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Author |
Jueid, A.; Kip, J.; Ruiz de Austri, R.; Skands, P. |
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Title |
The Strong Force meets the Dark Sector: a robust estimate of QCD uncertainties for anti-matter dark matter searches |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year  |
2024 |
Publication |
Journal of High Energy Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. High Energy Phys. |
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Volume |
02 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
119 - 48pp |
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Keywords |
Cosmic Rays; Particle Nature of Dark Matter; Specific QCD Phenomenology |
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Abstract |
In dark-matter annihilation channels to hadronic final states, stable particles – such as positrons, photons, antiprotons, and antineutrinos – are produced via complex sequences of phenomena including QED/QCD radiation, hadronisation, and hadron decays. These processes are normally modelled by Monte Carlo (MC) event generators whose limited accuracy imply intrinsic QCD uncertainties on the predictions for indirect-detection experiments like Fermi-LAT, Pamela, IceCube or Ams-02. In this article, we perform a comprehensive analysis of QCD uncertainties, meaning both perturbative and nonperturbative sources of uncertainty are included – estimated via variations of MC renormalization-scale and fragmentation-function parameters, respectively – in antimatter spectra from dark-matter annihilation, based on parametric variations of the Pythia 8 event generator. After performing several retunings of light-quark fragmentation functions, we define a set of variations that span a conservative estimate of the QCD uncertainties. We estimate the effects on antimatter spectra for various annihilation channels and final-state particle species, and discuss their impact on fitted values for the dark-matter mass and thermally-averaged annihilation cross section. We find dramatic impacts which can go up to O(10%) for the annihilation cross section. We provide the spectra in tabulated form including QCD uncertainties and code snippets to perform fast dark-matter fits, in this github repository. |
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Address |
[Jueid, Adil] Inst Basic Sci IBS, Ctr Theoret Phys Universe, Particle Theory & Cosmol Grp, Daejeon 34126, South Korea, Email: adiljueid@ibs.re.kr; |
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Springer |
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English |
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ISSN |
1029-8479 |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:001165531600003 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
5956 |
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Author |
Arina, C.; Di Mauro, M.; Fornengo, N.; Heisig, J.; Jueid, A.; Ruiz de Austri, R. |
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Title |
CosmiXs: cosmic messenger spectra for indirect dark matter searches |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2024 |
Publication |
Journal of Cosmology And Astroparticle Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. |
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Volume |
03 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
035 - 41pp |
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Keywords |
dark matter experiments; dark matter simulations; dark matter theory |
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Abstract |
The energy spectra of particles produced from dark matter (DM) annihilation or decay are one of the fundamental ingredients to calculate the predicted fluxes of cosmic rays and radiation searched for in indirect DM detection. We revisit the calculation of the source spectra for annihilating and decaying DM using the VINCIA shower algorithm in PYTHIA to include QED and QCD final state radiation and diagrams for the EW corrections with massive bosons, not present in the default PYTHIA shower model. We take into account the spin information of the particles during the entire EW shower and the off -shell contributions from massive gauge bosons. Furthermore, we perform a dedicated tuning of the VINCIA and PYTHIA parameters to LEP data on the production of pions, photons, and hyperons at the Z resonance and discuss the underlying uncertainties. To enable the use of our results in DM studies, we provide the tabulated source spectra for the most relevant cosmic messenger particles, namely antiprotons, positrons, gamma rays and the three neutrino flavors, for all the fermionic and bosonic channels and DM masses between 5 GeV and 100 TeV, on github. |
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Address |
[Arina, Chiara] Catholic Univ Louvain, Ctr Cosmol Particle Phys & Phenomenol CP3, Chemin Cyclotron 2, B-1348 Louvain La Neuve, Belgium, Email: chiara.arina@uclouvain.be; |
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Publisher |
IOP Publishing Ltd |
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English |
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ISSN |
1475-7516 |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:001195757300003 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
6041 |
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Author |
Ferrer-Sanchez, A.; Martin-Guerrero, J.; Ruiz de Austri, R.; Torres-Forne, A.; Font, J.A. |
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Title |
Gradient-annihilated PINNs for solving Riemann problems: Application to relativistic hydrodynamics |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2024 |
Publication |
Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering |
Abbreviated Journal |
Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. |
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Volume |
424 |
Issue |
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Pages |
116906 - 18pp |
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Keywords |
Riemann problem; Euler equations; Machine learning; Neural networks; Relativistic hydrodynamics |
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Abstract |
