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Author |
Schaffter, T. et al; Albiol, F.; Caballero, L. |
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Title |
Evaluation of Combined Artificial Intelligence and Radiologist Assessment to Interpret Screening Mammograms |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
JAMA Network Open |
Abbreviated Journal |
JAMA Netw. Open |
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Volume |
3 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
e200265 - 15pp |
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Abstract |
Importance Mammography screening currently relies on subjective human interpretation. Artificial intelligence (AI) advances could be used to increase mammography screening accuracy by reducing missed cancers and false positives. Objective To evaluate whether AI can overcome human mammography interpretation limitations with a rigorous, unbiased evaluation of machine learning algorithms. Design, Setting, and Participants In this diagnostic accuracy study conducted between September 2016 and November 2017, an international, crowdsourced challenge was hosted to foster AI algorithm development focused on interpreting screening mammography. More than 1100 participants comprising 126 teams from 44 countries participated. Analysis began November 18, 2016. Main Outcomes and Measurements Algorithms used images alone (challenge 1) or combined images, previous examinations (if available), and clinical and demographic risk factor data (challenge 2) and output a score that translated to cancer yes/no within 12 months. Algorithm accuracy for breast cancer detection was evaluated using area under the curve and algorithm specificity compared with radiologists' specificity with radiologists' sensitivity set at 85.9% (United States) and 83.9% (Sweden). An ensemble method aggregating top-performing AI algorithms and radiologists' recall assessment was developed and evaluated. Results Overall, 144231 screening mammograms from 85580 US women (952 cancer positive <= 12 months from screening) were used for algorithm training and validation. A second independent validation cohort included 166578 examinations from 68008 Swedish women (780 cancer positive). The top-performing algorithm achieved an area under the curve of 0.858 (United States) and 0.903 (Sweden) and 66.2% (United States) and 81.2% (Sweden) specificity at the radiologists' sensitivity, lower than community-practice radiologists' specificity of 90.5% (United States) and 98.5% (Sweden). Combining top-performing algorithms and US radiologist assessments resulted in a higher area under the curve of 0.942 and achieved a significantly improved specificity (92.0%) at the same sensitivity. Conclusions and Relevance While no single AI algorithm outperformed radiologists, an ensemble of AI algorithms combined with radiologist assessment in a single-reader screening environment improved overall accuracy. This study underscores the potential of using machine learning methods for enhancing mammography screening interpretation. Question How do deep learning algorithms perform compared with radiologists in screening mammography interpretation? Findings In this diagnostic accuracy study using 144231 screening mammograms from 85580 women from the United States and 166578 screening mammograms from 68008 women from Sweden, no single artificial intelligence algorithm outperformed US community radiologist benchmarks; including clinical data and prior mammograms did not improve artificial intelligence performance. However, combining best-performing artificial intelligence algorithms with single-radiologist assessment demonstrated increased specificity. Meaning Integrating artificial intelligence to mammography interpretation in single-radiologist settings could yield significant performance improvements, with the potential to reduce health care system expenditures and address resource scarcity experienced in population-based screening programs. This diagnostic accuracy study evaluates whether artificial intelligence can overcome human mammography interpretation limits with a rigorous, unbiased evaluation of machine learning algorithms. |
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Address |
[Schaffter, Thomas; Hoff, Bruce; Yu, Thomas; Neto, Elias Chaibub; Friend, Stephen; Guinney, Justin] Sage Bionetworks, Computat Oncol, Seattle, WA USA, Email: gustavo@us.ibm.com |
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Amer Medical Assoc |
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English |
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2574-3805 |
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WOS:000519249800002 |
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no |
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yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
4683 |
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Author |
Bodenstein, S.; Bordes, J.; Dominguez, C.A.; Peñarrocha, J.; Schilcher, K. |
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Title |
Charm-quark mass from weighted finite energy QCD sum rules |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Physical Review D |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Rev. D |
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Volume |
82 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
114013 - 5pp |
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Abstract |
