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Author |
Bernabeu, J. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Symmetries and Their Breaking in the Fundamental Laws of Physics |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Symmetry-Basel |
Abbreviated Journal |
Symmetry-Basel |
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Volume ![sorted by Volume (numeric) field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
12 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
1316 - 27pp |
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Keywords |
flavour families; colour charges; gauge symmetries; chirality; discrete symmetries; neutrinos; spontaneous breaking |
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Abstract |
Symmetries in the Physical Laws of Nature lead to observable effects. Beyond the regularities and conserved magnitudes, the last few decades in particle physics have seen the identification of symmetries, and their well-defined breaking, as the guiding principle for the elementary constituents of matter and their interactions. Flavour SU(3) symmetry of hadrons led to the Quark Model and the antisymmetric requirement under exchange of identical fermions led to the colour degree of freedom. Colour became the generating charge for flavour-independent strong interactions of quarks and gluons in the exact colour SU(3) local gauge symmetry. Parity Violation in weak interactions led us to consider the chiral fields of fermions as the objects with definite transformation properties under the weak isospin SU(2) gauge group of the Unifying Electro-Weak SU(2) x U(1) symmetry, which predicted novel weak neutral current interactions. CP-Violation led to three families of quarks opening the field of Flavour Physics. Time-reversal violation has recently been observed with entangled neutral mesons, compatible with CPT-invariance. The cancellation of gauge anomalies, which would invalidate the gauge symmetry of the quantum field theory, led to Quark-Lepton Symmetry. Neutrinos were postulated in order to save the conservation laws of energy and angular momentum in nuclear beta decay. After the ups and downs of their mass, neutrino oscillations were discovered in 1998, opening a new era about their origin of mass, mixing, discrete symmetries and the possibility of global lepton-number violation through Majorana mass terms and Leptogenesis as the source of the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe. The experimental discovery of quarks and leptons and the mediators of their interactions, with physical observables in spectacular agreement with this Standard Theory, is the triumph of Symmetries. The gauge symmetry is exact only when the particles are massless. One needs a subtle breaking of the symmetry, providing the origin of mass without affecting the excellent description of the interactions. This is the Brout-Englert-Higgs Mechanism, which produces the Higgs Boson as a remnant, discovered at CERN in 2012. Open present problems are addressed with by searching the New Physics Beyond-the-Standard-Model. |
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Address |
[Bernabeu, Jose] Univ Valencia, Dept Theoret Phys, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain, Email: Jose.Bernabeu@uv.es |
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Mdpi |
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WOS:000564717500001 |
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no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
no |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
4523 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Bernabeu, J.; Segarra, A. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Signatures of the genuine and matter-induced components of the CP violation asymmetry in neutrino oscillations |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Journal of High Energy Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. High Energy Phys. |
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Volume ![sorted by Volume (numeric) field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
11 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
063 - 26pp |
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Keywords |
CP violation; Discrete Symmetries; Neutrino Physics |
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Abstract |
CP asymmetries for neutrino oscillations in matter can be disentangled into the matter-induced CPT-odd (T-invariant) component and the genuine T-odd (CPT-invariant) component. For their understanding in terms of the relevant ingredients, we develop a new perturbative expansion in both m2| without any assumptions between m2 and a, and study the subtleties of the vacuum limit in the two terms of the CP asymmetry, moving from the CPT-invariant vacuum limit a 0 to the T-invariant limit m20. In the experimental region of terrestrial accelerator neutrinos, we calculate their approximate expressions from which we prove that, at medium baselines, the CPT-odd component is small and nearly -independent, so it can be subtracted from the experimental CP asymmetry as a theoretical background, provided the hierarchy is known. At long baselines, on the other hand, we find that (i) a Hierarchy-odd term in the CPT-odd component dominates the CP asymmetry for energies above the first oscillation node, and (ii) the CPT-odd term vanishes, independent of the CP phase , at E = 0.92 GeV (L/1300 km) near the second oscillation maximum, where the T-odd term is almost maximal and proportional to sin . A measurement of the CP asymmetry in these energy regions would thus provide separate information on (i) the neutrino mass ordering, and (ii) direct evidence of genuine CP violation in the lepton sector. |
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[Bernabeu, Jose] Univ Valencia, CSIC, Dept Fis Teor, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain, Email: Jose.Bernabeu@uv.es; |
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Springer |
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1029-8479 |
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WOS:000449817300002 |
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no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
no |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
3801 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Bernabeu, J.; Navarro-Salas, J. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
A Non-Local Action for Electrodynamics: Duality Symmetry and the Aharonov-Bohm Effect, Revisited |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Symmetry-Basel |
