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Author  |
AbdusSalam, S.S. et al; Eberhardt, O. |
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Title |
Simple and statistically sound recommendations for analysing physical theories |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Reports on Progress in Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Rep. Prog. Phys. |
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Volume |
85 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
052201 - 11pp |
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Keywords |
particle physics; statistics; methodology |
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Abstract |
Physical theories that depend on many parameters or are tested against data from many different experiments pose unique challenges to statistical inference. Many models in particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology fall into one or both of these categories. These issues are often sidestepped with statistically unsound ad hoc methods, involving intersection of parameter intervals estimated by multiple experiments, and random or grid sampling of model parameters. Whilst these methods are easy to apply, they exhibit pathologies even in low-dimensional parameter spaces, and quickly become problematic to use and interpret in higher dimensions. In this article we give clear guidance for going beyond these procedures, suggesting where possible simple methods for performing statistically sound inference, and recommendations of readily-available software tools and standards that can assist in doing so. Our aim is to provide any physicists lacking comprehensive statistical training with recommendations for reaching correct scientific conclusions, with only a modest increase in analysis burden. Our examples can be reproduced with the code publicly available at Zenodo. |
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[AbdusSalam, Shehu S.; Fowlie, Andrew] Shahid Beheshti Univ, Dept Phys, Tehran, Iran, Email: andrew.j.fowlie@njnu.edu.cn |
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IOP Publishing Ltd |
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0034-4885 |
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Notes |
WOS:000791574900001 |
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no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
5221 |
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Author |
Alekhin, S. et al; Hernandez, P. |
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Title |
A facility to search for hidden particles at the CERN SPS: the SHiP physics case |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Reports on Progress in Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Rep. Prog. Phys. |
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Volume |
79 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
124201 - 137pp |
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Keywords |
beyond the standard model physics; intensity frontier experiment; hidden sectors; heavy neutral leptons; dark photons |
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Abstract |
This paper describes the physics case for a new fixed target facility at CERN SPS. The SHiP (search for hidden particles) experiment is intended to hunt for new physics in the largely unexplored domain of very weakly interacting particles with masses below the Fermi scale, inaccessible to the LHC experiments, and to study tau neutrino physics. The same proton beam setup can be used later to look for decays of tau-leptons with lepton flavour number non-conservation, tau -> 3 μand to search for weakly-interacting sub-GeV dark matter candidates. We discuss the evidence for physics beyond the standard model and describe interactions between new particles and four different portals-scalars, vectors, fermions or axion-like particles. We discuss motivations for different models, manifesting themselves via these interactions, and how they can be probed with the SHiP experiment and present several case studies. The prospects to search for relatively light SUSY and composite particles at SHiP are also discussed. We demonstrate that the SHiP experiment has a unique potential to discover new physics and can directly probe a number of solutions of beyond the standard model puzzles, such as neutrino masses, baryon asymmetry of the Universe, dark matter, and inflation. |
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[Alekhin, Sergey] DESY, Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany, Email: oleg.ruchayskiy@cern.ch |
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Iop Publishing Ltd |
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0034-4885 |
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WOS:000387025400001 |
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no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
2852 |
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Author |
ATLAS Collaboration (Aad, G. et al); Aikot, A.; Amos, K.R.; Bouchhar, N.; Cabrera Urban, S.; Cantero, J.; Castillo Gimenez, V.; Chitishvili, M.; Costa, M.J.; Curcio, F.; Didenko, M.; Escobar, C.; Fiorini, L.; Fuster, J.; Garcia, C.; Garcia Navarro, J.E.; Gomez Delegido, A.J.; Gonzalez de la Hoz, S.; Hofer, J.; Lacasta, C.; Lanzac Berrocal, M.; Marti-Garcia, S.; Martinez Agullo, P.; Melini, D.; Mitsou, V.A.; Monsonis Romero, L.; Moreno Llacer, M.; Munoz Perez, D.; Navarro-Gonzalez, J.; Poveda, J.; Rubio Jimenez, A.; Ruiz-Martinez, A.; Saibel, A.; Salt, J.; Sanchez Sebastian, V.; Senthilkumar, V.; Soldevila, U.; Sanchez, J.; Torro Pastor, E.; Valero, A.; Valiente Moreno, E.; Valls Ferrer, J.A.; Varriale, L.; Villaplana Perez, M.; Vos, M.; Zakareishvili, T. |
