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Author |
Herrero-Garcia, J.; Patrick, R.; Scaffidi, A. |

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Title  |
A semi-supervised approach to dark matter searches in direct detection data with machine learning |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. |
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Volume |
02 |
Issue |
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Pages |
039 - 19pp |
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Abstract |
The dark matter sector remains completely unknown. It is therefore crucial to keep an open mind regarding its nature and possible interactions. Focusing on the case of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles, in this work we make this general philosophy more concrete by applying modern machine learning techniques to dark matter direct detection. We do this by encoding and decoding the graphical representation of background events in the XENONnT experiment with a convolutional variational autoencoder. We describe a methodology that utilizes the `anomaly score' derived from the reconstruction loss of the convolutional variational autoencoder as well as a pre-trained standard convolutional neural network, in a semi-supervised fashion. Indeed, we observe that optimum results are obtained only when both unsupervised and supervised anomaly scores are considered together. A data set that has a higher proportion of anomaly score is deemed anomalous and deserves further investigation. Contrary to classical analyses, in principle all information about the events is used, preventing unnecessary information loss. Lastly, we demonstrate the reach of learning-focused anomaly detection in this context by comparing results with classical inference, observing that, if tuned properly, these techniques have the potential to outperform likelihood-based methods. |
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no |
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yes |
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yes |
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IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
5495 |
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Author |
Bas i Beneito, A.; Gargalionis, J.; Herrero-Garcia, J.; Santamaria, A.; Schmidt, M.A. |

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Title  |
An EFT approach to baryon number violation: lower limits on the new physics scale and correlations between nucleon decay modes |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2024 |
Publication |
Journal of High Energy Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. High Energy Phys. |
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07 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
004 - 37pp |
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Keywords |
Baryon/Lepton Number Violation; SMEFT; Specific BSM Phenomenology |
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Abstract |
Baryon number is an accidental symmetry of the Standard Model at the Lagrangian level. Its violation is arguably one of the most compelling phenomena predicted by physics beyond the Standard Model. Furthermore, there is a large experimental effort to search for it including the Hyper-K, DUNE, JUNO, and THEIA experiments. Therefore, an agnostic, model-independent, analysis of baryon number violation using the power of Effective Field Theory is very timely. In particular, in this work we study the contribution of dimension six and seven effective operators to |triangle(B – L)| = 0, 2 nucleon decays taking into account the effects of Renormalisation Group Evolution. We obtain lower limits on the energy scale of each operator and study the correlations between different decay modes. We find that for some operators the effect of running is very significant. |
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Address |
[Bas i Beneito, Arnau; Gargalionis, John; Herrero-Garcia, Juan; Santamaria, Arcadi] Univ Valencia, Dept Fis Teor, Burjassot 46100, Spain, Email: arnau.bas@ific.uv.es; |
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Springer |
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1029-8479 |
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WOS:001262559200004 |
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no |
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yes |
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yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
6181 |
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Author |
Herrero-Garcia, J.; Schwetz, T.; Zupan, J. |

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Title  |
Astrophysics independent bounds on the annual modulation of dark matter signals |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Physical Review Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Rev. Lett. |
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Volume |
109 |
Issue |
14 |
Pages |
141301 - 5pp |
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Abstract |
We show how constraints on the time integrated event rate from a given dark matter (DM) direct detection experiment can be used to bound the amplitude of the annual modulation signal in another experiment. The method requires only mild assumptions about the properties of the local DM distribution: that it is temporally stable on the scale of months and spatially homogeneous on the ecliptic. We apply the method to the annual modulation signal in DAMA/LIBRA, which we compare to the bounds derived from XENON10, XENON100, cryogenic DM search, and SIMPLE data. Assuming a DM mass of 10 GeV, we show that under the above assumptions about the DM halo, a DM interpretation of the DAMA/LIBRA signal is excluded for several classes of models: at 6.3 sigma (4.6 sigma) for elastic isospin conserving (violating) spin-independent interactions, and at 4.9 sigma for elastic spin-dependent interactions on protons. |
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[Herrero-Garcia, Juan] Univ Valencia, CSIC, Dept Fis Teor, E-46071 Valencia, Spain, Email: juan.a.herrero@uv.es; |
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Amer Physical Soc |
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English |
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0031-9007 |
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Notes |
WOS:000309455600003 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
1179 |
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Author |
Herrero-Garcia, J.; Landini, G.; Vatsyayan, D. |

