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	Author	Andreev, Y.M. et al; Molina Bueno, L.; Tuzi, M.
	Title	Measurement of the intrinsic hadronic contamination in the NA64-e high-purity e+/e- beam at CERN			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research A	Abbreviated Journal	Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A
	Volume	1057	Issue		Pages	168776 - 8pp
	Keywords	Light dark matter; Missing-energy experiment; H4 beamline; Hadron contamination
	Abstract	We present the measurement of the intrinsic hadronic contamination at the CERN SPS H4 beamline configured to transport electrons and positrons at 100 GeV/c. The analysis, performed using data collected by the NA64-e experiment in 2022, is based on calorimetric measurements, exploiting the different interaction mechanisms of electrons and hadrons in the NA64 detector. We determined the contamination by comparing the results obtained using the nominal electron/positron beamline configuration with those from a dedicated setup, in which only hadrons impinged on the detector. We also obtained an estimate of the relative protons, antiprotons and pions yield by exploiting the different absorption probabilities of these particles in matter. We cross-checked our results with a dedicated Monte Carlo simulation for the hadron production at the primary T2 target, finding a good agreement with the experimental measurements.
	Address	[Andreev, Yu. M.; Chumakov, A. G.; Dermenev, A. V.; Donskov, S. V.; Dusaev, R. R.; Enik, T.; Frolov, V. N.; Gerassimov, S. G.; Gninenko, S. N.; Kachanov, V. A.; Kambar, Y.; Karneyeu, A. E.; Kirsanov, M. M.; Kolosov, V. N.; Gertsenberger, S. V.; Kasianova, E. A.; Kramarenko, V. A.; Kravchuk, L. V.; Krasnikov, N. V.; Lyubovitskij, V. E.; Lysan, V.; Matveev, V. A.; Mikhailov, Yu. V.; Bueno, L. Molina; Peshekhonov, D. V.; Polyakov, V. A.; Salamatin, K.; Samoylenko, V. D.; Shchukin, D.; Tikhomirov, V. O.; Tlisova, I.; Toropin, A. N.; Trifonov, A. Yu.; Vasilishin, B. I.; Volkov, P. V.; Volkov, V. Yu.; Voronchikhin, I. V.; Zhevlakov, A. S.] CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, Email: pietro.bisio@ge.infn.it
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Elsevier	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0168-9002	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	WOS:001154863600001			Approved	no
	Is ISI	yes	International Collaboration	yes
	Call Number	IFIC @ pastor @			Serial	5923
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	Author	HAWC Collaboration (Abeysekara, A.U. et al); Salesa Greus, F.
	Title	The High-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory in Mexico: The primary detector			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research A	Abbreviated Journal	Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A
	Volume	1052	Issue		Pages	168253 - 18pp
	Keywords	Physics – instrumentation and detectors; Water Cherenkov Detectors; Astrophysics; High energy physics – experiment; Nuclear experiment
	Abstract	The High-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory is a second-generation continuously operated, wide field-of-view, TeV gamma-ray observatory. The HAWC observatory and its analysis techniques build on experience of the Milagro experiment in using ground-based water Cherenkov detectors for gamma-ray astronomy. HAWC is located on the Sierra Negra volcano in Mexico at an elevation of 4100 meters above sea level. The completed HAWC observatory principal detector (HAWC) consists of 300 closely spaced water Cherenkov detectors, each equipped with four photomultiplier tubes to provide timing and charge information to reconstruct the extensive air shower energy and arrival direction. The HAWC observatory has been optimized to observe transient and steady emission from sources of gamma rays within an energy range from several hundred GeV to several hundred TeV. However, most of the air showers detected are initiated by cosmic rays, allowing studies of cosmic rays also to be performed. This paper describes the characteristics of the HAWC main array and its hardware.
