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Ikeno, N., Kimura, R., Yamagata-Sekihara, J., Nagahiro, H., Jido, D., Itahashi, K., et al. (2011). Precision Spectroscopy of Deeply Bound Pionic Atoms and Partial Restoration of Chiral Symmetry in Medium. Prog. Theor. Phys., 126(3), 483–509.
Abstract: We study theoretically the formation spectra of deeply bound pionic atoms expected to be observed by experiments with high energy resolution at RIBF/RIKEN, and we discuss in detail the possibilities to extract new information on the pion properties at finite density from the observed spectra, which may provide information on partial restoration of chiral symmetry in medium. We find that the non-yrast pionic states such as 2s are expected to be seen in the (d,(3)He) spectra, which will be helpful to reduce uncertainties of the theoretical calculations in the neutron wave functions in nucleus. The observation of the 2s state with the ground is state is also helpful to reduce the experimental uncertainties associated in the calibration of the absolute excitation energy. We find that the nuclear densities probed by atomic pions are quite stable and almost constant for various atomic states and various nuclei. Effects of the pion wave function renormalization to the formation spectra are also evaluated.
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Tani, A., Ikeno, N., Jido, D., Nagahiro, H., Fujioka, H., Itahashi, K., et al. (2021). Structure of double pionic atoms. Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys., 2021(3), 033D02–16pp.
Abstract: We study theoretically the structure of double pionic atoms, in which two negatively charged pions (pi(-)) are bound in the atomic orbits. The double pionic atom is considered to be an interesting system from the point of view of the multi-bosonic systems. In addition, it could be possible to deduce valuable information on the isospin I = 2 pi pi interaction and the pionnucleus strong interaction. In this paper, we take into account the pi pi strong and electromagnetic interactions, and evaluate the effects on the binding energies by perturbation theory for the double pionic atoms in heavy nuclei. We investigate several combinations of two pionic states and find that the order of magnitude of the energy shifts due to the pi pi interaction is around 10 keV for the strong interaction and around 100 keV for the electromagnetic interaction for the ground states.
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