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Author (up) Gomez-Cadenas, J.J.; Benlloch-Rodriguez, J.M.; Ferrario, P.
Title Monte Carlo study of the coincidence resolving time of a liquid xenon PET scanner, using Cherenkov radiation Type Journal Article
Year 2017 Publication Journal of Instrumentation Abbreviated Journal J. Instrum.
Volume 12 Issue Pages P08023 - 13pp
Keywords Cherenkov and transition radiation; Gamma camera; SPECT; PET PET/CT; coronary CT angiography (CTA); Noble liquid detectors (scintillation, ionization, double-phase); Photon detectors for UV; visible and IR photons (solid-state) (PIN diodes, APDs, Si-PMTs, G-APDs, CCDs, EBCCDs, EMCCDs etc)
Abstract In this paper we use detailed Monte Carlo simulations to demonstrate that liquid xenon (LXe) can be used to build a Cherenkov-based TOF-PET, with an intrinsic coincidence resolving time (CRT) in the vicinity of 10 ps. This extraordinary performance is due to three facts: a) the abundant emission of Cherenkov photons by liquid xenon; b) the fact that LXe is transparent to Cherenkov light; and c) the fact that the fastest photons in LXe have wavelengths higher than 300 nm, therefore making it possible to separate the detection of scintillation and Cherenkov light. The CRT in a Cherenkov LXe TOF-PET detector is, therefore, dominated by the resolution (time jitter) introduced by the photosensors and the electronics. However, we show that for sufficiently fast photosensors (e.g, an overall 40 ps jitter, which can be achieved by current micro-channel plate photomultipliers) the overall CRT varies between 30 and 55 ps, depending on the detection efficiency. This is still one order of magnitude better than commercial CRT devices and improves by a factor 3 the best CRT obtained with small laboratory prototypes.
Address [Ferrario, P.] CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular IFIC, Calle Catedrat Jose Beltran 2, Valencia 46980, Spain, Email: paola.ferrario@ific.uv.es
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iop Publishing Ltd Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1748-0221 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes WOS:000414160300006 Approved no
Is ISI yes International Collaboration no
Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 3347
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Author (up) Gomez-Cadenas, J.J.; Benlloch-Rodriguez, J.M.; Ferrario, P.; Monrabal, F.; Rodriguez, J.; Toledo, J.F.
Title Investigation of the coincidence resolving time performance of a PET scanner based on liquid xenon: a Monte Carlo study Type Journal Article
Year 2016 Publication Journal of Instrumentation Abbreviated Journal J. Instrum.
Volume 11 Issue Pages P09011 - 18pp
Keywords Gamma camera; SPECT; PET PET/CT; coronary CT angiography (CTA); Instrumentation and methods for time-of-flight (TOF) spectroscopy; Noble liquid detectors (scintillation ionization, double-phase); Scintillators; scintillation and light emission processes (solid, gas and liquid scintillators)
Abstract The measurement of the time of flight of the two 511 keV gammas recorded in coincidence in a PET scanner provides an effective way of reducing the random background and therefore increases the scanner sensitivity, provided that the coincidence resolving time (CRT) of the gammas is sufficiently good. The best commercial PET-TOF system today (based in LYSO crystals and digital SiPMs), is the VEREOS of Philips, boasting a CRT of 316 ps (FWHM). In this paper we present a Monte Carlo investigation of the CRT performance of a PET scanner exploiting the scintillating properties of liquid xenon. We find that an excellent CRT of 70 ps (depending on the PDE of the sensor) can be obtained if the scanner is instrumented with silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) sensitive to the ultraviolet light emitted by xenon. Alternatively, a CRT of 160 ps can be obtained instrumenting the scanner with (much cheaper) blue-sensitive SiPMs coated with a suitable wavelength shifter. These results show the excellent time of flight capabilities of a PET device based in liquid xenon.
