abstract |
BackgroundBrachytherapy (BT) treatments involving temporary high-dose rate (HDR) sources are extensively employed in clinical practice. Ensuring the consistency of all measurement equipment at the hospital level is crucial, requiring a robust redundancy and consistency program. This enables the institution to verify the stability of the dosimetry system over time.PurposeTo describe, justify, and analyze a component of the redundancy program of the calibration protocols followed by the Radiotherapy Department of the Hospital Universitari i Polit & egrave;cnic La Fe (Val & egrave;ncia, Spain) during the last 10 years for the case of HDR BT as an additional component to ensure long term stability of the measurement equipment.MethodsAt the time the HDR BT source is replaced, its Air Kerma Strength (SK) is measured. By comparing this value with the one obtained at the time of installation (corrected by decay), a clear determination of the stability of the measurement equipment can be performed.ResultsDifference between SK,vendor and SK,hosp as a function of the measurement date is reported for a 10 years' period. All measurements are well within the +/- 3% tolerance level recommended in current international guidelines. Percentage differences of SK,hosp values at the time of replacement compared to SK,hosp ones at the time when the source was installed are within the +/- 0.5% range, reflecting oscillations around a null deviation.ConclusionsThe method proposed allows any hospital to ensure a redundancy component of the long-term stability of all equipment involved in BT measurements in a very simple and time efficient manner. Additionally, it enables the hospital to maintain a detailed log of historical differences, facilitating the identification and correction of potential systematic deviations over time. |
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Address |
[Vijande, Javier; Ballester, Facundo] Univ Valencia UV, Dept Fis Atom Mol & Nucl, Burjassot, Spain, Email: Javier.Vijande@uv.es |
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Publisher |
Wiley |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1526-9914 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
WOS:001306138000001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
no |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
6250 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
ATLAS Collaboration (Aad, G. et al); Aikot, A.; Amos, K.R.; Aparisi Pozo, J.A.; Bailey, A.J.; Bouchhar, N.; Cabrera Urban, S.; Cantero, J.; Cardillo, F.; Castillo Gimenez, V.; Chitishvili, M.; Costa, M.J.; Curcio, F.; Didenko, M.; Escobar, C.; Fiorini, L.; Fuster, J.; Garcia, C.; Garcia Navarro, J.E.; Gomez Delegido, A.J.; Gonzalez de la Hoz, S.; Gonzalvo Rodriguez, G.R.; Guerrero Rojas, J.G.R.; Lacasta, C.; Marti-Garcia, S.; Martinez Agullo, P.; Melini, D.; Mitsou, V.A.; Monsonis Romero, L.; Moreno Llacer, M.; Munoz Perez, D.; Navarro-Gonzalez, J.; Poveda, J.; Prades Ibañez, A.; Rubio Jimenez, A.; Ruiz-Martinez, A.; Sabatini, P.; Saibel, A.; Salt, J.; Sanchez Sebastian, V.; Sayago Galvan, I.; Senthilkumar, V.; Soldevila, U.; Sanchez, J.; Torro Pastor, E.; Valero, A.; Valiente Moreno, E.; Valls Ferrer, J.A.; Varriale, L.; Villaplana Perez, M.; Vos, M.; Zakareishvili, T. |
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Title |
Search for new phenomena with top-quark pairs and large missing transverse momentum using 140 fb-1 of pp collision data at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2024 |
Publication |
Journal of High Energy Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. High Energy Phys. |
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Volume |
03 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
139 - 58pp |
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Keywords |
Hadron-Hadron Scattering |
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Abstract |
A search is conducted for new phenomena in events with a top quark pair and large missing transverse momentum, where the top quark pair is reconstructed in final states with one isolated electron or muon and multiple jets. The search is performed using the Large Hadron Collider proton-proton collision data sample at a centre-of-mass energy of root s = 13TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector that corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 140 fb(-1). An analysis based on neural network classifiers is optimised to search for directly produced pairs of supersymmetric partners of the top quark (stop), and to search for spin-0 mediators, produced in association with a pair of top quarks, that decay into dark-matter particles. In the stop search, the analysis is designed to target models in which the mass difference between the stop and the neutralino from the stop decay is close to the top quark mass. This new search is combined with previously published searches in final states with different lepton multiplicities. No significant excess above the Standard Model background is observed, and limits at 95% confidence level are set. Models with neutralinos with masses up to 570 GeV are excluded, while for small neutralino masses models are excluded for stop masses up to 1230 GeV. Scalar (pseudoscalar) dark matter mediator masses as large as 350 (370) GeV are excluded when the coupling strengths of the mediator to Standard Model and dark-matter particles are both set to one. At lower mediator masses, models with production cross-sections as small as 0.15 (0.16) times the nominal predictions are excluded. Results of this search are also used to set constraints on effective four-fermion contact interactions between top quarks and neutrinos. |
