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Author Villanueva-Domingo, P.; Villaescusa-Navarro, F.; Angles-Alcazar, D.; Genel, S.; Marinacci, F.; Spergel, D.N.; Hernquist, L.; Vogelsberger, M.; Dave, R.; Narayanan, D. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Inferring Halo Masses with Graph Neural Networks Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication Astrophysical Journal Abbreviated Journal Astrophys. J.  
  Volume (down) 935 Issue 1 Pages 30 - 15pp  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Understanding the halo-galaxy connection is fundamental in order to improve our knowledge on the nature and properties of dark matter. In this work, we build a model that infers the mass of a halo given the positions, velocities, stellar masses, and radii of the galaxies it hosts. In order to capture information from correlations among galaxy properties and their phase space, we use Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), which are designed to work with irregular and sparse data. We train our models on galaxies from more than 2000 state-of-the-art simulations from the Cosmology and Astrophysics with MachinE Learning Simulations project. Our model, which accounts for cosmological and astrophysical uncertainties, is able to constrain the masses of the halos with a similar to 0.2 dex accuracy. Furthermore, a GNN trained on a suite of simulations is able to preserve part of its accuracy when tested on simulations run with a different code that utilizes a distinct subgrid physics model, showing the robustness of our method. The PyTorch Geometric implementation of the GNN is publicly available on GitHub (https://github.com/PabloVD/HaloGraphNet).  
  Address [Villanueva-Domingo, Pablo] Univ Valencia, Inst Fis Corpuscular IFIC, CSIC, E-46980 Paterna, Spain, Email: pablo.villanueva.domingo@gmail.com;  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher IOP Publishing Ltd Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0004-637x ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes WOS:000838320900001 Approved no  
  Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes  
  Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 5325  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Villanueva-Domingo, P.; Villaescusa-Navarro, F. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Removing Astrophysics in 21 cm Maps with Neural Networks Type Journal Article
  Year 2021 Publication Astrophysical Journal Abbreviated Journal Astrophys. J.  
  Volume (down) 907 Issue 1 Pages 44 - 14pp  
  Keywords Cosmology; Cold dark matter; Dark matter; Dark matter distribution; H I line emission; Intergalactic medium; Cosmological evolution; Convolutional neural networks; Large-scale structure of the universe  
  Abstract Measuring temperature fluctuations in the 21 cm signal from the epoch of reionization and the cosmic dawn is one of the most promising ways to study the universe at high redshifts. Unfortunately, the 21 cm signal is affected by both cosmology and astrophysics processes in a nontrivial manner. We run a suite of 1000 numerical simulations with different values of the main astrophysical parameters. From these simulations we produce tens of thousands of 21 cm maps at redshifts 10 <= z <= 20. We train a convolutional neural network to remove the effects of astrophysics from the 21 cm maps and output maps of the underlying matter field. We show that our model is able to generate 2D matter fields not only that resemble the true ones visually but whose statistical properties agree with the true ones within a few percent down to scales 2 Mpc(-1). We demonstrate that our neural network retains astrophysical information that can be used to constrain the value of the astrophysical parameters. Finally, we use saliency maps to try to understand which features of the 21 cm maps the network is using in order to determine the value of the astrophysical parameters.  
  Address [Villanueva-Domingo, Pablo] Univ Valencia, Inst Fis Corpuscular IFIC, CSIC, Apartado Correos 22085, E-46071 Valencia, Spain, Email: Pablo.Villanueva@ific.uv.es;  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iop Publishing Ltd Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0004-637x ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes WOS:000612333400001 Approved no  
  Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes  
  Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 4698  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Villanueva-Domingo, P.; Gnedin, N.Y.; Mena, O. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Warm Dark Matter and Cosmic Reionization Type Journal Article
  Year 2018 Publication Astrophysical Journal Abbreviated Journal Astrophys. J.  
