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Author	Mendoza, E.; Alcayne, V.; Cano-Ott, D.; Gonzalez-Romero, E.; Martinez, T.; de Rada, A.P.; Sanchez-Caballero, A.; Balibrea-Correa, J.; Domingo-Pardo, C.; Lerendegui-Marco, J.; Calvino, F.; Guerrero, C.
Title	Neutron capture measurements with high efficiency detectors and the Pulse Height Weighting Technique			Type	Journal Article
Year	2023	Publication	Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research A	Abbreviated Journal	Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A
Volume	1047	Issue		Pages	167894 - 16pp
Keywords	Neutron capture; Total energy detector; Pulse height weighting technique; 7-ray cascades
Abstract	Neutron capture cross section measurements in time-of-flight facilities are usually performed by detecting the prompt 7-rays emitted in the capture reactions. One of the difficulties to be addressed in these measurements is that the emitted 7-rays may change with the neutron energy, and therefore also the detection efficiency. To deal with this situation, many measurements use the so called Total Energy Detection (TED) technique, usually in combination with the Pulse Height Weighting Technique (PHWT). With it, it is sought that the detection efficiency depends only on the total energy of the 7-ray cascade, which does not vary much with the neutron energy. This technique was developed in the 1960s and has been used in many neutron capture experiments to date. One of the requirements of the technique is that 7-ray detectors have a low efficiency. This has meant that the PHWT has been used with experimental setups with low detection efficiencies. However, this condition does not have to be fulfilled by the experimental system as a whole. The main goal of this work is to show that it is possible to measure with a high efficiency detection system that uses the PHWT, and how to analyze the measured data.
Address	[Mendoza, E.; Alcayne, V; Cano-Ott, D.; Gonzalez-Romero, E.; Martinez, T.; Perez de Rada, A.; Sanchez-Caballero, A.] Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol CIEM, Madrid, Spain, Email: emilio.mendoza@ciemat.es
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher	Elsevier	Place of Publication		Editor
Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0168-9002	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes	WOS:000908431800002			Approved	no
Is ISI	yes	International Collaboration	no
Call Number	IFIC @ pastor @			Serial	5468
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Author	Balibrea-Correa, J.; Lerendegui-Marco, J.; Calvo, D.; Caballero, L.; Babiano, V.; Ladarescu, I.; Redondo, M.L.; Tain, J.L.; Tolosa, A.; Domingo-Pardo, C.; Calvino, F.; Casanovas, A.; Tarifeño-Saldivia, A.; Alcayne, V.; Cano-Ott, D.; Martinez, T.; Guerrero, C.; Barbagallo, M.; Macina, D.; Bacak, M.
Title	A first prototype of C6D6 total-energy detector with SiPM readout for neutron capture time-of-flight experiments			Type	Journal Article
Year	2021	Publication	Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research A	Abbreviated Journal	Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A
Volume	985	Issue		Pages	164709 - 8pp
Keywords	Silicon photomultiplier; Radiation detectors; Time-of-flight; Radiative capture; Total energy detector; Pulse-height weighting technique
Abstract	Low efficiency total-energy detectors (TEDs) are one of the main tools for neutron capture cross section measurements utilizing the time-of-flight (TOF) technique. State-of-the-art TEDs are based on a C6D6 liquid-scintillation cell optically coupled to a fast photomultiplier tube. The large photomultiplier tube represents yet a significant contribution to the so-called neutron sensitivity background, which is one of the most conspicuous sources of uncertainty in this type of experiments. Here we report on the development of a first prototype of a TED based on a silicon-photomultiplier (SiPM) readout, thus resulting in a lightweight and much more compact detector. Apart from the envisaged improvement in neutron sensitivity, the new system uses low voltage (+28 V) and low current supply (-50 mA), which is more practical than the-kV supply required by conventional photomultipliers. One important difficulty hindering the earlier implementation of SiPM readout for this type of detector was the large capacitance for the output signal when all pixels of a SiPM array are summed together. The latter leads to long pulse rise and decay times, which are not suitable for time-of-flight experiments. In this work we demonstrate the feasibility of a Schottky-diode multiplexing readout approach, that allows one to preserve the excellent timing properties of SiPMs, hereby paving the way for their implementation in future neutron TOF experiments.