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Title |
Measurement of off-shell Higgs boson production in the H*→ZZ→4l decay channel using a neural simulation-based inference technique in 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2025 |
Publication |
Reports on Progress in Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Rep. Prog. Phys. |
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Volume |
88 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
057803 - 38pp |
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Keywords |
machine learning; likelihood-free inference; neural simulation-based inference; parameter inference; frequentist statistics |
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Abstract |
A measurement of off-shell Higgs boson production in the H*-> ZZ -> 4l decay channel is presented. The measurement uses 140 fb-1 of proton-proton collisions at s=13 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider and supersedes the previous result in this decay channel using the same dataset. The data analysis is performed using a neural simulation-based inference method, which builds per-event likelihood ratios using neural networks. The observed (expected) off-shell Higgs boson production signal strength in the ZZ -> 4l decay channel at 68% CL is 0.87-0.54+0.75 ( 1.00-0.95+1.04). The evidence for off-shell Higgs boson production using the ZZ -> 4l decay channel has an observed (expected) significance of 2.5 sigma (1.3 sigma). The expected result represents a significant improvement relative to that of the previous analysis of the same dataset, which obtained an expected significance of 0.5 sigma. When combined with the most recent ATLAS measurement in the ZZ -> 2l2 nu decay channel, the evidence for off-shell Higgs boson production has an observed (expected) significance of 3.7 sigma (2.4 sigma). The off-shell measurements are combined with the measurement of on-shell Higgs boson production to obtain constraints on the Higgs boson total width. The observed (expected) value of the Higgs boson width at 68% CL is 4.3-1.9+2.7 ( 4.1-3.4+3.5) MeV. |
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Address |
[Fewell, M. P.; Gallagher, J.; Grant, C. M.; Green, M. J.; Jackson, P.; Kong, A. X. Y.; Pandya, H. D.; Ruggeri, T. A.; Saha, S.; Ting, E. X. L.; White, M. J.] Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys, Adelaide, SA, Australia |
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IOP Publishing Ltd |
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0034-4885 |
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Notes |
WOS:001489129400001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
6697 |
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Author |
ATLAS Collaboration (Aad, G. et al); Aikot, A.; Amos, K.R.; Bouchhar, N.; Cabrera Urban, S.; Cantero, J.; Castillo Gimenez, V.; Chitishvili, M.; Costa, M.J.; Curcio, F.; Didenko, M.; Escobar, C.; Fiorini, L.; Fuster, J.; Garcia, C.; Garcia Navarro, J.E.; Gomez Delegido, A.J.; Gonzalez de la Hoz, S.; Hofer, J.; Lacasta, C.; Lanzac Berrocal, M.; Marti-Garcia, S.; Martinez Agullo, P.; Melini, D.; Mitsou, V.A.; Monsonis Romero, L.; Moreno Llacer, M.; Munoz Perez, D.; Navarro-Gonzalez, J.; Poveda, J.; Rubio Jimenez, A.; Ruiz-Martinez, A.; Saibel, A.; Salt, J.; Sanchez Sebastian, V.; Senthilkumar, V.; Soldevila, U.; Sanchez, J.; Torro Pastor, E.; Valero, A.; Valiente Moreno, E.; Valls Ferrer, J.A.; Varriale, L.; Villaplana Perez, M.; Vos, M.; Zakareishvili, T. |
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Title |
An implementation of neural simulation-based inference for parameter estimation in ATLAS |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2025 |
Publication |
Reports on Progress in Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Rep. Prog. Phys. |
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Volume |
88 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
067801 - 31pp |
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Keywords |
machine learning; likelihood-free inference; neural simulation-based inference; parameter inference; frequentist statistics |
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Abstract |
Neural simulation-based inference (NSBI) is a powerful class of machine-learning-based methods for statistical inference that naturally handles high-dimensional parameter estimation without the need to bin data into low-dimensional summary histograms. Such methods are promising for a range of measurements, including at the Large Hadron Collider, where no single observable may be optimal to scan over the entire theoretical phase space under consideration, or where binning data into histograms could result in a loss of sensitivity. This work develops a NSBI framework for statistical inference, using neural networks to estimate probability density ratios, which enables the application to a full-scale analysis. It incorporates a large number of systematic uncertainties, quantifies the uncertainty due to the finite number of events in training samples, develops a method to construct confidence intervals, and demonstrates a series of intermediate diagnostic checks that can be performed to validate the robustness of the method. As an example, the power and feasibility of the method are assessed on simulated data for a simplified version of an off-shell Higgs boson couplings measurement in the four-lepton final states. This approach represents an extension to the standard statistical methodology used by the experiments at the Large Hadron Collider, and can benefit many physics analyses. |