The running charm-quark mass in the scheme is determined from weighted finite energy QCD sum rules involving the vector current correlator. Only the short distance expansion of this correlator is used, together with integration kernels (weights) involving positive powers of s, the squared energy. The optimal kernels are found to be a simple pinched kernel and polynomials of the Legendre type. The former kernel reduces potential duality violations near the real axis in the complex s plane, and the latter allows us to extend the analysis to energy regions beyond the end point of the data. These kernels, together with the high energy expansion of the correlator, weigh the experimental and theoretical information differently from e. g. inverse moments finite energy sum rules. Current, state of the art results for the vector correlator up to four-loop order in perturbative QCD are used in the finite energy sum rules, together with the latest experimental data. The integration in the complex s plane is performed using three different methods: fixed order perturbation theory, contour improved perturbation theory, and a fixed renormalization scale mu. The final result is (m) over bar (c)(3 GeV) = 1008 +/- 26 MeV, in a wide region of stability against changes in the integration radius s(0) in the complex s plane. |
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[Bodenstein, S.; Dominguez, C. A.] Univ Cape Town, Ctr Theoret & Math Phys, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa |
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Amer Physical Soc |
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1550-7998 |
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Notes |
ISI:000286567000004 |
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no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
527 |
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Author |
Bertone, G.; Cerdeño, D.G.; Fornasa, M.; Ruiz de Austri, R.; Trotta, R. |
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Title |
Identification of dark matter particles with LHC and direct detection data |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Physical Review D |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Rev. D |
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Volume |
82 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
055008 - 7pp |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Dark matter (DM) is currently searched for with a variety of detection strategies. Accelerator searches are particularly promising, but even if weakly interacting massive particles are found at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), it will be difficult to prove that they constitute the bulk of the DM in the Universe Omega(DM). We show that a significantly better reconstruction of the DM properties can be obtained with a combined analysis of LHC and direct detection data, by making a simple Ansatz on the weakly interacting massive particles local density rho(0)((chi) over bar1), i.e., by assuming that the local density scales with the cosmological relic abundance, (rho(0)((chi) over bar1)/rho(DM)) = (Omega(0)((chi) over bar1)/Omega(DM)). We demonstrate this method in an explicit example in the context of a 24-parameter supersymmetric model, with a neutralino lightest supersymmetric particle in the stau coannihilation region. Our results show that future ton-scale direct detection experiments will allow to break degeneracies in the supersymmetric parameter space and achieve a significantly better reconstruction of the neutralino composition and its relic density than with LHC data alone. |
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[Bertone, G.] Univ Zurich, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland |
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Amer Physical Soc |
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1550-7998 |
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Notes |
ISI:000281741400005 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ elepoucu @ |
Serial |
380 |
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Author |
Fileviez Perez, P.; Iminniyaz, H.; Rodrigo, G.; Spinner, S. |
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Title |
Gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking via seesaw mechanisms |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Physical Review D |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Rev. D |
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Volume |
81 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
095013 - 12pp |
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Abstract |
We present a simple scenario for gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking (GMSB) where the messengers are also the fields that generate neutrino masses. We show that the simplest such scenario corresponds to the case where neutrino masses are generated through the type I and type III seesaw mechanisms. The entire supersymmetric spectrum and Higgs masses are calculable from only four input parameters. Since the electroweak symmetry is broken through a doubly radiative mechanism, meaning a nearly zero B term at the messenger scale which runs down to acceptable values, one obtains quite a constrained spectrum for the supersymmetric particles whose properties we describe. We refer to this mechanism as "nu GMSB.'' |
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Address |
[Perez, Pavel Fileviez; Spinner, Sogee] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA |
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Amer Physical Soc |
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1550-7998 |
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Notes |
ISI:000278145100073 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ elepoucu @ |
Serial |
440 |
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Author |
Bazzocchi, F.; Cerdeño, D.G.; Muñoz, C.; Valle, J.W.F. |
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Title |
Calculable inverse-seesaw neutrino masses in supersymmetry |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Physical Review D |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Rev. D |
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Volume |
81 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
051701 - 5pp |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