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Title  |
Asymmetries in extended dark sectors: a cogenesis scenario |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Journal of High Energy Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. High Energy Phys. |
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Volume |
05 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
049 - 41pp |
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Keywords |
Models for Dark Matter; Particle Nature of Dark Matter |
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Abstract |
The observed dark matter relic abundance may be explained by different mechanisms, such as thermal freeze-out/freeze-in, with one or more symmetric/asymmetric components. In this work we investigate the role played by asymmetries in determining the yield and nature of dark matter in non-minimal scenarios with more than one dark matter particle. In particular, we show that the energy density of a particle may come from an asymmetry, even if the particle is asymptotically symmetric by nature. To illustrate the different effects of asymmetries, we adopt a model with two dark matter components. We embed it in a multi-component cogenesis scenario that is also able to reproduce neutrino masses and the baryon asymmetry. In some cases, the model predicts an interesting monochromatic neutrino line that may be searched for at neutrino telescopes. |
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Address |
[Herrero-Garcia, Juan] Univ Valencia, Dept Fis Teor, C Catedrat Jose Beltran 2, E-46980 Paterna, Spain, Email: juan.herrero@ific.uv.es; |
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Springer |
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English |
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1029-8479 |
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Notes |
WOS:000988319500002 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
no |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
5550 |
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Author |
Coito, L.; Faubel, C.; Herrero-Garcia, J.; Santamaria, A. |

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Title  |
Dark matter from a complex scalar singlet: the role of dark CP and other discrete symmetries |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of High Energy Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. High Energy Phys. |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
202 - 34pp |
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Keywords |
Beyond Standard Model; Cosmology of Theories beyond the SM |
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We study the case of a pseudo-scalar dark matter candidate which emerges from a complex scalar singlet, charged under a global U(1) symmetry, which is broken both explicitly and spontaneously. The pseudo-scalar is naturally stabilized by the presence of a remnant discrete symmetry: dark CP. We study and compare the phenomenology of several simplified models with only one explicit symmetry breaking term. We find that several regions of the parameter space are able to reproduce the observed dark matter abundance while respecting direct detection and invisible Higgs decay limits: in the resonances of the two scalars, featuring the known as forbidden or secluded dark matter, and through non-resonant Higgs-mediated annihilations. In some cases, combining different measurements would allow one to distinguish the breaking pattern of the symmetry. Moreover, this setup admits a light DM candidate at the sub-GeV scale. We also discuss the situation where more than one symmetry breaking term is present. In that case, the dark CP symmetry may be spontaneously broken, thus spoiling the stability of the dark matter candidate. Requiring that this does not happen imposes a constraint on the allowed parameter space. Finally, we consider an effective field theory approach valid in the pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson limit and when the U(1) breaking scale is much larger than the electroweak scale. |
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[Coito, Leonardo] Univ Valencia, Dept Fis Teor, Dr Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain, Email: leonardo.coito@uv.es; |
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Springer |
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English |
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1029-8479 |
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Notes |
WOS:000723081600002 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
no |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
5031 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Herrero-Garcia, J.; Landini, G.; Yanagida, T.T. |

