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ATLAS Collaboration(Aad, G. et al), Aikot, A., Amos, K. R., Bouchhar, N., Cabrera Urban, S., Cantero, J., et al. (2026). Characterization of nuclear breakup as a function of hard-scattering kinematics using dijets measured by ATLAS in p plus Pb collisions. Phys. Lett. B, 877, 140440–18pp.
Abstract: This Letter analyzes the sensitivity of event geometry estimators to the initial-state kinematics of hard scattering in proton-lead collisions. This analysis uses dijets as a proxy for the parton-parton scattering configuration, correlating it with event geometry estimators, namely the energy deposited in the Zero-Degree Calorimeter and the transverse energy recorded in the Forward Calorimeter in the Pb-going direction. The analysis uses data recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider with a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 56 nb(-1). The jets are measured within the pseudorapidity interval -2.8 < eta < 4.5, where positive eta values correspond to the direction of the proton beam. Results are presented as a function of the Bjorken-x of the parton originating from the proton, x(p). Both event geometry estimators are found to be dependent on x(p), with the energy deposited in the Zero-Degree Calorimeter about six times less sensitive to x(p) compared with the transverse energy deposited in the Forward Calorimeter.
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Hidalgo-Duque, C., & Llanes-Estrada, F. J. (2015). Soft interactions in jet quenching. Int. J. Mod. Phys. A, 30(13), 1550067–25pp.
Abstract: We study the collisional aspects of jet quenching in a high-energy nuclear collision, especially in the final state pion gas. The jet has a large energy, and acquires momentum transverse to its axis more effectively by multiple soft collisions than by few hard scatterings (as known from analogous systems such as J/psi production at Hera). Such regime of large E and small momentum transfer corresponds to Regge kinematics and is characteristically dominated by the pomeron. From this insight we estimate the jet quenching parameter in the hadron medium (largely a pion gas) at the end of the collision, which is naturally small and increases with temperature in line with the gas density and compare it to the jet quenching parameter obtained within the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) phase in widely known perturbative approximations. The physics in the quark-gluon plasma/liquid phase is less obvious, and here we revisit a couple of simple estimates that suggest indeed that the pomeron-mediated interactions are very relevant and should be included in analysis of the jet quenching parameter. Finally, since the occasional hard collisions produce features characteristic of a Levy flight in the q(perpendicular to)(2) plane perpendicular to the jet axis, we suggest one- and two-particle q perpendicular to correlations as interesting experimental probes sensitive to the nature (softness versus hardness) of the interactions of a jet inside the QGP.
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