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Vento, V. (2021). Primordial monopolium as dark matter. Eur. Phys. J. C, 81(3), 229–9pp.
Abstract: The existence of monopoles is a characteristic signature of Kaluza-Klein multidimensional theories. The topology of these solutions is extremely interesting. The existence of a dipole solution, which we have associated to a monopole-anti-monopole bound state, is the leitmotiv of this investigation. The dipole in its lowest energy state, which we here call also monopolium, is electromagnetically inert in free space interacting only gravitationally. Monopolium when interacting with time dependent magnetic fields acquires a time dependent induced magnetic moment and radiates. We have analyzed the most favorable astrophysical scenario for radiative monopolium and found that the amount of radiation is so small that is not detectable by conventional equipments. These findings suggest that Kaluza-Klein monopolium, if existent, would be a candidate for a primordial dark matter constituent.
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Rinaldi, M., & Vento, V. (2021). Meson and glueball spectroscopy within the graviton soft wall model. Phys. Rev. D, 104(3), 034016–17pp.
Abstract: The graviton soft wall (GSW) model provides a unified description of the scalar glueball and meson spectra with a unique energy scale. This success has led us to extend the analysis to the description of the spectra of other hadrons. We use this model to calculate masses of the odd and even ground states of glueballs for various spins, and show that the GSW model is able to reproduce the Regge trajectory of these systems. In addition, the spectra of the rho, a(1 )and eta mesons will be addressed. Results are in excellent agreement with current experimental data. Furthermore such an achievement is obtained without any additional parameters. Indeed, the only two parameters appearing in these spectra are those that were previously fixed by the light scalar meson and glueball spectra. Finally, in order to describe the pi meson spectrum, a suitable modification of the dilaton profile function has been included in the analysis to properly take into account the Goldstone realisation of chiral symmetry. The present investigation confirms that the GSW model provides an excellent description of the spectra of mesons and glueballs with only a small number of parameters unveiling a relevant predicting power.
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Rinaldi, M., & Vento, V. (2022). Glueballs at high temperature within the hard-wall holographic model. Eur. Phys. J. C, 82(2), 140–10pp.
Abstract: In this investigation an holographic description of the deconfined phase transition of scalar and tensor glueballs is presented within the so called hard-wall model. The spectra of these bound states of gluons have been calculated from the linearized Einstein equations for a graviton propagating from a thermal AdS(5) space to an AdS Black-Hole. In this framework, the deconfined phase is reached via a two steps mechanism. We propose that the transition between the AdS thermal sector to the BH is described via a first order phase transition, with discontinuous masses at the critical temperature, which has been determined by Herzog's method of regulating the free energy densities. Then, the glueball masses diverge with increasing T in the BH phase and thus lead to deconfined states a la Hagedorn.
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MoEDAL Collaboration(Acharya, B. et al), Mitsou, V. A., Papavassiliou, J., Ruiz de Austri, R., Santra, A., Vento, V., et al. (2022). Search for magnetic monopoles produced via the Schwinger mechanism. Nature, 602(7895), 63–67.
Abstract: Electrically charged particles can be created by the decay of strong enough electric fields, a phenomenon known as the Schwinger mechanism(1). By electromagnetic duality, a sufficiently strong magnetic field would similarly produce magnetic monopoles, if they exist(2). Magnetic monopoles are hypothetical fundamental particles that are predicted by several theories beyond the standard model(3-7) but have never been experimentally detected. Searching for the existence of magnetic monopoles via the Schwinger mechanism has not yet been attempted, but it is advantageous, owing to the possibility of calculating its rate through semi-classical techniques without perturbation theory, as well as that the production of the magnetic monopoles should be enhanced by their finite size(8,9) and strong coupling to photons(2,10). Here we present a search for magnetic monopole production by the Schwinger mechanism in Pb-Pb heavy ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider, producing the strongest known magnetic fields in the current Universe(11). It was conducted by the MoEDAL experiment, whose trapping detectors were exposed to 0.235 per nanobarn, or approximately 1.8 x 10(9), of Pb-Pb collisions with 5.02-teraelectronvolt center-of-mass energy per collision in November 2018. A superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer scanned the trapping detectors of MoEDAL for the presence of magnetic charge, which would induce a persistent current in the SQUID. Magnetic monopoles with integer Dirac charges of 1, 2 and 3 and masses up to 75 gigaelectronvolts per speed of light squared were excluded by the analysis at the 95% confidence level. This provides a lower mass limit for finite-size magnetic monopoles from a collider search and greatly extends previous mass bounds.
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Fanchiotti, H., Garcia Canal, C. A., Mayosky, M., Veiga, A., & Vento, V. (2022). Measuring the Hannay geometric phase. Am. J. Phys., 90(6), 430–435.