Address	[Balibrea-Correa, J.; Lerendegui-Marco, J.; Calvo, D.; Caballero, L.; Babiano, V; Ladarescu, I; Redondo, M. Lopez; Tain, J. L.; Tolosa, A.; Domingo-Pardo, C.] Univ Valencia, Inst Fis Corpuscular, CSIC, Valencia, Spain, Email: dacaldia@ific.uv.es;
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher	Elsevier	Place of Publication		Editor
Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0168-9002	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes	WOS:000592358200019			Approved	no
Is ISI	yes	International Collaboration	yes
Call Number	IFIC @ pastor @			Serial	4638
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Author	Garcia, A.R.; Mendoza, E.; Cano-Ott, D.; Nolte, R.; Martinez, T.; Algora, A.; Tain, J.L.; Banerjee, K.; Bhattacharya, C.
Title	New physics model in GEANT4 for the simulation of neutron interactions with organic scintillation detectors			Type	Journal Article
Year	2017	Publication	Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research A	Abbreviated Journal	Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A
Volume	868	Issue		Pages	73-81
Keywords	Organic scintillator; Neutron detectors; GEANT4; BC501A; NE213; EJ301
Abstract	The accurate determination of the response function of organic scintillation neutron detectors complements their experimental characterization. Monte Carlo simulations with GEANT4 can reduce the effort and cost implied, especially for complex detection systems for which the characterization is more challenging. Previous studies have reported on the inaccuracy of GEANT4 in the calculation of the neutron response of organic scintillation detectors above 6 MeV, due to an incomplete description of the neutron-induced alpha production reactions on carbon. We have improved GEANT4 in this direction by incorporating models and data from NRESP, an excellent Monte Carlo simulation tool developed at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Germany, for the specific purpose of calculating the neutron response function of organic scintillation detectors. The results have been verified against simulations with NRESP and validated against Time-Of-Flight measurements with an NE213 detector at PTB. This work has potential applications beyond organic scintillation detectors, to other types of detectors where reactions induced by fast neutrons on carbon require an accurate description.
Address	[Garcia, A. R.; Mendoza, E.; Cano-Ott, D.; Martinez, T.] Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol CIEM, Ave Complutense 40, Madrid 28040, Spain, Email: daniel.cano@ciemat.es
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher	Elsevier Science Bv	Place of Publication		Editor
Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0168-9002	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes	WOS:000408406700012			Approved	no
Is ISI	yes	International Collaboration	yes
Call Number	IFIC @ pastor @			Serial	3250
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Author	Tain, J.L.; Algora, A.; Agramunt, J.; Guadilla, V.; Jordan, M.D.; Montaner-Piza, A.; Rubio, B.; Valencia, E.; Cano-Ott, D.; Gelletly, W.; Martinez, T.; Mendoza, E.; Podolyak, Z.; Regan, P.; Simpson, J.; Smith, A.J.; Strachan, J.
Title	A decay total absorption spectrometer for DESPEC at FAIR			Type	Journal Article
Year	2015	Publication	Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research A	Abbreviated Journal	Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A
Volume	803	Issue		Pages	36-46
Keywords	Total absorption gamma-ray spectrometer; Scintillation detectors; Beta decay; High-energy beam fragmentation facilities
Abstract	This paper presents the design of a total absorption gamma-ray spectrometer for the determination of beta-decay intensity distributions of exotic nuclear species at the focal plane of the FAIR-NUSTAR Super Fragment Separator. The spectrometer is a key instrument in the DESPEC experiment and the proposed implementation follows extensive design studies and prototype tests. Two options were contemplated, based on Nal(TI) and LaBr3:Ce inorganic scintillation crystals respectively. Monte Carlo simulations and technical considerations determined the optimal configurations consisting of sixteen 15 x 15 x 25 cm(3) crystals for the Nal(Tl) option and one hundred and twenty-eight 5.5 x 5.5 x 11 cm(3) crystals for the LaBr3:Ce option. Minimization of dead material was crucial for maximizing the spectrometer full-energy peak efficiency. Module prototypes were build to verify constructional details and characterize their performance. The measured energy and timing resolution was found to agree rather well with estimates based on simulations of scintillation light transport and collection. The neutron sensitivity of the spectrometer, important when measuring beta-delayed neutron emitters, was investigated by means of Monte Carlo simulations.
