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Escudero, M., Lopez-Pavon, J., Rius, N., & Sandner, S. (2020). Relaxing cosmological neutrino mass bounds with unstable neutrinos. J. High Energy Phys., 12(12), 119–44pp.
Abstract: At present, cosmological observations set the most stringent bound on the neutrino mass scale. Within the standard cosmological model (Lambda CDM), the Planck collaboration reports Sigma m(v)< 0.12 eV at 95 % CL. This bound, taken at face value, excludes many neutrino mass models. However, unstable neutrinos, with lifetimes shorter than the age of the universe <tau>(nu) less than or similar to t(U), represent a particle physics avenue to relax this constraint. Motivated by this fact, we present a taxonomy of neutrino decay modes, categorizing them in terms of particle content and final decay products. Taking into account the relevant phenomenological bounds, our analysis shows that 2-body decaying neutrinos into BSM particles are a promising option to relax cosmological neutrino mass bounds. We then build a simple extension of the type I seesaw scenario by adding one sterile state nu (4) and a Goldstone boson phi, in which nu (i)-> nu (4)phi decays can loosen the neutrino mass bounds up to Sigma m(v) similar to 1 eV, without spoiling the light neutrino mass generation mechanism. Remarkably, this is possible for a large range of the right-handed neutrino masses, from the electroweak up to the GUT scale. We successfully implement this idea in the context of minimal neutrino mass models based on a U(1)(mu-tau) flavor symmetry, which are otherwise in tension with the current bound on Sigma m(v).
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LHCb Collaboration(Aaij, R. et al), Garcia Martin, L. M., Henry, L., Jashal, B. K., Martinez-Vidal, F., Oyanguren, A., et al. (2020). Measurement of the shape of the B-s(0) -> D-s*(-) mu(+) nu(mu) differential decay rate. J. High Energy Phys., 12(12), 144–32pp.
Abstract: The shape of the B-s(0) -> D-s*mu(+)nu(mu) differential decay rate is obtained as a function of the hadron recoil parameter using proton-proton collision data at a centreof-mass energy of 13TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.7 fb(-1) collected by the LHCb detector. The B-s(0) -> D-s*(-)mu(+)nu(mu) decay is reconstructed through the decays D-s*(-) up arrow D-s(-) gamma and D-s(-) -> K-K+pi(-). The differential decay rate is fitted with the CapriniLellouch-Neubert (CLN) and Boyd-Grinstein-Lebed (BGL) parametrisations of the form factors, and the relevant quantities for both are extracted.
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LHCb Collaboration(Aaij, R. et al), Garcia Martin, L. M., Henry, L., Jashal, B. K., Martinez-Vidal, F., Oyanguren, A., et al. (2020). Measurement of branching fraction ratios for B+ -> D*+D-K+, B+ -> D*-D+K+, and B-0 -> (D*-DK+)-K-0 decays. J. High Energy Phys., 12(12), 139–22pp.
Abstract: A measurement of four branching-fraction ratios for three-body decays of B mesons involving two open-charm hadrons in the final state is presented. Run 1 and Run 2 pp collision data are used, recorded by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies 7, 8, and 13 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb(-1). The measured branching-fraction ratios are<disp-formula id=“Equa”><mml:mtable displaystyle=“true”><mml:mtr><mml:mtd><mml:mfrac>B<mml:mfenced close=“)” open=“(”>B+-> D+D-K+</mml:mfenced>B<mml:mfenced close=“)” open=“(”>B+-> D<overbar></mml:mover>0D0K+</mml:mfenced></mml:mfrac>=0.5170.0150.013 +/- 0.011,</mml:mtd></mml:mtr><mml:mtr><mml:mtd><mml:mfrac>B<mml:mfenced close=“)” open=“(”>B+-> D-D+K+</mml:mfenced>B<mml:mfenced close=“)” open=“(”>B+-> D<overbar></mml:mover>0D0K+</mml:mfenced></mml:mfrac>=0.577 +/- 0.016 +/- 0.013 +/- 0.013,</mml:mtd></mml:mtr><mml:mtr><mml:mtd><mml:mtable><mml:mtr><mml:mtd><mml:mfrac>B<mml:mfenced close=“)” open=“(”>B0 -> D-D0K+</mml:mfenced>B<mml:mfenced close=“)” open=“(”>B0 -> D-D0K+</mml:mfenced></mml:mfrac>=1.754 +/- 0.028 +/- 0.016 +/- 0.035,</mml:mtd></mml:mtr><mml:mtr><mml:mtd><mml:mfrac>B<mml:mfenced close=“)” open=“(”>B+-> D+D-K+</mml:mfenced>B<mml:mfenced close=“)” open=“(”>B+-> D-D+K+</mml:mfenced></mml:mfrac>=0.907 +/- 0.033<mml:mo>+/- 0.014<mml:mo>,</mml:mtd></mml:mtr></mml:mtable></mml:mtd></mml:mtr></mml:mtable><graphic position=“anchor” xmlns:xlink=“http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink” xlink:href=“13130 202014428 ArticleEqua.gif”></graphic></disp-formula><p id=“Par2”>where the first of the uncertainties is statistical, the second systematic, and the third is due to the uncertainties on the D-meson branching fractions. These are the most accurate measurements of these ratios to date.<fig id=“Figa” position=“anchor”><graphic position=“anchor” specific-use=“HTML” mime-subtype=“JPEG” xmlns:xlink=“http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink” xlink:href=“MediaObjects/13130 202014428 FigaHTML.jpg” id=“MO1”></graphic