Address [Gomez-Cadenas, J. J.; Benlloch-Rodriguez, J. M.; Ferrario, P.; Rodriguez, J.] CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular IFIC, Calle Catedrat Jose Beltran 2, Valencia 46980, Spain, Email: paola.ferrario@ific.uv.es
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iop Publishing Ltd Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1748-0221 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes WOS:000387862300011 Approved no
Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes
Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 2866
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Author (up) Hiti, B.; Cindro, V.; Gorisek, A.; Franks, M.; Marco-Hernandez, R.; Kramberger, G.; Mandic, I.; Mikuz, M.; Powell, S.; Steininger, H.; Vilella, E.; Zavrtanik, M.; Zhang, C.
Title Characterisation of analogue front end and time walk in CMOS active pixel sensor Type Journal Article
Year 2021 Publication Journal of Instrumentation Abbreviated Journal J. Instrum.
Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages P12020 - 12pp
Keywords Charge induction; Radiation-hard detectors; Solid state detectors
Abstract In this work we investigated a method to determine time walk in an active silicon pixel sensor prototype using Edge-TCT with infrared laser charge injection. Samples were investigated before and after neutron irradiation to 5 . 10(14) n(eq)/cm(2). Threshold, noise and calibration of the analogue front end were determined with external charge injection. A spatially sensitive measurement of collected charge and time walk was carried out with Edge-TCT, showing a uniform charge collection and output delay in pixel centre. On pixel edges charge sharing was observed due to finite beam width resulting in smaller signals and larger output delay. Time walk below 25 ns was observed for charge above 2000 e(-) at a threshold above the noise level. Time walk measurement with external charge injection yielded identical results.
Address [Hiti, B.; Cindro, V.; Gorisek, A.; Kramberger, G.; Mandic, I.; Mikuz, M.; Zavrtanik, M.] Jozef Stefan Inst, Jamova Cesta 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Email: bojan.hiti@ijs.si
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher IOP Publishing Ltd Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1748-0221 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes WOS:000758055400055 Approved no
Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes
Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 5138
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Author (up) KM3NeT Collaboration (Adrian-Martinez, S. et al); Barrios-Marti, J.; Calvo, D.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Illuminati, G.; Lotze, M.; Olcina, I.; Real, D.; Sanchez Garcia, A.; Tönnis, C.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J.
Title A method to stabilise the performance of negatively fed KM3NeT photomultipliers Type Journal Article
Year 2016 Publication Journal of Instrumentation Abbreviated Journal J. Instrum.
Volume 11 Issue Pages P12014 - 12pp
Keywords Instrument optimisation; Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics; Neutrino detectors; Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons (gas) (gas-photocathodes, solid-photocathodes)
Abstract The KM3NeT research infrastructure, currently under construction in the Mediterranean Sea, will host neutrino telescopes for the identification of neutrino sources in the Universe and for studies of the neutrino mass hierarchy. These telescopes will house hundreds of thousands of photomultiplier tubes that will have to be operated in a stable and reliable fashion. In this context, the stability of the dark counts has been investigated for photomultiplier tubes with negative high voltage on the photocathode and held in insulating support structures made of 3D printed nylon material. Small gaps between the rigid support structure and the photomultiplier tubes in the presence of electric fields can lead to discharges that produce dark count rates that are highly variable. A solution was found by applying the same insulating varnish as used for the high voltage bases directly to the outside of the photomultiplier tubes. This transparent conformal coating provides a convenient and inexpensive method of insulation.
Address [Albert, A.; Belias, A.; Biagioni, A.; Capone, A.; Coleiro, A.; Cosquer, A.; Creusot, A.; D'Amico, A.; D'Onofrio, A.; Enzenhofer, A.; Grmek, A.; Heijboer, A.; Kappes, A.; Kouchner, A.; Leisos, A.; Miraglia, A.] Accademia Navale Livorno, I-57100 Livorno, Italy, Email: spokesperson@km3net.de
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iop Publishing Ltd Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1748-0221 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes WOS:000395732500014 Approved no
Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes
Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 3041
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Author (up) Kuehn, S. et al; Bernabeu, J.; Lacasta, C.; Marco-Hernandez, R.; Rodriguez Rodriguez, D.; Santoyo, D.; Solaz, C.; Soldevila Serrano, U.