Address	[Tain, J. L.; Algora, A.; Agramunt, J.; Guadilla, V.; Jordan, M. D.; Montaner-Piza, A.; Rubio, B.; Valencia, E.] Univ Valencia, Inst Fis Corpuscular, CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain, Email: tain@ific.uv.es
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher	Elsevier Science Bv	Place of Publication		Editor
Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0168-9002	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes	WOS:000363464600007			Approved	no
Is ISI	yes	International Collaboration	yes
Call Number	IFIC @ pastor @			Serial	2431
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Author	Tain, J.L.; Agramunt, J.; Algora, A.; Aprahamian, A.; Cano-Ott, D.; Fraile, L.M.; Guerrero, C.; Jordan, M.D.; Mach, H.; Martinez, T.; Mendoza, E.; Mosconi, M.; Nolte, R.
Title	The sensitivity of LaBr3:Ce scintillation detectors to low energy neutrons: Measurement and Monte Carlo simulation			Type	Journal Article
Year	2015	Publication	Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research A	Abbreviated Journal	Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A
Volume	774	Issue		Pages	17-24
Keywords	Neutron sensitivity; Scintillation detectors; Lanthanum bromide; Geant4 simulations; Nuclear data libraries
Abstract	The neutron sensitivity of a cylindrical circle minus 1.5 in x 1.5 in LaBr3:Ce scintillation detector was measured using quasi-monoenergetic neutron beams in the energy range from 40 keV to 2.5 MeV. In this energy range the detector is sensitive to gamma-rays generated in neutron inelastic and capture processes. The experimental energy response was compared with Monte Carlo simulations performed with the Geant4 simulation toolkit using the so-called High Precision Neutron Models. These models rely on relevant information stored in evaluated nuclear data libraries. The performance of the Geant4 Neutron Data Library as well as several standard nuclear data libraries was investigated. In the latter case this was made possible by the use of a conversion tool that allowed the direct use of the data from other libraries in Geant4. Overall it was found that there was good agreement with experiment for some of the neutron data bases like ENDF/B-VII.0 or JENDL-3.3 but not with the others such as ENDF/B-VI.8 or JEFF-3.1.
Address	[Tain, J. L.; Agramunt, J.; Algora, A.; Jordan, M. D.] Univ Valencia, CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, E-28040 Valencia, Spain, Email: tain@ific.uv.es
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher	Elsevier Science Bv	Place of Publication		Editor
Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0168-9002	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes	WOS:000347407800003			Approved	no
Is ISI	yes	International Collaboration	yes
Call Number	IFIC @ pastor @			Serial	2076
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Author	Guerrero, C.; Cano-Ott, D.; Mendoza, E.; Tain, J.L.; Algora, A.; Berthoumieux, E.; Colonna, N.; Domingo-Pardo, C.; Gonzalez-Romero, E.; Heil, M.; Jordan, D.; Kappeler, F.; Lampoudis, C.; Martinez, T.; Massimi, C.; Plag, R.
Title	Monte Carlo simulation of the n_TOF Total Absorption Calorimeter			Type	Journal Article
Year	2012	Publication	Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research A	Abbreviated Journal	Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A
Volume	671	Issue		Pages	108-117
Keywords	Monte Carlo simulation; Geant4; Neutron cross-sections; Time-of-flight; Neutron capture
Abstract	The n_TOF Total Absorption Calorimeter (TAC) is a 4 pi BaF2 segmented detector used at CERN for measuring neutron capture cross-sections of importance for the design of advanced nuclear reactors. This work presents the simulation code that has been developed in GEANT4 for the accurate determination of the detection efficiency of the TAC for neutron capture events. The code allows to calculate the efficiency of the TAC for every neutron capture state, as a function of energy, crystal multiplicity, and counting rate. The code includes all instrumental effects such as the single crystal detection threshold and energy resolution, finite size of the coincidence time window, and signal pile-up. The results from the simulation have been validated with experimental data for a large set of electromagnetic de-excitation patterns: beta-decay of well known calibration sources, neutron capture reactions in light nuclei with well known level schemes like Ti-nat, reference samples used in (n,gamma) measurements like Au-197 and experimental data from an actinide sample like Pu-240. The systematic uncertainty in the determination of the detection efficiency has been estimated for all the cases. As a representative example, the accuracy reached for the case of Au-197(n,gamma) ranges between 0.5% and 2%, depending on the experimental and analysis conditions. Such a value matches the high accuracy required for the nuclear cross-section data needed in advanced reactor design.