Abbreviated Journal |
Symmetry-Basel |
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Volume ![sorted by Volume (numeric) field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
11 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
1191 - 13pp |
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Keywords |
non-local action; electrodynamics; electromagnetic duality symmetry; Aharonov-Bohm effect |
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A non-local action functional for electrodynamics depending on the electric and magnetic fields, instead of potentials, has been proposed in the literature. In this work we elaborate and improve this proposal. We also use this formalism to confront the electric-magnetic duality symmetry of the electromagnetic field and the Aharonov-Bohm effect, two subtle aspects of electrodynamics that we examine in a novel way. We show how the former can be derived from the simple harmonic oscillator character of vacuum electrodynamics, while also demonstrating how the magnetic version of the latter naturally arises in an explicitly non-local manner. |
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[Bernabeu, Joan] Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Phys Dept, Theresienstr 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany, Email: Joan.Bernabeu@physik.uni-muenchen.de; |
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Mdpi |
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WOS:000495457600005 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
4192 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Bernabeu, J.; Di Domenico, A.; Villanueva-Perez, P. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Probing CPT in transitions with entangled neutral kaons |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Journal of High Energy Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. High Energy Phys. |
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Volume ![sorted by Volume (numeric) field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
10 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
139 - 19pp |
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Keywords |
Discrete and Finite Symmetries; Kaon Physics; CP violation |
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Abstract |
In this paper we present a novel CPT symmetry test in the neutral kaon system based, for the first time, on the direct comparison of the probabilities of a transition and its CPT reverse. The required interchange of in <-> out states for a given process is obtained exploiting the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlations of neutral kaon pairs produced at a phi-factory. The observable quantities have been constructed by selecting the two semileptonic decays for flavour tag, the pi and 3 pi(0) decays for CP tag and the time orderings of the decay pairs. The interpretation in terms of the standard Weisskopf-Wigner approach to this system, directly connects CPT violation in these observables to the violating R delta parameter in the mass matrix of K-0 – (K) over bar (0), a genuine CPT violating effect independent of Delta Gamma and not requiring the decay as an essential ingredient. Possible spurious effects induced by CP violation in the decay and/or a violation of the Delta S = Delta Q rule have been shown to be well under control. The proposed test is thus fully robust, and might shed light on possible new CPT violating mechanisms, or further improve the precision of the present experimental limits. It could be implemented at the DA Phi NE facility in Frascati, where the KLOE-2 experiment might reach a statistical sensitivity of O (10(-3)) on the newly proposed observable quantities. |
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Address |
[Bernabeu, J.; Villanueva-Perez, P.] Univ Valencia, Dept Theoret Phys, E-46100 Valencia, Spain, Email: jose.bernabeu@uv.es; |
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Springer |
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1029-8479 |
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Notes |
WOS:000363478100001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
2420 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Alonso, I. et al; Bernabeu, J. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Cold atoms in space: community workshop summary and proposed road-map |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
EPJ Quantum Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
EPJ Quantum Technol. |
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9 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
30 - 55pp |
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We summarise the discussions at a virtual Community Workshop on Cold Atoms in Space concerning the status of cold atom technologies, the prospective scientific and societal opportunities offered by their deployment in space, and the developments needed before cold atoms could be operated in space. The cold atom technologies discussed include atomic clocks, quantum gravimeters and accelerometers, and atom interferometers. Prospective applications include metrology, geodesy and measurement of terrestrial mass change due to, e.g., climate change, and fundamental science experiments such as tests of the equivalence principle, searches for dark matter, measurements of gravitational waves and tests of quantum mechanics. We review the current status of cold atom technologies and outline the requirements for their space qualification, including the development paths and the corresponding technical milestones, and identifying possible pathfinder missions to pave the way for missions to exploit the full potential of cold atoms in space. Finally, we present a first draft of a possible road-map for achieving these goals, that we propose for discussion by the interested cold atom, Earth Observation, fundamental physics and other prospective scientific user communities, together with the European Space Agency (ESA) and national space and research funding agencies. |
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Address |
[Alonso, Ivan] Univ Balearic Isl, Higher Polytech Sch, Valldemossa Rd, Palma De Mallorca 07122, Spain, Email: Oliver.Buchmueller@cern.ch; |
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Springer |
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English |
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2662-4400 |
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WOS:000885839700002 |
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no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