Title Prototyping of petalets for the Phase-II upgrade of the silicon strip tracking detector of the ATLAS experiment Type Journal Article
Year 2018 Publication Journal of Instrumentation Abbreviated Journal J. Instrum.
Volume 13 Issue Pages T03004 - 22pp
Keywords Particle tracking detectors (Solid-state detectors); Si microstrip and pad detectors; Solid state detectors; Performance of High Energy Physics Detectors
Abstract In the high luminosity era of the Large Hadron Collider, the instantaneous luminosity is expected to reach unprecedented values, resulting in about 200 proton-proton interactions in a typical bunch crossing. To cope with the resultant increase in occupancy, bandwidth and radiation damage, the ATLAS Inner Detector will be replaced by an all-silicon system, the Inner Tracker (ITk). The ITk consists of a silicon pixel and a strip detector and exploits the concept of modularity. Prototyping and testing of various strip detector components has been carried out. This paper presents the developments and results obtained with reduced-size structures equivalent to those foreseen to be used in the forward region of the silicon strip detector. Referred to as petalets, these structures are built around a composite sandwich with embedded cooling pipes and electrical tapes for routing the signals and power. Detector modules built using electronic flex boards and silicon strip sensors are glued on both the front and back side surfaces of the carbon structure. Details are given on the assembly, testing and evaluation of several petalets. Measurement results of both mechanical and electrical quantities are shown. Moreover, an outlook is given for improved prototyping plans for large structures.
Address [Kuehn, S.] European Org Nucl Res, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, Email: susanne.kuehn@cern.ch
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iop Publishing Ltd Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1748-0221 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes WOS:000428146400003 Approved no
Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes
Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 3530
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Author (up) Kuehn, S. et al; Bernabeu, J.; Lacasta, C.; Marco-Hernandez, R.; Santoyo, D.; Solaz, C.; Soldevila, U.
Title Prototyping of hybrids and modules for the forward silicon strip tracking detector for the ATLAS Phase-II upgrade Type Journal Article
Year 2017 Publication Journal of Instrumentation Abbreviated Journal J. Instrum.
Volume 12 Issue Pages P05015 - 26pp
Keywords Si microstrip and pad detectors; Particle tracking detectors (Solid-state detectors); Solid state detectors
Abstract For the High-Luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider an increased instantaneous luminosity of up to 7.5 . 10(34) cm(-2) s(-1), leading to a total integrated luminosity of up to 3000 fb(-1), is foreseen. The current silicon and transition radiation tracking detectors of the ATLAS experiment will be unable to cope with the increased track densities and radiation levels, and will need to be replaced. The new tracking detector will consist entirely of silicon pixel and strip detectors. In this paper, results on the development and tests of prototype components for the new silicon strip detector in the forward regions (end-caps) of the ATLAS detector are presented. Flex-printed readout boards with fast readout chips, referred to as hybrids, and silicon detector modules are investigated. The modules consist of a hybrid glued onto a silicon strip sensor. The channels on both are connected via wire-bonds for readout and powering. Measurements of important performance parameters and a comparison of two possible readout schemes are presented. In addition, the assembly procedure is described and recommendations for further prototyping are derived.
Address [Kuehn, S.] CERN, European Org Nucl Res, Expt Phys, Route Meyrin 385, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland, Email: susanne.kuehn@cern.ch
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iop Publishing Ltd Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1748-0221 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes WOS:000405076000015 Approved no
Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes
Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 3221
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Author (up) Loya Villalpando, A.A.; Martin-Albo, J.; Chen, W.T.; Guenette, R.; Lego, C.; Park, J.S.; Capasso, F.
Title Improving the light collection efficiency of silicon photomultipliers through the use of metalenses Type Journal Article
Year 2020 Publication Journal of Instrumentation Abbreviated Journal J. Instrum.