  Volume (down) 852 Issue 2 Pages 139 - 7pp  
  Keywords cosmology: theory; galaxies: formation; intergalactic medium; large-scale structure of universe; methods: numerical  
  Abstract In models with dark matter made of particles with keV masses, such as a sterile neutrino, small-scale density perturbations are suppressed, delaying the period at which the lowest mass galaxies are formed and therefore shifting the reionization processes to later epochs. In this study, focusing on Warm Dark Matter (WDM) with masses close to its present lower bound, i.e., around the 3. keV region, we derive constraints from galaxy luminosity functions, the ionization history and the Gunn-Peterson effect. We show that even if star formation efficiency in the simulations is adjusted to match the observed UV galaxy luminosity functions in both CDM and WDM models, the full distribution of Gunn-Peterson optical depth retains the strong signature of delayed reionization in the WDM model. However, until the star formation and stellar feedback model used in modern galaxy formation simulations is constrained better, any conclusions on the nature of dark matter derived from reionization observables remain model-dependent.  
  Address [Villanueva-Domingo, Pablo; Mena, Olga] Univ Valencia, CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular IFIC, Apartado Correos 22085, E-46071 Valencia, Spain, Email: gnedin@fnal.gov  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iop Publishing Ltd Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0004-637x ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes WOS:000422865600009 Approved no  
  Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes  
  Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 3455  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Villaescusa-Navarro, F. et al; Villanueva-Domingo, P. url  doi
openurl 
  Title The CAMELS Project: Public Data Release Type Journal Article
  Year 2023 Publication Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series Abbreviated Journal Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser.  
  Volume (down) 265 Issue 2 Pages 54 - 14pp  
  Keywords Cosmology; Hydrodynamical simulations; Astrostatistics; Galaxy formation  
  Abstract The Cosmology and Astrophysics with Machine Learning Simulations (CAMELS) project was developed to combine cosmology with astrophysics through thousands of cosmological hydrodynamic simulations and machine learning. CAMELS contains 4233 cosmological simulations, 2049 N-body simulations, and 2184 state-of-the-art hydrodynamic simulations that sample a vast volume in parameter space. In this paper, we present the CAMELS public data release, describing the characteristics of the CAMELS simulations and a variety of data products generated from them, including halo, subhalo, galaxy, and void catalogs, power spectra, bispectra, Lya spectra, probability distribution functions, halo radial profiles, and X-rays photon lists. We also release over 1000 catalogs that contain billions of galaxies from CAMELS-SAM: a large collection of N-body simulations that have been combined with the Santa Cruz semianalytic model. We release all the data, comprising more than 350 terabytes and containing 143,922 snapshots, millions of halos, galaxies, and summary statistics. We provide further technical details on how to access, download, read, and process the data at .  
  Address [Villaescusa-Navarro, Francisco; Genel, Shy; Angles-Alcazar, Daniel; Hassan, Sultan; Pisani, Alice; Wong, Kaze W. K.; Coulton, William R.; Steinwandel, Ulrich P.; Spergel, David N.; Burkhart, Blakesley; Wandelt, Benjamin; Somerville, Rachel S.; Bryan, Greg L.; Li, Yin] Flatiron Inst, Ctr Computat Astrophys, 162 5th Ave, New York, NY 10010 USA, Email: camel.simulations@gmail.com  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher IOP Publishing Ltd Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0067-0049 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes WOS:000964876300001 Approved no  
  Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes  
  Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 5525  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Villaescusa-Navarro, F. et al; Villanueva-Domingo, P. url  doi
openurl 
  Title The CAMELS Multifield Data Set: Learning the Universe's Fundamental Parameters with Artificial Intelligence Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series Abbreviated Journal Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser.  
  Volume (down) 259 Issue 2 Pages 61 - 14pp  
  Keywords  
  Abstract We present the Cosmology and Astrophysics with Machine Learning Simulations (CAMELS) Multifield Data set (CMD), a collection of hundreds of thousands of 2D maps and 3D grids containing many different properties of cosmic gas, dark matter, and stars from more than 2000 distinct simulated universes at several cosmic times. The 2D maps and 3D grids represent cosmic regions that span similar to 100 million light-years and have been generated from thousands of state-of-the-art hydrodynamic and gravity-only N-body simulations from the CAMELS project. Designed to train machine-learning models, CMD is the largest data set of its kind containing more than 70 TB of data. In this paper we describe CMD in detail and outline a few of its applications. We focus our attention on one such task, parameter inference, formulating the problems we face as a challenge to the community. We release all data and provide further technical details at https://camels-multifield-dataset.readthedocs.io.  
