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Affolder, A. et al, Garcia, C., Lacasta, C., Marco, R., Marti-Garcia, S., Miñano, M., et al. (2011). Silicon detectors for the sLHC. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, 658(1), 11–16.
Abstract: In current particle physics experiments, silicon strip detectors are widely used as part of the inner tracking layers. A foreseeable large-scale application for such detectors consists of the luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the super-LHC or sLHC, where silicon detectors with extreme radiation hardness are required. The mission statement of the CERN RD50 Collaboration is the development of radiation-hard semiconductor devices for very high luminosity colliders. As a consequence, the aim of the R&D programme presented in this article is to develop silicon particle detectors able to operate at sLHC conditions. Research has progressed in different areas, such as defect characterisation, defect engineering and full detector systems. Recent results from these areas will be presented. This includes in particular an improved understanding of the macroscopic changes of the effective doping concentration based on identification of the individual microscopic defects, results from irradiation with a mix of different particle types as expected for the sLHC, and the observation of charge multiplication effects in heavily irradiated detectors at very high bias voltages.
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Korichi, A., Lauritsen, T., Wilson, A. N., Dudouet, J., Clement, E., Lalovic, N., et al. (2017). Performance of a gamma-ray tracking array: Characterizing the AGATA array using a Co-60 source. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, 872, 80–86.
Abstract: The AGATA (Advanced GAmma Tracking Array) tracking detector is being designed to far surpass the performance of the previous generation, Compton-suppressed arrays. In this paper, a characterization of AGATA is provided based on data from the second GSI campaign. Emphasis is placed on the proper corrections required to extract the absolute photopeak efficiency and peak-to-total ratio. The performance after tracking is extracted and GEANT4 simulations are used both to understand the results and to scale the measurements up to predicted values for the full 4 pi implementation of the device.
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Lauritsen, T. et al, & Perez-Vidal, R. M. (2016). Characterization of a gamma-ray tracking array: A comparison of GRETINA and Gammasphere using a Co-60 source. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, 836, 46–56.
Abstract: In this paper; we provide a formalism for the characterization of tracking arrays with emphasis on the proper corrections required to extract their photopeak efficiencies and peak-to-total ratios. The methods are first applied to Gammasphere, a well characterized 4 pi array based on the principle of Compton suppression, and subsequently to GRETINA. The tracking efficiencies are then discussed and some guidelines as to what clustering angle to use in the tracking algorithm are presented. It was possible, using GEANT4 simulations, to scale the measured efficiencies up to the expected values for the full 4 pi implementation of GRETA.
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Martinez-Lopez, E., Fuster-Martinez, N., Boronat, M., Grudiev, A., Gimeno, B., Gonzalez-Iglesias, D., et al. (2026). RF design of 3 GHz SCDTL structures for ion beams in medical accelerators. Nucl. Eng. Technol., 58(8), 104361–11pp.
Abstract: Linear accelerators provide significant advantages for hadron therapy, including fast energy modulation and reduced activation compared to circular machines. Although Side-Coupled Drift Tube LINACs (SCDTLs) are commonly integrated into the injector designs of such accelerators due to their compactness and efficiency, a detailed and systematic radio-frequency (RF) design and optimization framework focusing on their electromagnetic characteristics, RF efficiency, and achievable accelerating gradients is notably absent in existing literature. This study introduces a thorough approach to the RF design and optimization of a 3 GHz SCDTL structure, presented as a representative study for ion acceleration in medical applications, based on standard design parameters for such systems. By carefully refining the geometry of both accelerating and side-coupling cavities, as well as fine-tuning the coupling system, the work achieves maximized effective shunt impedance and achievable acceleration voltage, while ensuring compliance with limits on the maximum surface electric field and the modified Poynting vector. The findings provide a clear pathway to balance compact design and RF efficiency, contributing to the advancement of practical and high-performance 3 GHz SCDTL implementations in hadron therapy LINACs.
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Olivares Herrador, J., Wroe, L. M., Latina, A., Corsini, R., Wuensch, W., Stapnes, S., et al. (2026). Feasibility of High-Intensity Electron Linacs as Drivers for Compact Neutron Sources. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., 73(1), 2–11.
Abstract: The increasing demand for neutron production facilities is driven both by the growing use of neutrons in a wide range of applications and by the progressive shutdown of major existing sources. These trends highlight the need for efficient and compact alternatives to traditional spallation and reactor-based systems. In this context, the present work investigates the potential of normal-conducting compact electron linacs, operating in the energy range of 20-500 MeV, as drivers for neutron generation. Using detailed G4beamline simulations, the optimal dimensions of a tungsten target are determined, and the resulting neutron emission spectrum is characterized. Two electron linac designs are evaluated as drivers for such a target: the HPCI X-band linac and the CTF3 drive-beam S-band linac. The study demonstrates that neutron source strengths up to 1.5 x 10(15) n/s can be achieved, with energy consumption per neutron produced as low as 5.6 x 10-(10) J/n. These findings suggest that electron-linac-based neutron sources offer a compact and energy-efficient solution suitable for a wide range of applications in research, industry, and medicine.
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