	Address	[Abeysekara, A. U.; Barber, A. S.; Hona, B.; Kieda, D.; Newbold, M.; Springer, R. W.] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT USA, Email: eduardo.delafuentea@academicos.udg.mx
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Elsevier	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0168-9002	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	WOS:001063137300001			Approved	no
	Is ISI	yes	International Collaboration	yes
	Call Number	IFIC @ pastor @			Serial	5674
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	Author	Natochii, A. et al; Marinas, C.
	Title	Measured and projected beam backgrounds in the Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB collider			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research A	Abbreviated Journal	Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A
	Volume	1055	Issue		Pages	168550 - 21pp
	Keywords	Detector background; Lepton collider; Monte-Carlo simulation
	Abstract	The Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB electron-positron collider aims to collect an unprecedented data set of 50 ab-1 to study CP-violation in the B-meson system and to search for Physics beyond the Standard Model. SuperKEKB is already the world's highest-luminosity collider. In order to collect the planned data set within approximately one decade, the target is to reach a peak luminosity of 6 x 1035 cm-2 s-1by further increasing the beam currents and reducing the beam size at the interaction point by squeezing the betatron function down to betay* = 0.3 mm. To ensure detector longevity and maintain good reconstruction performance, beam backgrounds must remain well controlled. We report on current background rates in Belle II and compare these against simulation. We find that a number of recent refinements have significantly improved the background simulation accuracy. Finally, we estimate the safety margins going forward. We predict that backgrounds should remain high but acceptable until a luminosity of at least 2.8 x 1035 cm-2 s-1is reached for betay* = 0.6 mm. At this point, the most vulnerable Belle II detectors, the Time-of-Propagation (TOP) particle identification system and the Central Drift Chamber (CDC), have predicted background hit rates from single-beam and luminosity backgrounds that add up to approximately half of the maximum acceptable rates.
	Address	[Natochii, A.; Browder, T. E.; Schueler, J.; Vahsen, S. E.] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA, Email: natochii@hawaii.edu;
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Elsevier	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0168-9002	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	WOS:001056103200001			Approved	no
	Is ISI	yes	International Collaboration	yes
	Call Number	IFIC @ pastor @			Serial	5626
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	Author	HAWC Collaboration (Alfaro, R. et al); Salesa Greus, F.
	Title	Gamma/hadron separation with the HAWC observatory			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2022	Publication	Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research A	Abbreviated Journal	Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A
	Volume	1039	Issue		Pages	166984 - 13pp
	Keywords	High energy; Crab Nebula; G/H separation; Machine Learning
	Abstract	The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) gamma-ray observatory observes atmospheric showers produced by incident gamma rays and cosmic rays with energy from 300 GeV to more than 100 TeV. A crucial phase in analyzing gamma-ray sources using ground-based gamma-ray detectors like HAWC is to identify the showers produced by gamma rays or hadrons. The HAWC observatory records roughly 25,000 events per second, with hadrons representing the vast majority (> 99.9%) of these events. The standard gamma/hadron separation technique in HAWC uses a simple rectangular cut involving only two parameters. This work describes the implementation of more sophisticated gamma/hadron separation techniques, via machine learning methods (boosted decision trees and neural networks), and summarizes the resulting improvements in gamma/hadron separation obtained in HAWC.
	Address	[Alfaro, R.; Angeles Camacho, J. R.; Avila Rojas, D.; Belmont-Moreno, E.; Espinoza, C.; Garcia, D.; Hernandez, S.; Leon Vargas, H.; Sandoval, A.; Serna-Franco, J.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Mexico City, DF, Mexico, Email: tcapistran@astro.unam.mx;
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Elsevier	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0168-9002	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	WOS:000861747900006			Approved	no
	Is ISI	yes	International Collaboration	yes
	Call Number	IFIC @ pastor @			Serial	5371
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	Author	An, L.; Auffray, E.; Betti, F.; Dall'Omo, F.; Gascon, D.; Golutvin, A.; Guz, Y.; Kholodenko, S.; Martinazzoli, L.; Mazorra de Cos, J.; Picatoste, E.; Pizzichemi, M.; Roloff, P.; Salomoni, M.; Sanchez, D.; Schopper, A.; Semennikov, A.; Shatalov, P.; Shmanin, E.; Strekalina, D.; Zhang, Y.