  Address [Villaescusa-Navarro, Francisco; Nicola, Andrina; Spergel, David N.; Matilla, Jose Manuel Zorrilla; Shao, Helen] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA, Email: villaescusa.francisco@gmail.com  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher IOP Publishing Ltd Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0067-0049 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes WOS:000780035300001 Approved no  
  Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes  
  Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 5194  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Villanueva-Domingo, P.; Villaescusa-Navarro, F.; Genel, S.; Angles-Alcazar, D.; Hernquist, L.; Marinacci, F.; Spergel, D.N.; Vogelsberger, M.; Narayanan, D. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Weighing the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies with artificial intelligence Type Journal Article
  Year 2023 Publication Physical Review D Abbreviated Journal Phys. Rev. D  
  Volume (down) 107 Issue 10 Pages 103003 - 8pp  
  Keywords  
  Abstract We present new constraints on the masses of the halos hosting the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies derived using graph neural networks. Our models, trained on 2,000 state-of-the-art hydrodynamic simulations of the CAMELS project, only make use of the positions, velocities and stellar masses of the galaxies belonging to the halos, and are able to perform likelihood-free inference on halo masses while accounting for both cosmological and astrophysical uncertainties. Our constraints are in agreement with estimates from other traditional methods, within our derived posterior standard deviation.  
  Address [Villanueva-Domingo, Pablo; Narayanan, Desika] Univ Valencia, CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular IFIC, E-46980 Paterna, Spain, Email: pablo.villanueva.domingo@gmail.com;  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Amer Physical Soc Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2470-0010 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes WOS:000988340900001 Approved no  
  Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes  
  Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 5539  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Villanueva-Domingo, P.; Mena, O.; Miralda-Escude, J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Maximum amplitude of the high-redshift 21-cm absorption feature Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication Physical Review D Abbreviated Journal Phys. Rev. D  
  Volume (down) 101 Issue 8 Pages 083502 - 8pp  
  Keywords  
  Abstract We examine the maximum possible strength of the global 21-cm absorption dip on the cosmic background radiation at high-redshift caused by the atomic intergalactic medium, when the Lyman-alpha coupling is maximum, assuming no exotic cooling mechanisms from interactions with dark matter. This maximum absorption is limited by three inevitable factors that need to be accounted for: (a) heating by energy transferred from the cosmic background radiation to the hydrogen atoms via 21-cm transitions, dubbed as 21-cm heating; (b) Ly alpha heating by scatterings of Ly alpha photons from the first stars; (c) the impact of the expected density fluctuations in the intergalactic gas in standard cold dark matter theory, which reduces the mean 21-cm absorption signal. Inclusion of this third novel effect reduces the maximum global 21-cm absorption by similar to 10%. Overall, the three effects studied here reduce the 21-cm global absorption by similar to 20% at z similar or equal to 17.  
  Address [Villanueva-Domingo, Pablo; Mena, Olga] Univ Valencia, CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular IFIC, Apartado Correos 22085, E-46071 Paterna, Spain, Email: pablo.villanueva@ific.uv.es;  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Amer Physical Soc Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2470-0010 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes WOS:000523343100006 Approved no  
  Is ISI yes International Collaboration no  
  Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 4360  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Mena, O.; Palomares-Ruiz, S.; Villanueva-Domingo, P.; Witte, S.J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Constraining the primordial black hole abundance with 21-cm cosmology Type Journal Article
  Year 2019 Publication Physical Review D Abbreviated Journal Phys. Rev. D  
  Volume (down) 100 Issue 4 Pages 043540 - 23pp  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The discoveries of a number of binary black hole mergers by LIGO and VIRGO have reinvigorated the interest that primordial black holes (PBHs) of tens of solar masses could contribute non-negligibly to the dark matter energy density. Should even a small population of PBHs with masses greater than or similar to O(M-circle dot) exist, they could profoundly impact the properties of the intergalactic medium and provide insight into novel processes at work in the early Universe. We demonstrate here that observations of the 21-cm transition in neutral hydrogen during the epochs of reionization and cosmic dawn will likely provide one of the most stringent tests of solar mass PBHs. In the context of 21-cm cosmology, PBHs give rise to three distinct observable effects: (i) the modification to the primordial power spectrum (and thus also the halo mass function) induced by Poisson noise, (ii) a uniform heating and ionization of the intergalactic medium via x-rays produced during accretion, and (iii) a local modification to the temperature and density of the ambient medium surrounding isolated PBHs. Using a four-parameter astrophysical model, we show that experiments like SKA and HERA could potentially improve upon existing constraints derived using observations of the cosmic microwave background by more than 1 order of magnitude.  