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Address |
[Fewell, M. P.; Gallagher, J.; Grant, C. M.; Green, M. J.; Jackson, P.; Kong, A. X. Y.; Pandya, H. D.; Ruggeri, T. A.; Saha, S.; Ting, E. X. L.; White, M. J.] Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys, Adelaide, SA, Australia |
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IOP Publishing Ltd |
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English |
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0034-4885 |
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Notes |
WOS:001497279600001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
6795 |
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Author |
ATLAS Collaboration (Aad, G. et al); Aikot, A.; Amos, K.R.; Bouchhar, N.; Cabrera Urban, S.; Cantero, J.; Castillo Gimenez, V.; Chitishvili, M.; Costa, M.J.; Curcio, F.; Didenko, M.; Escobar, C.; Fiorini, L.; Fuster, J.; Garcia, C.; Garcia Navarro, J.E.; Gonzalez de la Hoz, S.; Hofer, J.; Lacasta, C.; Lanzac Berrocal, M.; Marti-Garcia, S.; Martinez Agullo, P.; Melini, D.; Mitsou, V.A.; Monsonis Romero, L.; Moreno Llacer, M.; Munoz Perez, D.; Navarro-Gonzalez, J.; Poveda, J.; Rubio Jimenez, A.; Ruiz-Martinez, A.; Saibel, A.; Salt, J.; Sanchez Sebastian, V.; Senthilkumar, V.; Soldevila, U.; Sanchez, J.; Torro Pastor, E.; Valero, A.; Valiente Moreno, E.; Valls Ferrer, J.A.; Varriale, L.; Villaplana Perez, M.; Vos, M.; Zakareishvili, T. |
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Title |
Search for emerging jets in pp collisions at s=13.6 TeV with the ATLAS experiment |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2025 |
Publication |
Reports on Progress in Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Rep. Prog. Phys. |
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Volume |
88 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
097801 - 33pp |
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Keywords |
emerging; jets; collisions; CERN |
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Abstract |
A search for emerging jets is presented using 51.8 fb-1 of proton-proton collision data at s=13.6 TeV, collected by the ATLAS experiment during 2022 and 2023. The search explores a hypothetical dark sector featuring 'dark quarks' that are charged under a confining gauge group and couple to the standard model (SM) via a new mediator particle. These dark quarks undergo showering and hadronisation within the dark sector, forming long-lived dark mesons that decay back into SM particles. This results in jets that contain multiple displaced vertices known as emerging jets. The analysis targets events with pairs of emerging jets, produced either through a vector mediator, Z ', in the s-channel, or a scalar mediator, Phi, in the t-channel. No significant excess over the SM background is observed. Assuming a dark pion proper decay length between 5 mm and 50 mm, Z ' mediator masses between 600 GeV and 2550 GeV are excluded for quark and dark quark coupling values of 0.01 and 0.1, respectively. For a quark dark-quark coupling of 0.1, Phi mediator masses between 600 GeV and 1375 GeV are excluded. These results represent the first direct search targeting emerging jet pair production via a Z ' mediator, as well as the first study of emerging jet production mediated by a scalar particle exchanged in the t-channel. |
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[ATLAS Collaborat] CERN, Geneva, Switzerland |
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IOP Publishing Ltd |
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0034-4885 |
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Notes |
WOS:001564115800001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
6928 |
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Author |
Borsato, M. et al; Zurita, J.; Henry, L.; Jashal, B.K.; Oyanguren, A. |
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Title |
Unleashing the full power of LHCb to probe stealth new physics |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Reports on Progress in Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Rep. Prog. Phys. |
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Volume |
85 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
024201 - 45pp |
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Keywords |
LHCb; stealth physics; BSM physics; hidden sectors; long-lived particles; dark matter |
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Abstract |
In this paper, we describe the potential of the LHCb experiment to detect stealth physics. This refers to dynamics beyond the standard model that would elude searches that focus on energetic objects or precision measurements of known processes. Stealth signatures include long-lived particles and light resonances that are produced very rarely or together with overwhelming backgrounds. We will discuss why LHCb is equipped to discover this kind of physics at the Large Hadron Collider and provide examples of well-motivated theoretical models that can be probed with great detail at the experiment. |