	Title	Performance of a spaghetti calorimeter prototype with tungsten absorber and garnet crystal fibres			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research A	Abbreviated Journal	Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A
	Volume	1045	Issue		Pages	167629 - 7pp
	Keywords	Calorimetry; High energy physics (HEP); Particle detectors; Spaghetti calorimeter (SPACAL); Fibres; Scintillating crystals
	Abstract	A spaghetti calorimeter (SPACAL) prototype with scintillating crystal fibres was assembled and tested with electron beams of energy from 1 to 5 GeV. The prototype comprised radiation-hard Cerium-doped Gd3Al2Ga3O12 (GAGG:Ce) and Y3Al5O12 (YAG:Ce) embedded in a pure tungsten absorber. The energy resolution root was studied as a function of the incidence angle of the beam and found to be of the order of 10%/ E a 1%, in line with the LHCb Shashlik technology. The time resolution was measured with metal channel dynode photomultipliers placed in contact with the fibres or coupled via a light guide, additionally testing an optical tape to glue the components. Time resolution of a few tens of picosecond was achieved for all the energies reaching down to (18.5 +/- 0.2) ps at 5 GeV.
	Address	[An, L.; Auffray, E.; Betti, F.; Dall'Omo, F.; Martinazzoli, L.; Pizzichemi, M.; Roloff, P.; Salomoni, M.; Schopper, A.] European Org Nucl Res CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, Email: loris.martinazzoli@cern.ch
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Elsevier	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0168-9002	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	WOS:000882335600001			Approved	no
	Is ISI	yes	International Collaboration	yes
	Call Number	IFIC @ pastor @			Serial	5413
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	Author	Liptak, Z. et al; Marinas, C.
	Title	Measurements of beam backgrounds in SuperKEKB Phase 2			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2022	Publication	Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research A	Abbreviated Journal	Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A
	Volume	1040	Issue		Pages	167168 - 19pp
	Keywords
	Abstract	The high design luminosity of the SuperKEKB electron–positron collider will result in challenging levels of beam-induced backgrounds in the interaction region. Understanding and mitigating these backgrounds is critical to the success of the Belle II experiment. We report on the first background measurements performed after roll-in of the Belle II detector, a period known as SuperKEKB Phase 2, utilizing both the BEAST II system of dedicated background detectors and the Belle II detector itself. We also report on first revisions to the background simulation made in response to our findings. Backgrounds measured include contributions from synchrotron radiation, beam-gas, Touschek, and injection backgrounds. At the end of Phase 2, single-beam backgrounds originating from the 4 GeV positron Low Energy Ring (LER) agree reasonably well with simulation, while backgrounds from the 7 GeV electron High Energy Ring (HER) are approximately one order of magnitude higher than simulation. We extrapolate these backgrounds forward and conclude it is safe to install the Belle II vertex detector.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Is ISI	yes	International Collaboration	yes
	Call Number	IFIC @ pastor @			Serial	5496
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	Author	KM3NeT Collaboration (Aiello, S. et al); Alves Garre, S.; Calvo, D.; Carretero, V.; Colomer, M.; Gozzini, S.R.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Khan Chowdhury, N.R.; Lazo, A.; Palacios Gonzalez, J.; Pieterse, C.; Real, D.; Salesa Greus, F.; Sanchez Losa, A.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J.