  Address [Mena, Olga; Palomares-Ruiz, Sergio; Villanueva-Domingo, Pablo; Witte, Samuel J.] Univ Valencia, CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular IFIC, Apartado Correos 22085, E-46071 Valencia, Spain  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Amer Physical Soc Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2470-0010 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes WOS:000483047300003 Approved no  
  Is ISI yes International Collaboration no  
  Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 4122  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Lopez-Honorez, L.; Mena, O.; Villanueva-Domingo, P. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Dark matter microphysics and 21 cm observations Type Journal Article
  Year 2019 Publication Physical Review D Abbreviated Journal Phys. Rev. D  
  Volume (down) 99 Issue 2 Pages 023522 - 12pp  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Dark matter interactions with massless or very light standard model particles, as photons or neutrinos, may lead to a suppression of the matter power spectrum at small scales and of the number of low mass haloes. Bounds on the dark matter scattering cross section with light degrees of freedom in such interacting dark matter (IDM) scenarios have been obtained from e.g., early time cosmic microwave background physics and large scale structure observations. Here we scrutinize dark matter microphysics in light of the claimed 21 cm EDGES 78 MHz absorption signal. IDM is expected to delay the 21 cm absorption features due to collisional damping effects. We identify the astrophysical conditions under which the existing constraints on the dark matter scattering cross section could be largely improved due to the IDM imprint on the 21 cm signal, providing also an explicit comparison to the WDM scenario.  
  Address [Lopez-Honorez, Laura] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Serv Phys Theor, CP225,Blvd Triomphe, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, Email: llopezho@ulb.ac.be;  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Amer Physical Soc Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2470-0010 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes WOS:000456291400001 Approved no  
  Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes  
  Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 3885  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Witte, S.; Villanueva-Domingo, P.; Gariazzo, S.; Mena, O.; Palomares-Ruiz, S. url  doi
openurl 
  Title EDGES result versus CMB and low-redshift constraints on ionization histories Type Journal Article
  Year 2018 Publication Physical Review D Abbreviated Journal Phys. Rev. D  
  Volume (down) 97 Issue 10 Pages 103533 - 8pp  
  Keywords  
  Abstract We examine the results from the Experiment to Detect the Global Epoch of Reionization Signature (EDGES), which has recently claimed the detection of a strong absorption in the 21 cm hyperfine transition line of neutral hydrogen, at redshifts demarcating the early stages of star formation. More concretely, we study the compatibility of the shape of the EDGES absorption profile, centered at a redshift of z similar to 17.2, with measurements of the reionization optical depth, the Gunn-Peterson optical depth, and Lyman-alpha emission from star-forming galaxies, for a variety of possible reionization models within the standard ACDM framework (that is, a Universe with a cosmological constant. and cold dark matter CDM). When, conservatively, we only try to accommodate the location of the absorption dip, we identify a region in the parameter space of the astrophysical parameters that successfully explains all of the aforementioned observations. However, one of the most abnormal features of the EDGES measurement is the absorption amplitude, which is roughly a factor of 2 larger than the maximum allowed value in the ACDM framework. We point out that the simple considered astrophysical models that produce the largest absorption amplitudes are unable to explain the depth of the dip and of reproducing the observed shape of the absorption profile.  
  Address [Witte, Samuel; Villanueva-Domingo, Pablo; Gariazzo, Stefano; Mena, Olga; Palomares-Ruiz, Sergio] Univ Valencia, CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular IFIC, Apartado Correos 22085, E-46071 Valencia, Spain  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Amer Physical Soc Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2470-0010 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes WOS:000433291600010 Approved no  
  Is ISI yes International Collaboration no  
  Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 3606  
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