5424 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Bernabeu, J.; Martinez-Vidal, F.; Villanueva-Perez, P. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Time reversal violation from the entangled B-0(B)over-bar(0) system |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Journal of High Energy Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. High Energy Phys. |
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Volume ![sorted by Volume (numeric) field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
08 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
064 - 18pp |
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Keywords |
Discrete and Finite Symmetries; B-Physics; CP violation |
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Abstract |
We discuss the concepts and methodology to implement an experiment probing directly Time Reversal (T) non-invariance, without any experimental connection to CP violation, by the exchange of in and out states. The idea relies on the B-0(B) over bar (0)) entanglement and decay time information available at B factories. The flavor or CP tag of the state of the still living neutral meson by the first decay of its orthogonal partner overcomes the problem of irreversibility for unstable systems, which prevents direct tests of T with incoherent particle states. T violation in the time evolution between the two decays means experimentally a difference between the rates for the time-ordered (l+X, J/psi K-s) and (J/psi K-L, l(-)X) decays, and three other independent asymmetries. The proposed strategy has been applied to simulated data samples of similar size and features to those currently available, from which we estimate the significance of the expected discovery to reach many standard deviations. |
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Address |
[Bernabeu, J.] Univ Valencia, Dept Theoret Phys, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain, Email: Jose.Bernabeu@uv.es; |
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Springer |
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English |
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1126-6708 |
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Notes |
WOS:000309883600021 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
no |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
1215 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
MoEDAL Collaboration (Acharya, B. et al); Bernabeu, J.; Garcia, C.; King, M.; Mitsou, V.A.; Vento, V.; Vives, O. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Search for magnetic monopoles with the MoEDAL prototype trapping detector in 8 TeV proton-proton collisions at the LHC |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of High Energy Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. High Energy Phys. |
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Volume ![sorted by Volume (numeric) field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
08 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
067 - 25pp |
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Keywords |
Exotics; Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments); Particle and resonance production |
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Abstract |
The MoEDAL experiment is designed to search for magnetic monopoles and other highly-ionising particles produced in high-energy collisions at the LHC. The largely passive MoEDAL detector, deployed at Interaction Point 8 on the LHC ring, relies on two dedicated direct detection techniques. The first technique is based on stacks of nuclear-track detectors with surface area similar to 18 m(2), sensitive to particle ionisation exceeding a high threshold. These detectors are analysed offline by optical scanning microscopes. The second technique is based on the trapping of charged particles in an array of roughly 800 kg of aluminium samples. These samples are monitored offline for the presence of trapped magnetic charge at a remote superconducting magnetometer facility. We present here the results of a search for magnetic monopoles using a 160 kg prototype MoEDAL trapping detector exposed to 8TeV proton-proton collisions at the LHC, for an integrated luminosity of 0.75 fb(-1). No magnetic charge exceeding 0.5g(D) (where g(D) is the Dirac magnetic charge) is measured in any of the exposed samples, allowing limits to be placed on monopole production in the mass range 100 GeV <= m <= 3500 GeV. Model-independent cross-section limits are presented in fiducial regions of monopole energy and direction for 1g(D) <= vertical bar g vertical bar <= 6g(D), and model-dependent cross-section limits are obtained for Drell-Yan pair production of spin-1/2 and spin-0 monopoles for 1g(D) <= vertical bar g vertical bar <= 4g(D). Under the assumption of Drell-Yan cross sections, mass limits are derived for vertical bar g vertical bar = 2g(D) and vertical bar g vertical bar = 3g(D) for the first time at the LHC, surpassing the results from previous collider experiments. |
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Address |
[Acharya, B.; Alexandre, J.; Ellis, J. R.; Fairbairn, M.; Mavromatos, N. E.; Sakellariadou, M.; Sarkar, S.] Kings Coll London, Dept Phys, Theoret Particle Phys & Cosmol Grp, London, England, Email: philippe.mermod@cern.ch |
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Springer |
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1029-8479 |
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WOS:000391754500001 |
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no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
2927 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
El-Neaj, Y.A. et al; Bernabeu, J. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
AEDGE: Atomic Experiment for Dark Matter and Gravity Exploration in Space |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
EPJ Quantum Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
EPJ Quantum Technol. |
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7 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
6 - 27pp |