We present a novel methodology based on Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) for solving systems of partial differential equations admitting discontinuous solutions. Our method, called Gradient-Annihilated PINNs (GA-PINNs), introduces a modified loss function that forces the model to partially ignore high-gradients in the physical variables, achieved by introducing a suitable weighting function. The method relies on a set of hyperparameters that control how gradients are treated in the physical loss. The performance of our methodology is demonstrated by solving Riemann problems in special relativistic hydrodynamics, extending earlier studies with PINNs in the context of the classical Euler equations. The solutions obtained with the GA-PINN model correctly describe the propagation speeds of discontinuities and sharply capture the associated jumps. We use the relative l(2) error to compare our results with the exact solution of special relativistic Riemann problems, used as the reference ''ground truth'', and with the corresponding error obtained with a second-order, central, shock-capturing scheme. In all problems investigated, the accuracy reached by the GA-PINN model is comparable to that obtained with a shock-capturing scheme, achieving a performance superior to that of the baseline PINN algorithm in general. An additional benefit worth stressing is that our PINN-based approach sidesteps the costly recovery of the primitive variables from the state vector of conserved variables, a well-known drawback of grid-based solutions of the relativistic hydrodynamics equations. Due to its inherent generality and its ability to handle steep gradients, the GA-PINN methodology discussed in this paper could be a valuable tool to model relativistic flows in astrophysics and particle physics, characterized by the prevalence of discontinuous solutions. |
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Address |
[Ferrer-Sanchez, Antonio; Martin-Guerrero, JoseD.] ETSE UV, Elect Engn Dept, IDAL, Avgda Univ S-N, Valencia 46100, Spain, Email: Antonio.Ferrer-Sanchez@uv.es |
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Corporate Author |
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Publisher |
Elsevier Science Sa |
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English |
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ISSN |
0045-7825 |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:001221797400001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
no |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
6126 |
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Author |
van Beekveld, M.; Beenakker, W.; Caron, S.; Kip, J.; Ruiz de Austri, R.; Zhang, Z.Y. |
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Title |
Non-standard neutrino spectra from annihilating neutralino dark matter |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Scipost Physics Core |
Abbreviated Journal |
SciPost Phys. Core |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
006 - 23pp |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Neutrino telescope experiments are rapidly becoming more competitive in indirect de-tection searches for dark matter. Neutrino signals arising from dark matter annihilations are typically assumed to originate from the hadronisation and decay of Standard Model particles. Here we showcase a supersymmetric model, the BLSSMIS, that can simulta-neously obey current experimental limits while still providing a potentially observable non-standard neutrino spectrum from dark matter annihilation. |
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Address |
[van Beekveld, Melissa] Univ Oxford, Rudolf Peierls Ctr Theoret Phys, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England, Email: melissa.vanbeekveld@physics.ox.ac.uk; |
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Publisher |
Scipost Foundation |
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English |
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Notes |
WOS:000928492200001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
5480 |
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Author |
Flores, M.M.; Kim, J.S.; Rolbiecki, K.; Ruiz de Austri, R. |
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Title |
Updated LHC bounds on MUED after run 2 |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
International Journal of Modern Physics A |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int. J. Mod. Phys. A |
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Volume |
38 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
2350002 - 14pp |
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Keywords |
Universal extra dimensions; large hadron collider; phenomenology |
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Abstract |
We present updated LHC limits on the minimal universal extra dimensions (MUEDs) model from the Run 2 searches. We scan the parameter space against a number of searches implemented in the public code CheckMATE and derive up-to-date limits on the MUED parameter space from 13TeV searches. The strongest constraints come from a search dedicated to squarks and gluinos with one isolated lepton, jets and missing transverse energy. In the procedure, we take into account initial state radiation and stress its importance in the MUED searches, which is not always appreciated. |
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Address |
[Flores, Marvin M.] Univ Philippines, Natl Inst Phys, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines, Email: mflores@nip.upd.edu.ph |
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Publisher |
World Scientific Publ Co Pte Ltd |
Place of Publication |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0217-751x |
ISBN |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:000936994000001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
5487 |
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Author |
Caron, S.; Ruiz de Austri, R.; Zhang, Z.Y. |
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Title |
Mixture-of-Theories training: can we find new physics and anomalies better by mixing physical theories? |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Journal of High Energy Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. High Energy Phys. |
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Volume |
03 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
004 - 37pp |
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Keywords |
Specific BSM Phenomenology; Supersymmetry |
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Abstract |