Address	[Guerrero, C.; Cano-Ott, D.; Mendoza, E.; Gonzalez-Romero, E.; Martinez, T.] CIEMAT, Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain, Email: carlos.guerrero@cern.ch
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher	Elsevier Science Bv	Place of Publication		Editor
Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0168-9002	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes	WOS:000301474600013			Approved	no
Is ISI	yes	International Collaboration	yes
Call Number	IFIC @ pastor @			Serial	973
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Author	Plaza, J.; Martinez, T.; Becares, V.; Cano-Ott, D.; Villamarin, D.; de Rada, A.P.; Mendoza, E.; Pesudo, V.; Santorelli, R.; Pena, C.; Balibrea-Correa, J.; Boeltzig, A.
Title	Thermal neutron background at Laboratorio Subterraneo de Canfranc (LSC)			Type	Journal Article
Year	2023	Publication	Astroparticle Physics	Abbreviated Journal	Astropart Phys.
Volume	146	Issue		Pages	102793 - 9pp
Keywords	Underground neutron background; Thermal neutron flux; He-3 proportional counter; Pulse shape discrimination
Abstract	The thermal neutron background at Laboratorio Subterraneo de Canfranc (LSC) has been determined using several He-3 proportional counter detectors. Bare and Cd shielded counters were used in a series of long measurements. Pulse shape discrimination techniques were applied to discriminate between neutron and gamma signals as well as other intrinsic contributions. Montecarlo simulations allowed us to estimate the sensitivity of the detectors and calculate values for the background flux of thermal neutrons inside Hall-A of LSC. The obtained value is (3.5 +/- 0.8)x10(-6) n/cm(2)s, and is within an order of magnitude compared to similar facilities.
Address	[Plaza, J.; Martinez, T.; Becares, V; Cano-Ott, D.; Villamarin, D.; Perez de Rada, A.; Mendoza, E.; Pesudo, V; Santorelli, R.] Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol CIEM, Ave Complutense 40, Madrid 28040, Spain, Email: julio.plaza@ciemat.es
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher	Elsevier	Place of Publication		Editor
Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0927-6505	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes	WOS:000928281600001			Approved	no
Is ISI	yes	International Collaboration	yes
Call Number	IFIC @ pastor @			Serial	5482
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Author	Nacher, E.; Rubio, B.; Algora, A.; Cano-Ott, D.; Tain, J.L.; Gadea, A.; Agramunt, J.; Gierlik, M.; Karny, M.; Janas, Z.; Roeckl, E.; Blazhev, A.; Collatz, R.; Doring, J.; Hellstrom, M.; Hu, Z.; Kirchner, R.; Mukha, I.; Plettner, C.; Shibata, M.; Rykaczewski, K.; Batist, L.; Moroz, F.; Wittmann, V.; Valiente-Dobon, J.J.
Title	Observations of the Gamow-Teller resonance in the rare-earth nuclei above Gd-146 populated in beta decay			Type	Journal Article
Year	2016	Publication	Physical Review C	Abbreviated Journal	Phys. Rev. C
Volume	93	Issue	1	Pages	014308 - 13pp
Keywords
Abstract	The rare-earth region of the nuclear table around the quasi-doubly magic nucleus Gd-146 is one of the very few places in which the Gamow-Teller (GT) resonance can be populated in beta decay. The appropriate technique to study such a phenomenon is total absorption spectroscopy, thanks to which one can measure the B(GT) distribution in beta-decay experiments even when it is very fragmented and lies at high excitation energy in the daughter nucleus. Results on the GT resonance measured in the beta decay of the odd-Z, N = 83 nuclei Tb-148, Ho-150, and Tm-152 are presented in this work and compared with shell-model calculations. The tail of the resonance is clearly observed up to the limit imposed by the Q value. This observation is important in the context of the understanding of the “quenching” of the GT strength.
Address	[Nacher, E.; Rubio, B.; Algora, A.; Cano-Ott, D.; Tain, J. L.; Gadea, A.; Agramunt, J.] Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, Valencia 46071, Spain, Email: berta.rubio@ific.uv.es
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher	Amer Physical Soc	Place of Publication		Editor
Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0556-2813	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes	WOS:000368298200001			Approved	no
Is ISI	yes	International Collaboration	yes
Call Number	IFIC @ pastor @			Serial	2522
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Author	Briz, J.A.; Nacher, E.; Borge, M.J.G.; Algora, A.; Rubio, B.; Dessagne, P.; Maira, A.; Cano-Ott, D.; Courtin, S.; Escrig, D.; Fraile, L.M.; Gelletly, W.; Jungclaus, A.; Le Scornet, G.; Marechal, F.; Miehe, C.; Poirier, E.; Poves, A.; Sarriguren, P.; Tain, J.L.; Tengblad, O.