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Archidiacono, M., Gariazzo, S., Giunti, C., Hannestad, S., & Tram, T. (2020). Sterile neutrino self-interactions: H-0 tension and short-baseline anomalies. J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 12(12), 029–20pp.
Abstract: Sterile neutrinos with a mass in the eV range have been invoked as a possible explanation of a variety of short baseline (SBL) neutrino oscillation anomalies. However, if one considers neutrino oscillations between active and sterile neutrinos, such neutrinos would have been fully thermalised in the early universe, and would be therefore in strong conflict with cosmological bounds. In this study we first update cosmological bounds on the mass and energy density of eV-scale sterile neutrinos. We then perform an updated study of a previously proposed model in which the sterile neutrino couples to a new light pseudoscalar degree of freedom. Consistently with previous analyses, we find that the model provides a good fit to all cosmological data and allows the high value of H-0 measured in the local universe to be consistent with measurements of the cosmic microwave background. However, new high l polarisation data constrain the sterile neutrino mass to be less than approximately 1 eV in this scenario. Finally, we combine the cosmological bounds on the pseudoscalar model with a Bayesian inference analysis of SBL data and conclude that only a sterile mass in narrow ranges around 1 eV remains consistent with both cosmology and SBL data.
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Otten, S., Caron, S., de Swart, W., van Beekveld, M., Hendriks, L., van Leeuwen, C., et al. (2021). Event generation and statistical sampling for physics with deep generative models and a density information buffer. Nat. Commun., 12(1), 2985–16pp.
Abstract: Simulating nature and in particular processes in particle physics require expensive computations and sometimes would take much longer than scientists can afford. Here, we explore ways to a solution for this problem by investigating recent advances in generative modeling and present a study for the generation of events from a physical process with deep generative models. The simulation of physical processes requires not only the production of physical events, but to also ensure that these events occur with the correct frequencies. We investigate the feasibility of learning the event generation and the frequency of occurrence with several generative machine learning models to produce events like Monte Carlo generators. We study three processes: a simple two-body decay, the processes e(+)e(-)-> Z -> l(+)l(-) and pp -> tt<mml:mo><overbar></mml:mover> including the decay of the top quarks and a simulation of the detector response. By buffering density information of encoded Monte Carlo events given the encoder of a Variational Autoencoder we are able to construct a prior for the sampling of new events from the decoder that yields distributions that are in very good agreement with real Monte Carlo events and are generated several orders of magnitude faster. Applications of this work include generic density estimation and sampling, targeted event generation via a principal component analysis of encoded ground truth data, anomaly detection and more efficient importance sampling, e.g., for the phase space integration of matrix elements in quantum field theories. Here, the authors report buffered-density variational autoencoders for the generation of physical events. This method is computationally less expensive over other traditional methods and beyond accelerating the data generation process, it can help to steer the generation and to detect anomalies.