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We propose in this White Paper a concept for a space experiment using cold atoms to search for ultra-light dark matter, and to detect gravitational waves in the frequency range between the most sensitive ranges of LISA and the terrestrial LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA/INDIGO experiments. This interdisciplinary experiment, called Atomic Experiment for Dark Matter and Gravity Exploration (AEDGE), will also complement other planned searches for dark matter, and exploit synergies with other gravitational wave detectors. We give examples of the extended range of sensitivity to ultra-light dark matter offered by AEDGE, and how its gravitational-wave measurements could explore the assembly of super-massive black holes, first-order phase transitions in the early universe and cosmic strings. AEDGE will be based upon technologies now being developed for terrestrial experiments using cold atoms, and will benefit from the space experience obtained with, e.g., LISA and cold atom experiments in microgravity. KCL-PH-TH/2019-65, CERN-TH-2019-126 |
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Address |
[El-Neaj, Yousef Abou] Harvard Univ, Phys Dept, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA, Email: o.buchmueller@imperial.ac.uk |
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Springeropen |
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2662-4400 |
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Notes |
WOS:000519468200001 |
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no |
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yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
4325 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Bernabeu, J.; Botella, F.J.; Nebot, M. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Genuine T, CP, CPT asymmetry parameters for the entangled B-d system |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of High Energy Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. High Energy Phys. |
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Volume ![sorted by Volume (numeric) field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
06 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
100 - 24pp |
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Keywords |
Discrete Symmetries; Space-Time Symmetries |
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Abstract |
The precise connection between the theoretical T, CP, CPT asymmetries, in terms of transition probabilities between the filtered neutral meson B-d states, and the experimental asymmetries, in terms of the double decay rate intensities for Flavour-CP eigenstate decay products in a B-d-factory of entangled states, is established. This allows the identification of genuine Asymmetry Parameters in the time distribution of the asymmetries and their measurability by disentangling genuine and possible fake terms. We express the nine asymmetry parameters three different observables for each one of the three symmetries in terms of the ingredients of the Weisskopf-Wigner dynamical description of the entangled B-d-meson states and we obtain a global fit to their values from the BaBar collaboration experimental results. The possible fake terms are all compatible with zero and the information content of the nine asymmetry parameters is indeed different. The non -vanishing Delta l(c)(T) = 0.687 +/- 0.020 and Delta l(c)(CP) = 0.680 +/- 0.021 are impressive separate direct evidence of Time -Reversal -violation and CP-violation in these transitions and compatible with Standard Model expectations. An intriguing 2 sigma effect for the Re(theta) parameter responsible of CPT -violation appears which, interpreted as an upper limit, leads to vertical bar M (B) over baro (B) over baro vertical bar MBoBo < 4.0 x 10(-5) eV at 95% C.L. for the diagonal flavour terms of the mass matrix. It contributes to the CP-violating Delta l(c)(CP) asymmetry parameter in an unorthodox manner – in its cos(Delta M t) time dependence-, and it is accessible in facilities with non-entangled B-d's, like the LHCb experiment. |
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Address |
[Bernabeu, Jose] Univ Valencia, Dept Fis Teor, E-46100 Valencia, Spain, Email: Jose.Bernabeu@uv.es; |
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Springer |
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1029-8479 |
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Notes |
WOS:000379028400001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
no |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
2752 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Bernabeu, J.; Sabulsky, D.O.; Sanchez, F.; Segarra, A. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Neutrino mass and nature through its mediation in atomic clock interference |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2024 |
Publication |
AVS Quantum Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
AVS Quantum Sci. |
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Volume ![sorted by Volume (numeric) field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
6 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
014410 - 8pp |
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Abstract |
The absolute mass of neutrinos and their nature are presently unknown. Aggregate matter has a coherent weak charge leading to a repulsive interaction mediated by a neutrino pair. The virtual neutrinos are non-relativistic at micron distances, giving a distinct behavior for Dirac versus Majorana mass terms. This effective potential allows for the disentanglement of the Dirac or Majorana nature of the neutrino via magnitude and distance dependence. We propose an experiment to search for this potential based on the concept that the density-dependent interaction of an atomic probe with a material source in one arm of an atomic clock interferometer generates a differential phase. The appropriate geometry of the device is selected using the saturation of the weak potential as a guide. The proposed experiment has the added benefit of being sensitive to gravity at micron distances. A strategy to suppress the competing Casimir-Polder interaction, depending on the electronic structure of the material source, as well as a way to compensate the gravitational interaction in the two arms of the interferometer is discussed. |
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[Bernabeu, Jose; Segarra, Alejandro] Univ Valencia, Dept Theoret Phys, E-46100 Valencia, Spain, Email: jose.bernabeu@uv.es |
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AIP Publishing |
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English |
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WOS:001186930100001 |
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no |
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yes |
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yes |
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IFIC @ pastor @ |
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6118 |
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