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Address |
[Jackson, P.; Potti, H.; Saha, S.; White, M. J.] Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys, Adelaide, SA, Australia |
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Publisher |
Springer |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1029-8479 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:001252773600001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
6249 |
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Author |
Babeluk, M. et al; Lacasta, C.; Marinas, C.; Mazorra de Cos, J.; Vobbilisetti, V. |
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Title |
The OBELIX chip for the Belle II VTX upgrade |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2024 |
Publication |
Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research A |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A |
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Volume |
1067 |
Issue |
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Pages |
169659 - 3pp |
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Keywords |
Belle II; Belle II VTX; CMOS Pixel Sensor; Depleted Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor; DMAPS; Vertex detector; Particle tracking detectors; Radiation-hard detectors; OBELIX; Trigger |
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Abstract |
The OBELIX depleted monolithic active CMOS pixel sensor (DMAPS) is currently developed for the upgrade of the vertex detector of the Belle II experiment located at Tsukuba/Japan. The pixel matrix of OBELIX is inherited from the TJ-Monopix2 chip, but the periphery includes additional features to improve performance and allow the integration into a larger detector system. The new features include a trigger unit to process trigger signals, a precision timing module and a possibility to transmit low granularity hit information with low latency to contribute to the Belle II trigger. Additionally, low dropout voltage regulators and an ADC to monitor power consumption and substrate temperature is developed. This paper will focus on the trigger contribution capabilities of the OBELIX chip. |
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Address |
[Babeluk, M.; Bergauer, T.; Irmler, C.; Kaliyar, A. B.; Pilsl, B.; Schwanda, C.] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Nikolsdorfer Gasse 18, Vienna, Austria, Email: maximilian.babeluk@oeaw.ac.at |
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Elsevier |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0168-9002 |
ISBN |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:001296113100001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
6248 |
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Author |
Silva, J.E.G.; Yesiltas, O.; Furtado, J.; Araujo Filho, A.A. |
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Title |
Strain effects on the electronic properties of a graphene wormhole |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2024 |
Publication |
European Physical Journal Plus |
Abbreviated Journal |
Eur. Phys. J. Plus |
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Volume |
139 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
762 - 16pp |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
In this work, we explore the strain and curvature effects on the electronic properties of a curved graphene structure, called the graphene wormhole. The electron dynamics is described by a massless Dirac fermion containing position-dependent Fermi velocity. In addition, the strain produces a pseudo-magnetic vector potential to the geometric coupling. For an isotropic strain tensor, the decoupled components of the spinor field exhibit a supersymmetric (SUSY) potential, depending on the centrifugal term and the external magnetic field only. In the absence of an external magnetic field, the strain yields an exponentially damped amplitude, whereas the curvature leads to a power-law damping of the wave function. The spin-curvature coupling breaks the chiral symmetry between the upper and the lower spinor component, which leads to the increasing of the wave function on either upper or lower region of the wormhole, i.e., depending on the spin number. By adding a uniform magnetic field, the effective potential exhibits an asymptotic quadratic profile and a spin-curvature barrier near the throat. As a result, the bound states (Landau levels) are confined around the wormhole throat showing an asymmetric and spin-dependent profile. |
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Address |
[Silva, J. E. G.] Univ Fed Ceara, Dept Fis, BR-60455760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil, Email: euclides@fisica.ufc.br; |
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Publisher |