Model-independent search strategies have been increasingly proposed in recent years because on the one hand there has been no clear signal for new physics and on the other hand there is a lack of a highly probable and parameter-free extension of the standard model. For these reasons, there is no simple search target so far. In this work, we try to take a new direction and ask the question: bearing in mind that we have a large number of new physics theories that go beyond the Standard Model and may contain a grain of truth, can we improve our search strategy for unknown signals by using them “in combination”? In particular, we show that a signal hypothesis based on a large, intermingled set of many different theoretical signal models can be a superior approach to find an unknown BSM signal. Applied to a recent data challenge, we show that “mixture-of-theories training” outperforms strategies that optimize signal regions with a single BSM model as well as most unsupervised strategies. Applications of this work include anomaly detection and the definition of signal regions in the search for signals of new physics. |
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Address |
[Caron, Sascha; Zhang, Zhongyi] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, High Energy Phys, Heyendaalseweg 135, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands, Email: scaron@nikhef.nl; |
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Publisher |
Springer |
Place of Publication |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1029-8479 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:000943095100001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
5494 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Kim, J.S.; Lopez-Fogliani, D.E.; Perez, A.D.; Ruiz de Austri, R. |
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Title |
Right-handed sneutrino and gravitino multicomponent dark matter in light of neutrino detectors |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. |
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Volume |
04 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
050 - 32pp |
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Keywords |
dark matter theory; dark matter experiments; neutrino detectors |
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Abstract |
We investigate the possibility that right-handed (RH) sneutrinos and gravitinos can coexist and explain the dark matter (DM) problem. We compare extensions of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) and the next-to-MSSM (NMSSM) adding RH neutrinos superfields, with special emphasis on the latter. If the gravitino is the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP) and the RH sneutrino the next-to-LSP (NLSP), the heavier particle decays to the former plus left-handed (LH) neutrinos through the mixing between the scalar partners of the LH and RH neutrinos. However, the interaction is suppressed by the Planck mass, and if the LH-RH sneutrino mixing parameter is small, << O(10-2), a long-lived RH sneutrino NLSP is possible even surpassing the age of the Universe. As a byproduct, the NLSP to LSP decay produces monochromatic neutrinos in the ballpark of current and planned neutrino telescopes like Super-Kamiokande, IceCube and Antares that we use to set constraints and show prospects of detection. In the NMSSM+RHN, assuming a gluino mass parameter M3 = 3 TeV we found the following lower limits for the gravitino mass m3/2 >= 1-600 GeV and the reheating temperature TR >= 105-3 x 107 GeV, for m nu similar to R similar to 10-800 GeV. If we take M3 = 10 TeV, then the limits on TR are relaxed by one order of magnitude. |
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Address |
[Kim, Jong Soo] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, Johannesburg, South Africa, Email: jongsoo.kim@tu-dortmund.de; |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
IOP Publishing Ltd |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1475-7516 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:000975382300001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
5523 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Jueid, A.; Kip, J.; Ruiz de Austri, R.; Skands, P. |
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Title |
Impact of QCD uncertainties on antiproton spectra from dark-matter annihilation |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. |
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Volume |
04 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
068 - 15pp |
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Keywords |
cosmic ray theory; dark matter simulations; cosmic ray experiments; Frequentist statistics |
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Abstract |
Dark-matter particles that annihilate or decay can undergo complex sequences of processes, including strong and electromagnetic radiation, hadronisation, and hadron de-cays, before particles that are stable on astrophysical time scales are produced. Antiprotons produced in this way may leave footprints in experiments such as AMS-02. Several groups have reported an excess of events in the antiproton flux in the rigidity range of 10-20 GV. However, the theoretical modeling of baryon production is not straightforward and relies in part on phenomenological models in Monte Carlo event generators. In this work, we assess the impact of QCD uncertainties on the spectra of antiprotons from dark-matter annihila-tion. As a proof-of-principle, we show that for a two-parameter model that depends only on the thermally-averaged annihilation cross section ((o -v)) and the dark-matter mass (Mx), QCD uncertainties can affect the best-fit mass by up to ti 14% (with large uncertainties for large DM masses), depending on the choice of Mx and the annihilation channel (bb over bar or W+W-), and (o -v) by up to ti 10%. For comparison, changes to the underlying diffusion parameters are found to be within 1%-5%, and the results are also quite resilient to the choice of cosmic-ray propagation model. These findings indicate that QCD uncertainties need to be included in future DM analyses. To facilitate full-fledged analyses, we provide the spectra in tabulated form including QCD uncertainties and code snippets to perform mass interpolations and quick DM fits. The code can be found in this GitHub [1] repository. |
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Address |
[Jueid, Adil] Inst Basic Sci IBS, Ctr Theoret Phys Universe, Daejeon 34126, South Korea, Email: adiljueid@ibs.re.kr; |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
IOP Publishing Ltd |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1475-7516 |
ISBN |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:000985779900007 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
5532 |
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Author |
Caron, S.; Eckner, C.; Hendriks, L.; Johannesson, G.; Ruiz de Austri, R.; Zaharijas, G. |