Abstract: The Hannay geometric phase is the classical analog of the well-known Berry phase. Its most familiar example is the effect of the latitude lambda on the motion of a Foucault pendulum. We describe an electronic network whose behavior is exactly equivalent to that of the pendulum. The circuit can be constructed from off-the-shelf components using two matched transconductance amplifiers that comprise a gyrator to introduce the non-reciprocal behavior needed to mimic the pendulum. One may precisely measure the dependence of the Hannay phase on lambda by circuit simulation and by laboratory measurements on a constructed circuit.
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Rinaldi, M., Ceccopieri, F. A., & Vento, V. (2022). The pion in the graviton soft-wall model: phenomenological applications. Eur. Phys. J. C, 82(7), 626–18pp.
Abstract: The holographic graviton soft-wall model, introduced to describe the spectrum of scalar and tensor glueballs, is improved to incorporate the realization of chiral-symmetry as in QCD. Such a goal is achieved by including the longitudinal dynamics of QCD into the scheme. Using the relation between AdS/QCD and light-front dynamics, we construct the appropriate wave function for the pion which is used to calculate several pion observables. The comparison of our results with phenomenology is remarkably successful.
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MoEDAL Collaboration(Acharya, B. et al), Musumeci, E., Mitsou, V. A., Papavassiliou, J., Ruiz de Austri, R., Santra, A., et al. (2022). Search for highly-ionizing particles in pp collisions at the LHC's Run-1 using the prototype MoEDAL detector. Eur. Phys. J. C, 82(8), 694–16pp.
Abstract: A search for highly electrically charged objects (HECOs) and magnetic monopoles is presented using 2.2 fb(-1) of p – p collision data taken at a centre of mass energy (E-CM) of 8 TeV by the MoEDAL detector during LHC's Run-1. The data were collected using MoEDAL's prototype Nuclear Track Detectord array and the Trapping Detector array. The results are interpreted in terms of Drell-Yan pair production of stable HECO and monopole pairs with three spin hypotheses (0, 1/2 and 1). The search provides constraints on the direct production of magnetic monopoles carrying one to four Dirac magnetic charges and with mass limits ranging from 590 GeV/c(2) to 1 TeV/c(2). Additionally, mass limits are placed on HECOs with charge in the range 10e to 180e, where e is the charge of an electron, for masses between 30 GeV/c(2) and 1 TeV/c(2).
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Fanchiotti, H., Garcia Canal, C. A., Traini, M., & Vento, V. (2022). Signatures of excited monopolium. Eur. Phys. J. Plus, 137(12), 1316–19pp.
Abstract: We study electromagnetic properties of particles with magnetic moment and no charge using their behavior when traversing coils and solenoids. These particles via the Faraday-Lenz law create a current whose energy we calculate. We analyze both the case of very long lived, almost stable, particles and those with a finite lifetime. We use this development to study the behavior of monopolium a monopole-antimonopole bound state in its excited states.
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Fanchiotti, H., Garcia Canal, C. A., Mayosky, M., Veiga, A., & Vento, V. (2023). The Geometric Phase in Classical Systems and in the Equivalent Quantum Hermitian and Non-Hermitian PT-Symmetric Systems. Braz. J. Phys., 53(6), 143–11pp.
Abstract: The decomplexification procedure allows one to show mathematically (stricto sensu) the equivalence (isomorphism) between the quantum dynamics of a system with a finite number of basis states and a classical dynamics system. This unique way of connecting different dynamics was used in the past to analyze the relationship between the well-known geometric phase present in the quantum evolution discovered by Berry and its generalizations, with their analogs, the Hannay phases, in the classical domain. In here, this analysis is carried out for several quantum hermitian and non-hermitian PT-symmetric Hamiltonians and compared with the Hannay phase analysis in their classical isomorphic equivalent systems. As the equivalence ends in the classical domain with oscillator dynamics, we exploit the analogy to propose resonant electric circuits coupled with a gyrator, to reproduce the geometric phase coming from the theoretical solutions, in simulated laboratory experiments.
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Garcia Canal, C. A., Tarutina, T., & Vento, V. (2023). Analysis of Nuclear Effects in Structure Functions and Their Connection with the Binding Energy of Nuclei. Braz. J. Phys., 53(6), 161–8pp.
Abstract: We describe nuclear effects in structure functions of nuclei in DIS by means of a multiplicative factor beta(A)(x) which differentiates the structure function of the bound nucleons from that of the free nucleons. Our analysis determines that beta(A)(x) establishes a relation between the quark-gluon dynamics expressed by the bound nucleon structure functions and the nuclear dynamics as described by the well-known semi-empirical Bethe-Weizsacker mass formula. This relation corroborates a connection between the underlying quark-gluon dynamics and the phenomenological nuclear dynamics.
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