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Di Mauro, M., Fornengo, N., Jueid, A., Ruiz de Austri, R., & Bellini, F. (2025). Nailing Down the Theoretical Uncertainties of D Spectrum Produced from Dark Matter. Phys. Rev. Lett., 135(13), 131002–7pp.
Abstract: The detection of cosmic antideuterons (D) at kinetic energies below a few GeV/n could provide a smoking gun signature for dark matter (DM). However, the theoretical uncertainties of coalescence models have represented so far one of the main limiting factors for precise predictions of the D flux. In this Letter, we present a novel calculation of the D source spectra, based on the Wigner formalism, for which we implement the Argonne v18 antideuteron wave function that does not have any free parameters related to the coalescence process. We show that the Argonne-Wigner model excellently reproduces the D multiplicity measured by ALEPH at the Z-boson pole, which is usually adopted to tune the coalescence models based on different approaches. Our analysis is based on the Pythia 8 Monte Carlo event generator and the state-of-the-art shower algorithm. We succeed, with our model, to reduce the current theoretical uncertainty on the prediction of the D source spectra to a few percent, for D kinetic energies relevant to DM searches with the General Antiparticle Spectrometer and Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, and for DM masses above a few tens of GeV. This result implies that the theoretical uncertainties due to the coalescence process are no longer the main limiting factor in the predictions. We provide the tabulated source spectra for all the relevant DM annihilation and decay channels and DM masses between 5 and 100 TeV, on the CosmiXs GitHub repository.
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Piersanti, L., Bellini, F., Bini, F., Collamati, F., De Lucia, E., Durante, M., et al. (2014). Measurement of charged particle yields from PMMA irradiated by a 220 MeV/u C-12 beam. Phys. Med. Biol., 59(7), 1857–1872.
Abstract: The radiation used in hadrontherapy treatments interacts with the patient body producing secondary particles, either neutral or charged, that can be used for dose and Bragg peak monitoring and to provide a fast feedback on the treatment plans. Recent results obtained from the authors on simplified setups (mono-energetic primary beams interacting with homogeneous tissue like target) have already indicated the correlation that exists between the flux of these secondaries coming from the target (e.g. protons and photons) and the position of the primary beam Bragg peak. In this paper, the measurements of charged particle fluxes produced by the interaction of a 220 MeV/u carbon ion beam at GSI, Darmstadt, with a polymethyl methacrylate target are reported. The emission region of protons (p), deuterons (d) and tritons (t) has been characterized using a drift chamber while the particle time-of-flight, used to compute the kinetic energy spectra, was measured with a LYSO scintillator.The energy released in the LYSO crystal was used for particle identification purposes. The measurements were repeated with the setup at 60 degrees and 90 degrees with respect to the primary beam direction. The accuracy on the fragments emission profile reconstruction and its relationship with the Bragg peak position have been studied. Based on the acquired experimental evidence, a method to monitor the dose profile and the position of the Bragg peak inside the target is proposed.
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