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Address |
[Borsato, M.] Heidelberg Univ, Phys Inst, Heidelberg, Germany, Email: xabier.cid.vidal@cern.ch |
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IOP Publishing Ltd |
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0034-4885 |
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Notes |
WOS:000762056700001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
5151 |
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Author |
Curtin, D. et al; Hirsch, M. |
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Title |
Long-lived particles at the energy frontier: the MATHUSLA physics case |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Reports on Progress in Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Rep. Prog. Phys. |
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Volume |
82 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
116201 - 133pp |
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Keywords |
Large Hadron Collider; long-lived particles; hierarchy problem; dark matter; baryogenesis; neutrinos; simplified models |
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Abstract |
We examine the theoretical motivations for long-lived particle (LLP) signals at the LHC in a comprehensive survey of standard model (SM) extensions. LLPs are a common prediction of a wide range of theories that address unsolved fundamental mysteries such as naturalness, dark matter, baryogenesis and neutrino masses, and represent a natural and generic possibility for physics beyond the SM (BSM). In most cases the LLP lifetime can be treated as a free parameter from the μm scale up to the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis limit of similar to 10(7) m. Neutral LLPs with lifetimes above similar to 100 m are particularly difficult to probe, as the sensitivity of the LHC main detectors is limited by challenging backgrounds, triggers, and small acceptances. MATHUSLA is a proposal for a minimally instrumented, large-volume surface detector near ATLAS or CMS. It would search for neutral LLPs produced in HL-LHC collisions by reconstructing displaced vertices (DVs) in a low-background environment, extending the sensitivity of the main detectors by orders of magnitude in the long-lifetime regime. We study the LLP physics opportunities afforded by a MATHUSLA-like detector at the HL-LHC, assuming backgrounds can be rejected as expected. We develop a model-independent approach to describe the sensitivity of MATHUSLA to BSM LLP signals, and compare it to DV and missing energy searches at ATLAS or CMS. We then explore the BSM motivations for LLPs in considerable detail, presenting a large number of new sensitivity studies. While our discussion is especially oriented towards the long-lifetime regime at MATHUSLA, this survey underlines the importance of a varied LLP search program at the LHC in general. By synthesizing these results into a general discussion of the top-down and bottom-up motivations for LLP searches, it is our aim to demonstrate the exceptional strength and breadth of the physics case for the construction of the MATHUSLA detector. |
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Address |
[Curtin, David] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada, Email: dcurtin@physics.utoronto.ca |
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Iop Publishing Ltd |
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English |
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0034-4885 |
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Notes |
WOS:000499698000001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
4215 |
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Author |
Fadel, M.; Roux, N.; Gessner, M. |
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Title |
Quantum metrology with a continuous-variable system |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2025 |
Publication |
Reports on Progress in Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Rep. Prog. Phys. |
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Volume |
88 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
106001 - 46pp |
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Keywords |
quantum metrology; continuous variables; quantum information; quantum sensing |
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Abstract |
As one of the main pillars of quantum technologies, quantum metrology aims to improve measurement precision using techniques from quantum information. The two main strategies to achieve this are the preparation of nonclassical states and the design of optimized measurement observables. We discuss precision limits and optimal strategies in quantum metrology and sensing with a single mode of quantum continuous variables. We focus on the practically most relevant cases of estimating displacements and rotations and provide the sensitivities of the most important classes of states that includes Gaussian states and superpositions of Fock states or coherent states. Fundamental precision limits that are obtained from the quantum Fisher information are compared to the precision of a simple moment-based estimation strategy based on the data obtained from possibly sub-optimal measurement observables, including homodyne, photon number, parity and higher moments. Finally, we summarize some of the main experimental achievements and present emerging platforms for continuous-variable sensing. These results are of particular interest for experiments with quantum light, trapped ions, mechanical oscillators, and microwave resonators. |