We provide a scenario where naturally small and calculable neutrino masses arise from a supersymmetry-breaking renormalization-group-induced vacuum expectation value. The construction consists of an extended version of the next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model and the mechanism is illustrated for a universal choice of the soft supersymmetry-breaking parameters. The lightest supersymmetric particle can be an isosinglet scalar neutrino state, potentially viable as WIMP dark matter through its Higgs new boson coupling. The scenario leads to a plethora of new phenomenological implications at accelerators including the Large Hadron Collider. |
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Address |
[Bazzocchi, F.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Phys & Astron, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands, Email: fbazzoc@few.vu.nl |
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Amer Physical Soc |
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English |
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1550-7998 |
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Notes |
ISI:000276194200005 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ elepoucu @ |
Serial |
471 |
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Author |
Bodenstein, S.; Bordes, J.; Dominguez, C.A.; Peñarrocha, J.; Schilcher, K. |
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Title |
QCD sum rule determination of the charm-quark mass |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Physical Review D |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Rev. D |
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Volume |
83 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
074014 - 4pp |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
QCD sum rules involving mixed inverse moment integration kernels are used in order to determine the running charm-quark mass in the (MS) over bar scheme. Both the high and the low energy expansion of the vector current correlator are involved in this determination. The optimal integration kernel turns out to be of the form p(s) = 1 -(s(0)/s)(2), where s(0) is the onset of perturbative QCD. This kernel enhances the contribution of the well known narrow resonances, and reduces the impact of the data in the range s similar or equal to 20-25 GeV2. This feature leads to a substantial reduction in the sensitivity of the results to changes in s(0), as well as to a much reduced impact of the experimental uncertainties in the higher resonance region. The value obtained for the charm-quark mass in the (MS) over bar scheme at a scale of 3 GeV is (m) over bar (c)(3 GeV) = 987 +/- 9 MeV, where the error includes all sources of uncertainties added in quadrature. |
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Address |
[Bodenstein, S.; Dominguez, C. A.] Univ Cape Town, Ctr Theoret & Math Phys, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa |
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Amer Physical Soc |
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English |
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ISSN |
1550-7998 |
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Notes |
ISI:000289519700002 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
604 |
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Author |
Aguilar, A.C.; Ibañez, D.; Mathieu, V.; Papavassiliou, J. |
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Title |
Massless bound-state excitations and the Schwinger mechanism in QCD |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Physical Review D |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Rev. D |
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Volume |
85 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
014018 - 21pp |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
The gauge-invariant generation of an effective gluon mass proceeds through the well-known Schwinger mechanism, whose key dynamical ingredient is the nonperturbative formation of longitudinally coupled massless bound-state excitations. These excitations introduce poles in the vertices of the theory, in such a way as to maintain the Slavnov-Taylor identities intact in the presence of massive gluon propagators. In the present work we first focus on the modifications induced to the nonperturbative three-gluon vertex by the inclusion of massless two-gluon bound states into the kernels appearing in its skeleton expansion. Certain general relations between the basic building blocks of these bound states and the gluon mass are then obtained from the Slavnov-Taylor identities and the Schwinger-Dyson equation governing the gluon propagator. The homogeneous Bethe-Salpeter equation determining the wave function of the aforementioned bound state is then derived, under certain simplifying assumptions. It is then shown, through a detailed analytical and numerical study, that this equation admits nontrivial solutions, indicating that the QCD dynamics support indeed the formation of such massless bound states. These solutions are subsequently used, in conjunction with the aforementioned relations, to determine the momentumdependence of the dynamical gluon mass. Finally, further possibilities and open questions are briefly discussed. |
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Address |
[Aguilar, A. C.] Fed Univ ABC, CCNH, BR-09210170 Santo Andre, Brazil |
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Amer Physical Soc |
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English |
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1550-7998 |
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Notes |
WOS:000299293600005 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
881 |
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Author |
Bodenstein, S.; Bordes, J.; Dominguez, C.A.; Peñarrocha, J.; Schilcher, K. |
