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Ahyoune, S. et al, Gimeno, B., & Reina-Valero, J. (2023). A Proposal for a Low-Frequency Axion Search in the 1-2 μeV Range and Below with the BabyIAXO Magnet. Ann. Phys., 535(12), 2300326–23pp.
Abstract: In the near future BabyIAXO will be the most powerful axion helioscope, relying on a custom-made magnet of two bores of 70 cm diameter and 10 m long, with a total available magnetic volume of more than 7 m(3). In this document, it proposes and describe the implementation of low-frequency axion haloscope setups suitable for operation inside the BabyIAXO magnet. The RADES proposal has a potential sensitivity to the axion-photon coupling g(alpha gamma) down to values corresponding to the KSVZ model, in the (currently unexplored) mass range between 1 and 2 μeV, after a total effective exposure of 440 days. This mass range is covered by the use of four differently dimensioned 5-meter-long cavities, equipped with a tuning mechanism based on inner turning plates. A setup like the one proposed will also allow an exploration of the same mass range for hidden photons coupled to photons. An additional complementary apparatus is proposed using LC circuits and exploring the low energy range (approximate to 10(-4)-10(-1)mu eV). The setup includes a cryostat and cooling system to cool down the BabyIAXO bore down to about 5 K, as well as an appropriate low-noise signal amplification and detection chain.
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Aja, B. et al, & Gimeno, B. (2022). The Canfranc Axion Detection Experiment (CADEx): search for axions at 90 GHz with Kinetic Inductance Detectors. J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 11(11), 044–29pp.
Abstract: We propose a novel experiment, the Canfranc Axion Detection Experiment (CADEx), to probe dark matter axions with masses in the range 330-460 μeV, within the W-band (80-110 GHz), an unexplored parameter space in the well-motivated dark matter window of Quantum ChromoDynamics (QCD) axions. The experimental design consists of a microwave resonant cavity haloscope in a high static magnetic field coupled to a highly sensitive detecting system based on Kinetic Inductance Detectors via optimized quasi-optics (horns and mirrors). The experiment is in preparation and will be installed in the dilution refrigerator of the Canfranc Underground Laboratory. Sensitivity forecasts for axion detection with CADEx, together with the potential of the experiment to search for dark photons, are presented.
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Ardu, M., Calibbi, L., Fedele, M., & Mescia, F. (2026). ALP production in lepton flavour violating meson, tau and gauge boson decays. J. High Energy Phys., 08(8), 217–36pp.
Abstract: In this paper we study axion-like particles (ALPs) with lepton-flavour-violating (LFV) couplings in the mass regime above the muon threshold, m(a) > m(mu), where the strong bound from the exotic muon decay μ-> ea no longer apply and the decay channel a -> e μbecomes kinematically accessible. In this region, the ALP typically decays promptly, motivating new search strategies based on its production in decays involving virtual muons. We analyse charged-meson and W decays, neutral-current processes such as Z and quarkonium decays, and, when couplings to the third generation are present, LFV tau decays. The subsequent decay a -> e μleads to striking LFV signatures with negligible Standard Model backgrounds. Combining these production modes with current low-energy constraints, we assess the sensitivity of future high-energy e (+) e (-) colliders, flavour factories such as Belle II and STCF, fixed-target experiments such as NA62, and proton beam-dump facilities such as SHiP. Overall, our results identify LFV ALP production in meson, gauge-boson, quarkonium and tau decays (with displaced vertices) as a promising and largely unexplored avenue to test ALP interactions with charged leptons above the muon mass threshold.
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ATLAS Collaboration(Aad, G. et al), Ahuja, S., Aikot, A., Cabrera Urban, S., Cantero, J., Carrion Martinez, C., et al. (2026). Missing-mass search in forward-proton-tagged dilepton events with the ATLAS detector. J. High Energy Phys., 07(7), 236–55pp.
Abstract: A search is conducted in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider for photon-induced production pp -> pp + gamma gamma, (gamma gamma -> V X) of a visible particle V decaying into a pair of same-flavour charged leptons (e(+)e(-) or mu(+)mu(-)) and an undetected invisible component X. Measurements of the outgoing proton energies by the ATLAS forward proton spectrometer allow the full photon-photon four-momentum to be reconstructed. By subtracting the visible four-momentum of the central system measured with the ATLAS detector, the “missing mass” of any event components not detected in the central region can be reconstructed, enabling the reconstruction of X without knowing its properties, thus allowing the search to be model-independent. A search for a narrow resonance is performed in the missing-mass spectrum between 100 GeV and 900 GeV. The analysis uses data collected in 2017 from proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of root s = 13TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 14.7 fb(-1). No significant excess over the Standard Model expectation is observed and upper limits at 95% confidence level are set on the fiducial cross sections for three different signal models in the range between 128 and 2.5 fb. Additionally, model-independent limits are set on the visible cross section of BSM processes, for two sets of selection criteria. Both individual lepton flavour decay channels of the visible boson and a combination of the two channels are considered.
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Baeza-Ballesteros, J., Figueroa, D. G., Florio, A., Lizarraga, J., Loayza, N., Marschall, K., et al. (2026). The art of simulating the early Universe. Part II. Non-canonical cases & gravitational waves. J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 06(6), 087–119pp.
Abstract: We present a discussion on lattice techniques for the simulation of non-canonical field theory circumstances, complementing our previous monograph [1] on canonical cases. We begin by reviewing basic aspects of lattice field theory, including symplectic and nonsymplectic evolution algorithms. We then introduce lattice implementations of non-canonical interactions, considering scalars with a non-minimal coupling to gravity, phi 2R, non-minimal scalar kinetic theories, Gab({phi c})partial derivative & micro;phi a partial derivative & micro;phi b, and axion-like particle (ALP) interactions with Abelian gauge fields, phi F & micro;nu F & micro;nu. Next, we discuss methods to set up special field configurations, including the creation of cosmic defect networks towards scaling (e.g. cosmic strings and domain walls), field configurations based on arbitrary power spectra or spatial profiles, and probabilistic methods as required e.g. for thermal configurations. We further extend the notion of non-canonical theories, discussing the discretization of scalar field dynamics in d + 1 dimensions, with d =/ 3. Unrelated to non-canonical aspects, we also discuss implementation(s) of gravitational wave (GW) dynamics on the lattice. This document represents the theoretical basis for the non-canonical field theory aspects (interactions, initial conditions, dimensionality) and GW dynamics implemented in CosmoLattice v2.0 to be released in 2026.
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