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Title  |
Dark matter in the high-scale seesaw leptogenesis paradigm |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2025 |
Publication |
Physical Review D |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Rev. D |
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Volume |
111 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
075033 - 9pp |
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Abstract |
The seesaw mechanism with three heavy Majorana right-handed neutrinos provides an elegant explanation for neutrino masses and, combined with leptogenesis, can generate the baryon asymmetry of the universe (BAU). Naturally embedded in a grand unified theory, this framework stands as one of the best-motivated extensions beyond the Standard Model, but it is very difficult to test it. Moreover, it does not account for dark matter (DM). In this paper, we propose a minimal extension that introduces a dark sector with a singlet Majorana fermion (as the DM candidate) and a complex scalar singlet. The heavy righthanded neutrinos serve another role beyond generating neutrino masses and the BAU: producing the cold DM density through their decays. Interestingly, the model also predicts a subdominant DM component from late scalar decays, which in some cases may be hot or warm at the onset of structure formation, as well as an equal number of nonthermal neutrinos. These components leave distinct signatures in various cosmological observables. Furthermore, electromagnetic energy injection from scalar decays alter predictions from big bang nucleosynthesis and induce spectral distortions in the cosmic microwave background black-body spectrum. In this context, upcoming experiments, such as the Primordial Inflation Explorer (PIXIE), could probe the mechanism of neutrino mass generation. |
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Address |
[Herrero-Garcia, Juan] Univ Valencia, Dept Fis Teor, Burjassot 46100, Spain, Email: juanherrero@ific.uv.es; |
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Amer Physical Soc |
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English |
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ISSN |
2470-0010 |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:001487701700007 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
6657 |
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Author |
Aristizabal Sierra, D.; Herrero-Garcia, J.; Restrepo, D.; Vicente, A. |

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Title  |
Diboson anomaly: Heavy Higgs resonance and QCD vectorlike exotics |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Physical Review D |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Rev. D |
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Volume |
93 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
015012 - 12pp |
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Abstract |
The ATLAS Collaboration (and also CMS) has recently reported an excess over Standard Model expectations for gauge boson pair production in the invariant mass region 1.8-2.2 TeV. In light of these results, we argue that such a signal might be the first manifestation of the production and further decay of a heavy CP-even Higgs resulting from a type-I two Higgs doublet model. We demonstrate that in the presence of colored vectorlike fermions, its gluon fusion production cross section is strongly enhanced, with the enhancement depending on the color representation of the new fermion states. Our findings show that barring the color triplet case, any QCD “exotic” representation can fit the ATLAS result in fairly large portions of the parameter space. We have found that if the diboson excess is confirmed and this mechanism is indeed responsible for it, then the LHC Run-2 should find (i) a CP-odd scalar with mass below similar to 2.3 TeV, (ii) new colored states with masses below similar to 2 TeV, (iii) no statistically significant diboson events in the W(+/-)Z channel, (iv) events in the triboson channels W(+/-)W(-/+)Z and ZZZ with invariant mass amounting to the mass of the CP-odd scalar. |
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[Sierra, D. Aristizabal] Univ Liege, Dept AGO, IFPA, Bat B5, B-4000 Liege 1, Belgium, Email: daristizabal@ulg.ac.be; |
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Amer Physical Soc |
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English |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1550-7998 |
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Notes |
WOS:000368516100007 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
2535 |
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Author |
Berbig, M.; Herrero-Garcia, J.; Landini, G. |