Springer Heidelberg |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Volume |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2190-5444 |
ISBN |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:001297836200001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
6247 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Belle II VTX Collaboration (Babeluk, M. et al).; Marinas, C.; Mazorra de Cos, J. |
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Title |
The DMAPS upgrade of the Belle II vertex detector |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2024 |
Publication |
Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research A |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A |
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Volume |
1064 |
Issue |
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Pages |
169428 - 5pp |
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Keywords |
Belle II; Belle II VTX; CMOS Pixel Sensor; Depleted Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor; DMAPS; Vertex detector; Radiation damage; Particle tracking detectors; Radiation-hard detectors |
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Abstract |
The Belle II experiment at KEK in Japan considers an upgrade for the vertex detector system in line with the accelerator upgrade for higher luminosity at long shutdown 2 planned for 2028. One proposal for the upgrade of the vertex detector called VTX aims to improve background robustness and reduce occupancy using small and fast pixels. VTX accommodates the OBELIX depleted monolithic active CMOS pixel sensor (DMAPS) on all five proposed layers. OBELIX is specifically developed for the VTX application and based on the TJ-Monopix2 chip initially developed to meet the requirements of the outer layers of the ATLAS inner tracker (ITk). This paper will review recent tests of the TJ-Monopix2 chip as well as various design aspects of the OBELIX-1 chip currently under development. |
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Address |
[Babeluk, M.; Bergauer, T.; Finck, C.; Irmler, C.] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, A-1050 Vienna, Austria, Email: maximilian.babeluk@oeaw.ac.at |
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Publisher |
Elsevier |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0168-9002 |
ISBN |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:001304265000001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
6246 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Yu, J.J.; Mollaebrahimi, A.; Ayet, S.; Dickel, T.; Plass, W.R.; Wilsenach, H.; Beck, S.; Ge, Z.; Geissel, H.; Hornung, C.; Jacobs, A.; Kripko-Koncz, G.; Kwiatkowski, A.A.; Narang, M.; Scheidenberger, C.; Sequeira, J.; Walls, C. |
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Title |
A compact ion source combining electron-impact and thermal ionization for multiple-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometry |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2024 |
Publication |
Review of Scientific Instruments |
Abbreviated Journal |
Rev. Sci. Instrum. |
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Volume |
95 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
083309 - 7pp |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
A compact ion source combining electron impact and thermal ionization has been developed and commissioned in two Multiple-Reflection Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (MR-TOF-MS) setups at the Fragment Separator Ion Catcher at the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt, Germany, and at TRIUMF's Ion Trap for Atomic and Nuclear science at TRIUMF Canada's particle accelerator center, Vancouver, Canada. The ion source is notable for its compact dimensions of 50 mm in height and 68 mm in diameter. The ion source is currently in daily operation at both facilities. Design, simulations, and results of combining ions from thermal and electron-impact ionization of different gases (perfluoropropane and sulfur hexafluoride) are presented in this work. The systematic effects of heating power on the thermal source were studied in detail. The source has demonstrated stable and long-term production of reference ions over a wide mass range for the MR-TOF-MS. This versatile ion source has also been used to optimize and investigate the transport of ions with different chemical reactivity and ionization potentials. |
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Address |
[Yu, Jiajun; Dickel, Timo; Plass, Wolfgang R.; Ge, Zhuang; Geissel, Hans; Hornung, Christine; Narang, Meetika; Scheidenberger, Christoph] GSI Helmholtzzentrum Schwerionenforsch, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany, Email: j.yu@gsi.de |
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AIP Publishing |
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English |
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ISSN |
0034-6748 |
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Notes |
WOS:001302922200008 |
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no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
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6245 |
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