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Ankowski, A. M. et al, & Alvarez-Ruso, L. (2023). Electron scattering and neutrino physics. J. Phys. G, 50(12), 120501–34pp.
Abstract: A thorough understanding of neutrino-nucleus scattering physics is crucial for the successful execution of the entire US neutrino physics program. Neutrino-nucleus interaction constitutes one of the biggest systematic uncertainties in neutrino experiments-both at intermediate energies affecting long-baseline deep underground neutrino experiment, as well as at low energies affecting coherent scattering neutrino program-and could well be the difference between achieving or missing discovery level precision. To this end, electron-nucleus scattering experiments provide vital information to test, assess and validate different nuclear models and event generators intended to test, assess and validate different nuclear models and event generators intended to be used in neutrino experiments. Similarly, for the low-energy neutrino program revolving around the coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) physics at stopped pion sources, such as at ORNL, the main source of uncertainty in the evaluation of the CEvNS cross section is driven by the underlying nuclear structure, embedded in the weak form factor, of the target nucleus. To this end, parity-violating electron scattering (PVES) experiments, utilizing polarized electron beams, provide vital model-independent information in determining weak form factors. This information is vital in achieving a percent level precision needed to disentangle new physics signals from the standard model expected CEvNS rate. In this white paper, we highlight connections between electron- and neutrino-nucleus scattering physics at energies ranging from 10 s of MeV to a few GeV, review the status of ongoing and planned electron scattering experiments, identify gaps, and lay out a path forward that benefits the neutrino community. We also highlight the systemic challenges with respect to the divide between the nuclear and high-energy physics communities and funding that presents additional hurdles in mobilizing these connections to the benefit of neutrino programs.
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Belen Galan, M., Alvarez-Ruso, L., Rafi Alam, M., Ruiz Simo, I., & Vicente Vacas, M. J. (2024). Cabibbo suppressed hyperon production off nuclei induced by antineutrinos. Phys. Rev. D, 109(3), 033001–13pp.
Abstract: In this work, we study the production of E and A hyperons in strangeness -changing AS = -1 chargedcurrent interactions of muon antineutrinos on nuclear targets. At the nucleon level, besides quasielastic scattering, we consider the inelastic mechanism in which a pion is produced alongside the hyperon. Its relevance for antineutrinos with energies below 2 GeV is conveyed in integrated and differential cross sections. We observe that the distributions on the angle between the hyperon and the final lepton are clearly different for quasielastic and inelastic processes. Hyperon final -state interactions, modeled with an intranuclear cascade, lead to a significant transfer from primary produced E's into final A's. They also cause considerable energy loss, which is apparent in hyperon energy distributions. We have investigated A production off 40Ar in the conditions of the recently reported MicroBooNE measurement. We find that the A pi contribution, dominated by E*(1385) excitation, accounts for about one third of the cross section.
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GENIE Collaboration(Alvarez-Ruso, L. et al). (2021). Recent highlights from GENIE v3. Eur. Phys. J.-Spec. Top., 230, 4449–4467.
Abstract: The release of GENIE v3.0.0 was a major milestone in the long history of the GENIE project, delivering several alternative comprehensive neutrino interaction models, improved charged-lepton scattering simulations, a range of beyond the Standard Model simulation capabilities, improved experimental interfaces, expanded core framework capabilities, and advanced new frameworks for the global analysis of neutrino scattering data and tuning of neutrino interaction models. Steady progress continued following the release of GENIE v3.0.0. New tools and a large number of new physics models, comprehensive model configurations, and tunes have been made publicly available and planned for release in v3.2.0. This article highlights some of the most recent technical and physics developments in the GENIE v3 series.
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Ren, X. L., Alvarez-Ruso, L., Geng, L. S., Ledwig, T., Meng, J., & Vicente Vacas, M. J. (2017). Consistency between SU(3) and SU(2) covariant baryon chiral perturbation theory for the nucleon mass. Phys. Lett. B, 766, 325–333.
Abstract: Treating the strange quark mass as a heavy scale compared to the light quark mass, we perform a matching of the nucleon mass in the SU(3) sector to the two-flavor case in covariant baryon chiral perturbation theory. The validity of the 19low-energy constants appearing in the octet baryon masses up to next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order[1] is supported by comparing the effective parameters (the combinations of the 19couplings) with the corresponding low-energy constants in the SU(2) sector[2]. In addition, it is shown that the dependence of the effective parameters and the pion-nucleon sigma term on the strange quark mass is relatively weak around its physical value, thus providing support to the assumption made in Ref.[2] that the SU(2) baryon chiral perturbation theory can be applied to study n(f) = 2 + 1lattice QCD simulations as long as the strange quark mass is close to its physical value.
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Ren, X. L., Oset, E., Alvarez-Ruso, L., & Vicente Vacas, M. J. (2015). Antineutrino induced Lambda(1405) production off the proton. Phys. Rev. C, 91(4), 045201–11pp.
Abstract: We have studied the strangeness-changing antineutrino-induced reactions (v) over bar (l)p -> l(+)phi B, with phi B = K(-)p, (K) over bar (0)n, pi(0)Lambda, pi(0)Sigma(0), eta Lambda, eta Sigma(0), pi(+)Sigma(-), pi(-)Sigma(+), K+Xi(-), and K-0 Xi(0), using a chiral unitary approach. These ten coupled channels are allowed to interact strongly, using a kernel derived from the chiral Lagrangians. This interaction generates two Lambda(1405) poles, leading to a clear single peak in the pi Sigma invariant mass distributions. At backward scattering angles in the center-of-mass frame, (nu) over bar (mu)p -> mu(+)pi(0)Sigma(0) is dominated by the Lambda(1405) state at around 1420 MeV while the lighter state becomes relevant as the angle decreases, leading to an asymmetric line shape. In addition, there are substantial differences in the shape of pi Sigma invariant mass distributions for the three charge channels. If observed, these differences would provide valuable information on a claimed isospin I = 1, strangeness S = -1 baryonic state around 1400 MeV. Integrated cross sections have been obtained for the pi Sigma and (K) over barN channels and the impact of unitarization in the results has been investigated. The number of events with Lambda(1405) excitation in (nu) over bar μp collisions in the recent antineutrino run at the Main Injector Experiment for nu-A (MINER nu A) has also been obtained. We find that this reaction channel is relevant enough to be investigated experimentally and to be taken into account in the simulation models of future experiments with antineutrino beams.
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