Volume 15 Issue 11 Pages P11021 - 13pp
Keywords Optical detector readout concepts; Solid state detectors; Dark Matter detectors (WIMPS, axions, etc); Double-beta decay detectors
Abstract Metalenses are optical devices that implement nanostructures as phase shifters to focus incident light. Their compactness and simple fabrication make them a potential cost-effective solution for increasing light collection efficiency in particle detectors with limited photosensitive area coverage. Here we report on the characterization and performance of metalenses in increasing the light collection efficiency of silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) of various sizes using an LED of 630 nm, and find a six to seven-fold increase in signal for a 1.3 x 1 3 mm(2) SiPM when coupled with a 10-mm-diameter metalens manufactured using deep ultraviolet stepper lithography. Such improvements could be valuable for future generations of particle detectors, particularly those employed in rare-event searches such as dark matter and neutrinoless double beta decay.
Address [Villalpando, A. A. Loya; Martin-Albo, J.; Guenette, R.; Lego, C.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA, Email: aloyavil@caltech.edu
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iop Publishing Ltd Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1748-0221 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes WOS:000595650800009 Approved no
Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes
Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 4634
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Author (up) Mandic, I.; Cindro, V.; Debevc, J.; Gorisek, A.; Hiti, B.; Kramberger, G.; Skomina, P.; Zavrtanik, M.; Mikuz, M.; Vilella, E.; Zhang, C.; Powell, S.; Franks, M.; Marco-Hernandez, R.; Steininger, H.
Title Study of neutron irradiation effects in Depleted CMOS detector structures Type Journal Article
Year 2022 Publication Journal of Instrumentation Abbreviated Journal J. Instrum.
Volume 17 Issue 3 Pages P03030 - 13pp
Keywords Particle tracking detectors (Solid-state detectors); Si microstrip and pad detectors; Solid state detectors
Abstract In this paper the results of Edge-TCT and I-V measurements with passive test structures made in LFoundry 150 nm HV-CMOS process on p-type substrates with different initial resistivities ranging from 0.5 to 3 k Omega cm are presented. Samples were irradiated with reactor neutrons up to a fluence of 2.10(15) n(eq)/cm(2). The depletion depth was measured with Edge-TCT. The effective space charge concentration N-eff was estimated from the dependence of the depletion depth on bias voltage and studied as a function of neutron fluence. The dependence of N-eff on fluence changes with initial acceptor concentration in agreement with other measurements with p-type silicon. A long term accelerated annealing study of N-eff and detector current up to 1280 minutes at 60 degrees C was made. It was found that N-eff and current in reverse biased detector behave as expected for irradiated silicon.
Address [Mandic, I; Cindro, V; Debevc, J.; Gorisek, A.; Hiti, B.; Kramberger, G.; Skomina, P.; Zavrtanik, M.; Mikuz, M.] Jozef Stefan Inst, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Email: igor.mandic@ijs.si
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher IOP Publishing Ltd Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1748-0221 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes WOS:000784713600004 Approved no
Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes
Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 5208
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Author (up) Muñoz, E.; Barrio, J.; Bemmerer, D.; Etxebeste, A.; Fiedler, F.; Hueso-Gonzalez, F.; Lacasta, C.; Oliver, J.F.; Romer, K.; Solaz, C.; Wagner, L.; Llosa, G.
Title Tests of MACACO Compton telescope with 4.44 MeV gamma rays Type Journal Article
Year 2018 Publication Journal of Instrumentation Abbreviated Journal J. Instrum.
Volume 13 Issue Pages P05007 - 13pp
Keywords Compton imaging; Instrumentation for hadron therapy; Gamma detectors (scintillators, CZT, HPG, HgI etc); Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons (solid state) (PIN diodes, APDs, Si PMTs, G APDs, CCDs, EBCCDs, EMCCDs etc)
Abstract Hadron therapy offers the possibility of delivering a large amount of radiation dose to tumors with minimal absorption by the surrounding healthy tissue. In order to fully exploit the advantages of this technique, the use of real-time beam monitoring devices becomes mandatory. Compton imaging devices can be employed to map the distribution of prompt gamma emission during the treatment and thus assess its correct delivery. The Compton telescope prototype developed at IFIC-Valencia for this purpose is made of three layers of LaBr3 crystals coupled to silicon photomultipliers. The system has been tested in a 4.44 MeV gamma field at the 3 MV Tandetron accelerator at HZDR, Dresden. Images of the target with the system in three different positions separated by 10 mm were successfully reconstructed. This indicates the ability of MACACO for imaging the prompt gamma rays emitted at such energies.
