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Olivares Herrador, J., Latina, A., Aksoy, A., Fuster Martinez, N., Gimeno, B., & Esperante, D. (2024). Implementation of the beam-loading effect in the tracking code RF-track based on a power-diffusive model. Front. Physics, 12, 1348042–11pp.
Abstract: The need to achieve high energies in particle accelerators has led to the development of new accelerator technologies, resulting in higher beam intensities and more compact devices with stronger accelerating fields. In such scenarios, beam-loading effects occur, and intensity-dependent gradient reduction affects the accelerated beam as a consequence of its interaction with the surrounding cavity. In this study, a power-diffusive partial differential equation is derived to account for this effect. Its numerical resolution has been implemented in the tracking code RF-Track, allowing the simulation of apparatuses where transient beam loading plays an important role. Finally, measurements of this effect have been carried out in the CERN Linear Electron Accelerator for Research (CLEAR) facility at CERN, finding good agreement with the RF-Track simulations.
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Olivares Herrador, J., Wroe, L. M., Latina, A., Corsini, R., Wuensch, W., Stapnes, S., et al. (2026). Feasibility of High-Intensity Electron Linacs as Drivers for Compact Neutron Sources. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., 73(1), 2–11.
Abstract: The increasing demand for neutron production facilities is driven both by the growing use of neutrons in a wide range of applications and by the progressive shutdown of major existing sources. These trends highlight the need for efficient and compact alternatives to traditional spallation and reactor-based systems. In this context, the present work investigates the potential of normal-conducting compact electron linacs, operating in the energy range of 20-500 MeV, as drivers for neutron generation. Using detailed G4beamline simulations, the optimal dimensions of a tungsten target are determined, and the resulting neutron emission spectrum is characterized. Two electron linac designs are evaluated as drivers for such a target: the HPCI X-band linac and the CTF3 drive-beam S-band linac. The study demonstrates that neutron source strengths up to 1.5 x 10(15) n/s can be achieved, with energy consumption per neutron produced as low as 5.6 x 10-(10) J/n. These findings suggest that electron-linac-based neutron sources offer a compact and energy-efficient solution suitable for a wide range of applications in research, industry, and medicine.
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