Abstract: Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) is a powerful technique for imaging and spectroscopy, in particular in chemistry and biology. By introducing a full quantum description, we determine the ultimate quantum limits of precision and optimal strategies to approach them within the rigorous framework offered by quantum metrology. This approach reveals optimal uses of squeezed states, and the possibility of enhancing the resolution beyond recent experiments. Our work establishes a basis for approaching quantum precision limits in SRS and integrating nonlinear spectroscopy and imaging with emerging quantum technologies.