Address [Munoz, E.; Barrio, J.; Etxebeste, A.; Lacasta, C.; Oliver, J. F.; Solaz, C.; Llosa, G.] Univ Valencia, CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, Parque Cient,C Catedrat Jose Beltran 2, E-46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain, Email: Enrique.Munoz@ific.uv.es
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iop Publishing Ltd Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1748-0221 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes WOS:000431716900001 Approved no
Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes
Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 3575
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Author (up) NEXT Collaboration (Alvarez, V. et al); Ball, M.; Carcel, S.; Cervera-Villanueva, A.; Diaz, J.; Ferrario, P.; Gil, A.; Gomez-Cadenas, J.J.; Laing, A.; Liubarsky, I.; Lorca, D.; Martin-Albo, J.; Martinez, A.; Monrabal, F.; Muñoz Vidal, J.; Nebot-Guinot, M.; Rodriguez, J.; Serra, L.; Simon, A.; Sorel, M.; Yahlali, N.
Title Design and characterization of the SiPM tracking system of NEXT-DEMO, a demonstrator prototype of the NEXT-100 experiment Type Journal Article
Year 2013 Publication Journal of Instrumentation Abbreviated Journal J. Instrum.
Volume 8 Issue Pages T05002 - 18pp
Keywords Time projection Chambers (TPC); Gaseous imaging and tracking detectors; Photon detectors for UV; visible and IR photons (solid-state); Particle tracking detectors (Solid-state detectors)
Abstract NEXT-100 experiment aims at searching the neutrinoless double-beta decay of the Xe-136 isotope using a TPC filled with a 100 kg of high-pressure gaseous xenon, with 90% isotopic enrichment. The experiment will take place at the Laboratorio Subterraneo de Canfranc (LSC), Spain. NEXT-100 uses electroluminescence (EL) technology for energy measurement with a resolution better than 1% FWHM. The gaseous xenon in the TPC additionally allows the tracks of the two beta particles to be recorded, which are expected to have a length of up to 30 cm at 10 bar pressure. The ability to record the topological signature of the beta beta 0 nu events provides a powerful background rejection factor for the beta beta experiment. In this paper, we present a novel 3D imaging concept using SiPMs coated with tetraphenyl butadiene (TPB) for the EL read out and its first implementation in NEXT-DEMO, a large-scale prototype of the NEXT-100 experiment. The design and the first characterization measurements of the NEXT-DEMO SiPM tracking system are presented. The SiPM response uniformity over the tracking plane drawn from its gain map is shown to be better than 4%. An automated active control system for the stabilization of the SiPMs gain was developed, based on the voltage supply compensation of the gain drifts. The gain is shown to be stabilized within 0.2% relative variation around its nominal value, provided by Hamamatsu, in a temperature range of 10 degrees C. The noise level from the electronics and the SiPM dark noise is shown to lay typically below the level of 10 photoelectrons (pe) in the ADC. Hence, a detection threshold at 10 pe is set for the acquisition of the tracking signals. The ADC full dynamic range (4096 channels) is shown to be adequate for signal levels of up to 200 pe/mu s, which enables recording most of the tracking signals.
Address [Alvarez, V.; Ball, M.; Carcel, S.; Cervera, A.; Diaz, J.; Ferrario, P.; Gil, A.; Gomez-Cadenas, J. J.; Laing, A.; Liubarsky, I.; Lorca, D.; Martin-Albo, J.; Martinez, A.; Monrabal, F.; Munoz Vidal, J.; Nebot-Guinot, M.; Rodriguez, J.; Serra, L.; Simon, A.; Sorel, M.; Yahlali, N.] CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular IFIC, Valencia 46980, Spain, Email: gomez@mail.cern.ch;
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iop Publishing Ltd Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1748-0221 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes WOS:000320726000037 Approved no
Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes
Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 1514
Permanent link to this record