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Title |
Bottom-quark mass from finite energy QCD sum rules |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Physical Review D |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Rev. D |
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Volume |
85 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
034003 - 5pp |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Finite energy QCD sum rules involving both inverse-and positive-moment integration kernels are employed to determine the bottom-quark mass. The result obtained in the (MS) over bar scheme at a reference scale of 10 GeV is m (m) over bar (b)(10 GeV) = 3623(9) MeV. This value translates into a scale-invariant mass (m) over bar (b)((m) over bar (b)) = 4171(9) MeV. This result has the lowest total uncertainty of any method, and is less sensitive to a number of systematic uncertainties that affect other QCD sum rule determinations. |
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Address |
[Bodenstein, S.; Dominguez, C. A.; Schilcher, K.] Univ Cape Town, Ctr Theoret & Math Phys, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa |
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Amer Physical Soc |
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1550-7998 |
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Notes |
WOS:000299938300002 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
896 |
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Author |
Bertone, G.; Cerdeño, D.G.; Fornasa, M.; Pieri, L.; Ruiz de Austri, R.; Trotta, R. |
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Title |
Complementarity of indirect and accelerator dark matter searches |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Physical Review D |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Rev. D |
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Volume |
85 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
055014 - 10pp |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Even if supersymmetric particles are found at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), it will be difficult to prove that they constitute the bulk of the dark matter (DM) in the Universe using LHC data alone. We study the complementarity of LHC and DM indirect searches, working out explicitly the reconstruction of the DM properties for a specific benchmark model in the coannihilation region of a 24-parameters supersymmetric model. Combining mock high-luminosity LHC data with presentday null searches for gamma rays from dwarf galaxies with the Fermi Large Area Telescope, we show that current Fermi Large Area Telescope limits already have the capability of ruling out a spurious wino-like solution which would survive using LHC data only, thus leading to the correct identification of the cosmological solution. We also demonstrate that upcoming Planck constraints on the reionization history will have a similar constraining power and discuss the impact of a possible detection of gamma rays from DM annihilation in the Draco dwarf galaxy with a Cherenkov-Telescope-Array-like experiment. Our results indicate that indirect searches can be strongly complementary to the LHC in identifying the DM particles, even when astrophysical uncertainties are taken into account. |
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[Bertone, G.] Univ Amsterdam, GRAPPA Inst, NL-1090 GL Amsterdam, Netherlands |
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Amer Physical Soc |
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1550-7998 |
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Notes |
WOS:000301647300005 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
948 |
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Author |
Binosi, D.; Ibañez, D.; Papavassiliou, J. |
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Title |
All-order equation of the effective gluon mass |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Physical Review D |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Rev. D |
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Volume |
86 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
085033 - 21pp |
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Abstract |
We present the general derivation of the full nonperturbative equation that governs the momentum evolution of the dynamically generated gluon mass, in the Landau gauge. The entire construction hinges crucially on the inclusion of longitudinally coupled vertices containing massless poles of nonperturbative origin, which preserve the form of the fundamental Slavnov-Taylor identities of the theory. The mass equation is obtained from a previously unexplored version of the Schwinger-Dyson equation for the gluon propagator, particular to the pinch technique-background field method formalism, which involves a reduced number of two-loop dressed diagrams, thus simplifying the calculational task considerably. The two-loop contributions turn out to be of paramount importance, modifying the qualitative features of the full mass equation and enabling the emergence of physically meaningful solutions. Specifically, the resulting homogeneous integral equation is solved numerically, subject to certain approximations, for the entire range of physical momenta, yielding positive-definite and monotonically decreasing gluon masses. |
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Address |
[Binosi, D.] European Ctr Theoret Studies Nucl Phys & Related, I-38123 Villazzano, Trento, Italy |
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Amer Physical Soc |
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English |
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1550-7998 |
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Notes |
WOS:000309999700007 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
1196 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