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Title |
Mind the gap: the discrepancy between simulation and reality drives interpretations of the Galactic Center Excess |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. |
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Volume |
06 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
013 - 56pp |
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Keywords |
dark matter simulations; gamma ray experiments; Machine learning; millisecond pulsars |
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Abstract |
The Galactic Center Excess (GCE) in GeV gamma rays has been debated for over a decade, with the possibility that it might be due to dark matter annihilation or undetected point sources such as millisecond pulsars (MSPs). This study investigates how the gamma-ray emission model (-yEM) used in Galactic center analyses affects the interpretation of the GCE's nature. To address this issue, we construct an ultra-fast and powerful inference pipeline based on convolutional Deep Ensemble Networks. We explore the two main competing hypotheses for the GCE using a set of-yEMs with increasing parametric freedom. We calculate the fractional contribution (fsrc) of a dim population of MSPs to the total luminosity of the GCE and analyze its dependence on the complexity of the ryEM. For the simplest ryEM, we obtain fsrc = 0.10 f 0.07, while the most complex model yields fsrc = 0.79 f 0.24. In conclusion, we find that the statement about the nature of the GCE (dark matter or not) strongly depends on the assumed ryEM. The quoted results for fsrc do not account for the additional uncertainty arising from the fact that the observed gamma-ray sky is out-of-distribution concerning the investigated ryEM iterations. We quantify the reality gap between our ryEMs using deep-learning-based One-Class Deep Support Vector Data Description networks, revealing that all employed ryEMs have gaps to reality. Our study casts doubt on the validity of previous conclusions regarding the GCE and dark matter, and underscores the urgent need to account for the reality gap and consider previously overlooked “out of domain” uncertainties in future interpretations. |
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Address |
[Caron, Sascha; Hendriks, Luc] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Theoret High Energy Phys, Heyendaalseweg 135, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands, Email: scaron@nikhef.nl; |
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Publisher |
IOP Publishing Ltd |
Place of Publication |
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English |
Summary Language |
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ISSN |
1475-7516 |
ISBN |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:001025516000009 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
5576 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Stoppa, F.; Ruiz de Austri, R.; Vreeswijk, P.; Bhattacharyya, S.; Caron, S.; Bloemen, S.; Zaharijas, G.; Principe, G.; Vodeb, V.; Groot, P.J.; Cator, E.; Nelemans, G. |
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Title |
AutoSourceID-FeatureExtractor Optical image analysis using a two-step mean variance estimation network for feature estimation and uncertainty characterisation |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Astronomy & Astrophysics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Astron. Astrophys. |
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Volume |
680 |
Issue |
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Pages |
A108 - 14pp |
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Keywords |
astronomical databases: miscellaneous; methods: data analysis; stars: imaging; techniques: image processing |
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Abstract |
Aims. In astronomy, machine learning has been successful in various tasks such as source localisation, classification, anomaly detection, and segmentation. However, feature regression remains an area with room for improvement. We aim to design a network that can accurately estimate sources' features and their uncertainties from single-band image cutouts, given the approximated locations of the sources provided by the previously developed code AutoSourceID-Light (ASID-L) or other external catalogues. This work serves as a proof of concept, showing the potential of machine learning in estimating astronomical features when trained on meticulously crafted synthetic images and subsequently applied to real astronomical data.Methods. The algorithm presented here, AutoSourceID-FeatureExtractor (ASID-FE), uses single-band cutouts of 32x32 pixels around the localised sources to estimate flux, sub-pixel centre coordinates, and their uncertainties. ASID-FE employs a two-step mean variance estimation (TS-MVE) approach to first estimate the features and then their uncertainties without the need for additional information, for example the point spread function (PSF). For this proof of concept, we generated a synthetic dataset comprising only point sources directly derived from real images, ensuring a controlled yet authentic testing environment.Results. We show that ASID-FE, trained on synthetic images derived from the MeerLICHT telescope, can predict more accurate features with respect to similar codes such as SourceExtractor and that the two-step method can estimate well-calibrated uncertainties that are better behaved compared to similar methods that use deep ensembles of simple MVE networks. Finally, we evaluate the model on real images from the MeerLICHT telescope and the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) to test its transfer learning abilities. |
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Address |
[Stoppa, F.; Vreeswijk, P.; Bloemen, S.; Groot, P. J.; Nelemans, G.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Astrophys, IMAPP, POB 9010, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands, Email: f.stoppa@astro.ru.nl |
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Edp Sciences S A |
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English |
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0004-6361 |
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WOS:001131898100003 |
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no |
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yes |
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yes |
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5887 |
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