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Title  |
Dynamical origin of neutrino masses and dark matter from a new confining sector |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2024 |
Publication |
Physical Review D |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Rev. D |
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Volume |
110 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
035011 - 13pp |
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Abstract |
A dynamical mechanism, based on a confining non-Abelian dark symmetry, which generates Majorana masses for hyperchargeless fermions, is proposed. We apply it to the inverse seesaw scenario, which allows us to generate light neutrino masses from the interplay of TeV-scale pseudo-Dirac mass terms and a small explicit breaking of lepton number. A single generation of vectorlike dark quarks, transforming under a SU(3)D gauge symmetry, is coupled to a real singlet scalar, which serves as a portal between the dark quark condensate and three generations of heavy sterile neutrinos. Such a dark sector and the Standard Model (SM) are kept in thermal equilibrium with each other via sizable Yukawa couplings to the heavy neutrinos. In this framework, the lightest dark baryon, which has spin 3/2 and is stabilized at the renormalizable level by an accidental dark baryon number symmetry, can account for the observed relic density via thermal freeze-out from annihilations into the lightest dark mesons. These mesons, in turn, decay to heavy neutrinos, which produce SM final states upon decay. This model may be probed by next generation neutrino telescopes via neutrino lines produced from dark matter annihilations. |
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Address |
[Berbig, Maximilian; Herrero-Garcia, Juan] Univ Valencia, Dept Fis Teor, Burjassot 46100, Spain, Email: berbig@ific.uv.es; |
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Amer Physical Soc |
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English |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2470-0010 |
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Area |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:001347981700001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
no |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
6339 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Cai, Y.; Herrero-Garcia, J.; Schmidt, M.A.; Vicente, A.; Volkas, R.R. |

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Title  |
From the Trees to the Forest: A Review of Radiative Neutrino Mass Models |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Front. Physics |
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Volume |
5 |
Issue |
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Pages |
63 - 56pp |
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Keywords |
neutrino masses; lepton flavor violation; lepton number violation; beyond the standard model; effective field theory; model building; LHC; dark matter |
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Abstract |
A plausible explanation for the lightness of neutrino masses is that neutrinos are massless at tree level, with their mass (typically Majorana) being generated radiatively at one or more loops. The new couplings, together with the suppression coming from the loop factors, imply that the new degrees of freedom cannot be too heavy (they are typically at the TeV scale). Therefore, in these models there are no large mass hierarchies and they can be tested using different searches, making their detailed phenomenological study very appealing. In particular, the new particles can be searched for at colliders and generically induce signals in lepton-flavor and lepton-number violating processes (in the case of Majorana neutrinos), which are not independent from reproducing correctly the neutrino masses and mixings. The main focus of the review is on Majorana neutrinos. We order the allowed theory space from three different perspectives: (i) using an effective operator approach to lepton number violation, (ii) by the number of loops at which the Weinberg operator is generated, (iii) within a given loop order, by the possible irreducible topologies. We also discuss in more detail some popular radiative models which involve qualitatively different features, revisiting their most important phenomenological implications. Finally, we list some promising avenues to pursue. |
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Address |
[Cai, Yi] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Phys, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China, Email: juan.herrero-garcia@coepp.org.au; |
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Frontiers Research Foundation |
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English |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2296-424x |
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Notes |
WOS:000416908800001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
3393 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Bozorgnia, N.; Herrero-Garcia, J.; Schwetz, T.; Zupan, J. |

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Title  |
Halo-independent methods for inelastic dark matter scattering |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. |
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Volume |
07 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
049 - 15pp |
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Keywords |
dark matter theory; dark matter experiments |
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Abstract |
We present halo-independent methods to analyze the results of dark matter direct detection experiments assuming inelastic scattering. We focus on the annual modulation signal reported by DAMA/LIBRA and present three different halo-independent tests. First, we compare it to the upper limit on the unmodulated rate from XENON100 using (a) the trivial requirement that the amplitude of the annual modulation has to be smaller than the bound on the unmodulated rate, and (b) a bound on the annual modulation amplitude based on an expansion in the Earth's velocity. The third test uses the special predictions of the signal shape for inelastic scattering and allows for an internal consistency check of the data without referring to any astrophysics. We conclude that a strong conflict between DAMA/LIBRA and XENON100 in the framework of spin-independent inelastic scattering can be established independently of the local properties of the dark matter halo. |
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Address |
[Bozorgnia, Nassim; Schwetz, Thomas] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany, Email: bozorgnia@mpi-hd.mpg.de; |
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Publisher |
Iop Publishing Ltd |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1475-7516 |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:000322582000050 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
1530 |
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Permanent link to this record |