	Title	Nanobeacon: A time calibration device for the KM3NeT neutrino telescope			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2022	Publication	Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research A	Abbreviated Journal	Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A
	Volume	1040	Issue		Pages	167132 - 13pp
	Keywords	Time calibration; Instrumentation; Neutrino telescopes
	Abstract	The KM3NeT Collaboration is currently constructing a multi-site high-energy neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea consisting of matrices of pressure-resistant glass spheres, each holding a set of 31 small-area photomultipliers. The main goals of the telescope are the observation of neutrino sources in the Universe and the measurement of the neutrino oscillation parameters with atmospheric neutrinos. A relative time synchronisation between photomultipliers of the nanosecond order needed to guarantee the required angular resolution of the detector. Due to the large detector volumes to be instrumented by KM3NeT, a cost reduction of the different systems is a priority. To this end, the inexpensive Nanobeacon has been designed and developed by the KM3NeT Collaboration to be used for detector time-calibration studies. At present, more than 600 & nbsp;Nanobeacons have been already produced. The characterisation of the optical pulse and the wavelength emission profile of the devices is critical for the time calibration. The optical pulse rise time has been quantified as less than 3 ns, while the Full Width Half Maximum is less than 6 ns. The wavelength drift, due to a variation of the supply voltage, has also been qualified as lower than 10 nm for the full range of the Nanobeacon. In this paper, more details about the main features of the Nanobeacon design, production and operation, together with the main properties of the light pulse generated are described.
	Address	[Aiello, S.; Bruno, R.; Leonora, E.; Longhitano, F.; Randazzo, N.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, I-95123 Catania, Italy, Email: sagreus@ific.uv.es;
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Elsevier	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0168-9002	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	WOS:000841467100009			Approved	no
	Is ISI	yes	International Collaboration	yes
	Call Number	IFIC @ pastor @			Serial	5342
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	Author	NEXT Collaboration (Jones, B.J.P. et al); Carcel, S.; Carrion, J.V.; Diaz, J.; Martin-Albo, J.; Martinez, A.; Martinez-Vara, M.; Muñoz Vidal, J.; Novella, P.; Palmeiro, B.; Querol, M.; Romo-Luque, C.; Sorel, M.; Uson, A.; Yahlali, N.
	Title	The dynamics of ions on phased radio-frequency carpets in high pressure gases and application for barium tagging in xenon gas time projection chambers			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2022	Publication	Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research A	Abbreviated Journal	Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A
	Volume	1039	Issue		Pages	167000 - 19pp
	Keywords	RF carpets; Ion transport; Neutrinoless double beta decay; Barium tagging
	Abstract	Radio-frequency (RF) carpets with ultra-fine pitches are examined for ion transport in gases at atmospheric pressures and above. We develop new analytic and computational methods for modeling RF ion transport at densities where dynamics are strongly influenced by buffer gas collisions. An analytic description of levitating and sweeping forces from phased arrays is obtained, then thermodynamic and kinetic principles are used to calculate ion loss rates in the presence of collisions. This methodology is validated against detailed microscopic SIMION simulations. We then explore a parameter space of special interest for neutrinoless double beta decay experiments: transport of barium ions in xenon at pressures from 1 to 10 bar. Our computations account for molecular ion formation and pressure dependent mobility as well as finite temperature effects. We discuss the challenges associated with achieving suitable operating conditions, which lie beyond the capabilities of existing devices, using presently available or near-future manufacturing techniques.
	Address	[Hauptman, J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA, Email: ben.jones@uta.edu
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Elsevier	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0168-9002	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	WOS:000861747900008			Approved	no
	Is ISI	yes	International Collaboration	yes
	Call Number	IFIC @ pastor @			Serial	5372
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	Author	Wieduwilt, P.; Paschen, B.; Schreeck, H.; Schwenker, B.; Soltau, J.; Ahlburg, P.; Dingfelder, J.; Frey, A.; Gomis, P.; Lutticke, F.; Marinas, C.