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Address |
[Fadel, Matteo; Roux, Noah] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland, Email: fadelm@phys.ethz.ch; |
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IOP Publishing Ltd |
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English |
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0034-4885 |
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Notes |
WOS:001589503500001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
6880 |
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Author |
Figueroa, D.G.; Florio, A.; Torrenti, F. |
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Title |
Present and future of Cosmo Lattice |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2024 |
Publication |
Reports on Progress in Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Rep. Prog. Phys. |
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Volume |
87 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
094901 - 20pp |
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Keywords |
early Universe; non-linear dynamics; real-time lattice simulations; cosmology; gauge-invariant lattice techniques; CosmoLattice; gravitational waves |
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Abstract |
We discuss the present state and planned updates of Cosmo Lattice, a cutting-edge code for lattice simulations of non-linear dynamics of scalar-gauge field theories in an expanding background. We first review the current capabilities of the code, including the simulation of interacting singlet scalars and of Abelian and non-Abelian scalar-gauge theories. We also comment on new features recently implemented, such as the simulation of gravitational waves from scalar and gauge fields. Secondly, we discuss new extensions of C osmo L attice that we plan to release publicly. We comment on new physics modules, which include axion-gauge interactions phi FF , non-minimal gravitational couplings phi R-2 , creation and evolution of cosmic-defect networks, and magnetohydrodynamics. We also discuss new technical features, including evolvers for non-canonical interactions, arbitrary initial conditions, simulations in 2+1 dimensions, and higher-accuracy spatial derivatives. |
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Address |
[Figueroa, Daniel G.; Torrenti, Francisco] CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular IFIC, Valencia 46980, Spain, Email: daniel.figueroa@ific.uv.es; |
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IOP Publishing Ltd |
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0034-4885 |
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Notes |
WOS:001284570700001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
6219 |
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Author |
Gisbert, H.; Pich, A. |
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Title |
Direct CP violation in K-0 -> pi pi : Standard Model Status |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Reports on Progress in Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Rep. Prog. Phys. |
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Volume |
81 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
076201 - 22pp |
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Keywords |
Kaon decays; CP violation; Standard Model |
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Abstract |
In 1988 the NA31 experiment presented the first evidence of direct CP violation in the K-0 -> pi pi decay amplitudes. A clear signal with a 7.2 sigma statistical significance was later established with the full data samples from the NA31, E731, NA48 and KTeV experiments, confirming that CP violation is associated with a Delta S = 1 quark transition, as predicted by the Standard Model. However, the theoretical prediction for the measured ratio epsilon'/epsilon has been a subject of strong controversy along the years. Although the underlying physics was already clarified in 2001, the recent release of improved lattice data has revived again the theoretical debate. We review the current status, discussing in detail the different ingredients that enter into the calculation of this observable and the reasons why seemingly contradictory predictions were obtained in the past by several groups. An update of the Standard Model prediction is presented and the prospects for future improvements are analysed. Taking into account all known short-distance and long-distance contributions, one obtains Re (epsilon' / epsilon) = (15 +/- 7) . 10(-4), in good agreement with the experimental measurement. |
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Address |
[Gisbert, Hector; Pich, Antonio] Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, Dept Fis Teor, Apt Correus 22085, E-46071 Valencia, Spain, Email: Antonio.Pich@ific.uv.es |
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Publisher |
Iop Publishing Ltd |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0034-4885 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
WOS:000436545600001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
no |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
3641 |
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