Title	Shape study of the N = Z nucleus Kr-72 via beta decay			Type	Journal Article
Year	2015	Publication	Physical Review C	Abbreviated Journal	Phys. Rev. C
Volume	92	Issue	5	Pages	054326 - 10pp
Keywords
Abstract	The beta decay of the N = Z nucleus Kr-72 has been studied with the total absorption spectroscopy technique at ISOLDE (CERN). A total B(GT) = 0.79(4)g(A)(2)/4 pi has been found up to an excitation energy of 2.7 MeV. The B(GT) distribution obtained is compared with predictions from state-of-the-art theoretical calculations to learn about the ground state deformation of Kr-72. Although a dominant oblate deformation is suggested by direct comparison with quasiparticle random phase approximation (QRPA) calculations, beyond-mean-field and shell-model calculations favor a large oblate-prolate mixing in the ground state.
Address	[Briz, J. A.; Nacher, E.; Borge, M. J. G.; Maira, A.; Escrig, D.; Jungclaus, A.; Sarriguren, P.; Tengblad, O.] CSIC, Inst Estruct Mat, E-28006 Madrid, Spain, Email: jose.briz@subatech.in2p3.fr
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher	Amer Physical Soc	Place of Publication		Editor
Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0556-2813	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes	WOS:000365867500002			Approved	no
Is ISI	yes	International Collaboration	yes
Call Number	IFIC @ pastor @			Serial	2486
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Author	Plaza, J.; Bécares, V.; Cano-Ott, D.; Gómez, C.; Martínez, T.; Mendoza, E.; Perez de Rada, A.; Pesudo, V.; Sáez-Vergara, J.C.; Santorelli, R.; Villamarín, D.; Ianni, A.; Peña, C.; Balibrea-Correa, J.; Boeltzig, A.; Imbriani, G.
Title	CLYC as a neutron detector in low background conditions			Type	Journal Article
Year	2023	Publication	European Physical Journal C	Abbreviated Journal	Eur. Phys. J. C
Volume	83	Issue	11	Pages	1049 - 10pp
Keywords
Abstract	We report on the thermal neutron flux measurements carried out at the Laboratorio Subterraneo de Canfranc (LSC) with two commercial 2 '' x 2 '' CLYC detectors. The measurements were performed as part of an experimental campaign at LSC with He-3 detectors, for establishing the sensitivity limits and use of CLYCs in low background conditions. Acareful characterization of the intrinsic alpha and gamma-ray background in the detectors was required and done with dedicated measurements. It was found that the alpha activities in the two CLYC crystals differ by a factor of three, and the use of Monte Carlo simulations and a Bayesian unfolding method allowed us to determine the specific alpha activities from the U-238 and Th-232 decay chains. The simulations and unfolding also revealed that the gamma-ray background registered in the detectors is dominated by the intrinsic activity of the components of the detector such as the aluminum housing and photo-multiplier and that the activity within the crystal is low in comparison. The data from the neutron flux measurements with the two detectors were analyzed with different methodologies: one based on an innovative alpha/neutron pulse shape discrimination method and one based on the subtraction of the intrinsic alpha background that masks the neutron signals in the region of interest. The neutron sensitivity of the CLYCs was calculated by Monte Carlo simulations with MCNP6 and GEANT4. The resulting thermal neutron fluxes are in good agreement with complementary flux measurement performed with He-3 detectors, but close to the detection limit imposed by the intrinsic a activity.
Address	[Plaza, J.; Becares, V.; Cano-Ott, D.; Gomez, C.; Martinez, T.; Mendoza, E.; de Rada, A. Perez; Pesudo, V.; Saez-Vergara, J. C.; Santorelli, R.; Villamarin, D.] Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol, Avda Complutense 40, Madrid 28040, Spain, Email: julio.plaza@ciemat.es
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher	Springer	Place of Publication		Editor
Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1434-6044	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes	WOS:001105460800003			Approved	no
Is ISI	yes	International Collaboration	yes
Call Number	IFIC @ pastor @			Serial	5835
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