	Title	Performance of production modules of the Belle II pixel detector in a high-energy particle beam			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2021	Publication	Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research A	Abbreviated Journal	Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A
	Volume	991	Issue		Pages	164978 - 15pp
	Keywords	DEPFET; DESY testbeam; Pixel detector; Belle II; Vertex detector
	Abstract	The Belle II experiment at the Super B factory SuperKEKB, an asymmetric e(+) e(-) collider located in Tsukuba, Japan, is tailored to perform precision B physics measurements. The centre of mass energy of the collisions is equal to the rest mass of the gamma (4S) resonance of m(gamma(4S)) = 10.58 GeV. A high vertex resolution is essential for measuring the decay vertices of B mesons. Typical momenta of the decay products are ranging from a few tens of MeV to a few GeV and multiple scattering has a significant impact on the vertex resolution. The VerteX Detector (VXD) for Belle II is therefore designed to have as little material as possible inside the acceptance region. Especially the innermost two layers, populated by the PiXel Detector (PXD), have to be ultra-thin. The PXD is based on DEpleted P-channel Field Effect Transistors (DEPFETs) with a thickness of only 75 μm. Spatial resolution and hit efficiency of production detector modules were studied in beam tests performed at the DESY test beam facility. The spatial resolution was investigated as a function of the incidence angle and improvements due to charge sharing are demonstrated. The measured module performance is compatible with the requirements for Belle II.
	Address	[Paschen, B.; Ahlburg, P.; Dingfelder, J.; Luetticke, F.] Univ Bonn, Phys Inst, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, Email: philipp.wieduwilt@phys.uni-goettingen.de;
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Elsevier	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0168-9002	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	WOS:000686054900010			Approved	no
	Is ISI	yes	International Collaboration	yes
	Call Number	IFIC @ pastor @			Serial	4941
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	Author	Balibrea-Correa, J.; Lerendegui-Marco, J.; Babiano-Suarez, V.; Caballero, L.; Calvo, D.; Ladarescu, I.; Olleros-Rodriguez, P.; Domingo-Pardo, C.
	Title	Machine Learning aided 3D-position reconstruction in large LaCl3 crystals			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2021	Publication	Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research A	Abbreviated Journal	Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A
	Volume	1001	Issue		Pages	165249 - 17pp
	Keywords	Gamma-ray; Position sensitive detectors; Monolithic crystals; Compton imaging; Machine Learning; Convolutional Neural Networks; Total Energy Detector; Neutron capture cross-section
	Abstract	We investigate five different models to reconstruct the 3D gamma-ray hit coordinates in five large LaCl3(Ce) monolithic crystals optically coupled to pixelated silicon photomultipliers. These scintillators have a base surface of 50 x 50 mm(2) and five different thicknesses, from 10 mm to 30 mm. Four of these models are analytical prescriptions and one is based on a Convolutional Neural Network. Average resolutions close to 1-2 mm fwhm are obtained in the transverse crystal plane for crystal thicknesses between 10 mm and 20 mm using analytical models. For thicker crystals average resolutions of about 3-5 mm fwhm are obtained. Depth of interaction resolutions between 1 mm and 4 mm are achieved depending on the distance of the interaction point to the photosensor surface. We propose a Machine Learning algorithm to correct for linearity distortions and pin-cushion effects. The latter allows one to keep a large field of view of about 70%-80% of the crystal surface, regardless of crystal thickness. This work is aimed at optimizing the performance of the so-called Total Energy Detector with Compton imaging capability (i-TED) for time-of-flight neutron capture cross-section measurements.
	Address	[Balibrea-Correa, J.; Lerendegui-Marco, J.; Babiano-Suarez, V.; Caballero, L.; Calvo, D.; Ladarescu, I.; Olleros-Rodriguez, P.; Domingo-Pardo, C.] Univ Valencia, CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, Valencia, Spain, Email: javier.balibrea@ific.uv.es
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Elsevier	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0168-9002	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	WOS:000641308300007			Approved	no
	Is ISI	yes	International Collaboration	no
	Call Number	IFIC @ pastor @			Serial	4803
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