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LHCb Collaboration(Aaij, R. et al), Jashal, B. K., Martinez-Vidal, F., Oyanguren, A., Remon Alepuz, C., & Ruiz Vidal, J. (2021). Updated search for B-c(+) decays to two charm mesons. J. High Energy Phys., 12(12), 117–23pp.
Abstract: A data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb(-1) of proton-proton collisions collected by the LHCb experiment has been analysed to search for D-(s)(()*())+ ((D) over bar)(*)0 decays. The decays are fully or partially reconstructed, where one or two (8) missing neutral pions or photons from the decay of an excited charm meson are allowed. Upper limits for the branching fractions, normalised to B+ decays to final states with similar topologies, are obtained for sixteen B-c(+) decay modes. For the decay B-c(+) -> D-s(+)(D) over bar (0), an excess with a significance of 3.4 standard deviations is found.
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LHCb Collaboration(Aaij, R. et al), Jashal, B. K., Martinez-Vidal, F., Oyanguren, A., Remon Alepuz, C., & Ruiz Vidal, J. (2021). Search for the doubly charmed baryon Xi(+)(cc) in the Xi(+)(c)pi(-)pi(+) final state. J. High Energy Phys., 12(12), 107–27pp.
Abstract: A search for the doubly charmed baryon Xi(+)(cc) is performed in the Xi(+)(c)pi(-)pi(+ )invariant-mass spectrum, where the Xi(-)(cc) baryon is reconstructed in the pK(-)pi(+) final state. The study uses proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector at a centreof-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 5.4 fb(-1). No significant signal is observed in the invariant-mass range of 3.4-3.8 GeV/c(2). Upper limits are set on the ratio of branching fractions multiplied by the production cross-section with respect to the Xi(++)(cc) -> (Xi(+)(c) -> pK(-)pi(+)+/-)pi(+ ) decay for different Xi(+)(cc) mass and lifetime hy- potheses in the rapidity range from 2.0 to 4.5 and the transverse momentum range from 2.5 to 25 GeV/c. The results from this search are combined with a previously published search for the Xi(+)(cc) -> A(c)(+)K(-)pi(+ ) decay mode, yielding a maximum local significance of 4.0 standard deviations around the mass of 3620 MeV/c(2), including systematic uncertainties. Taking into account the look-elsewhere effect in the 3.5-3.7 GeV/c(2) mass window, the combined global significance is 2.9 standard deviations including systematic uncertainties.
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Barenboim, G., Blinov, N., & Stebbins, A. (2021). Smallest remnants of early matter domination. J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 12(12), 026–50pp.
Abstract: The evolution of the universe prior to Big Bang Nucleosynthesis could have gone through a phase of early matter domination which enhanced the growth of small-scale dark matter structure. If this period was long enough, self-gravitating objects formed prior to reheating. We study the evolution of these dense early halos through reheating. At the end of early matter domination, the early halos undergo rapid expansion and eventually eject their matter. We find that this process washes out structure on scales much larger than naively expected from the size of the original halos. We compute the density profiles of the early halo remnants and use them to construct late-time power spectra that include these non-linear effects. We evolve the resulting power spectrum to estimate the properties of microhalos that would form after matter-radiation equality. Surprisingly, cosmologies with a short period of early matter domination lead to an earlier onset of microhalo formation compared to those with a long period. In either case, dark matter structure formation begins much earlier than in the standard cosmology, with most dark matter bound in microhalos in the late universe.
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LHCb Collaboration(Aaij, R. et al), Jashal, B. K., Martinez-Vidal, F., Oyanguren, A., Remon Alepuz, C., & Ruiz Vidal, J. (2021). Simultaneous determination of CKM angle gamma and charm mixing parameters. J. High Energy Phys., 12(12), 141–32pp.
Abstract: A combination of measurements sensitive to the CP violation angle gamma of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa unitarity triangle and to the charm mixing parameters that describe oscillations between D-0 and (D) over bar (0) mesons is performed. Results from the charm and beauty sectors, based on data collected with the LHCb detector at CERN's Large Hadron Collider, are combined for the first time. This method provides an improvement on the precision of the charm mixing parameter y by a factor of two with respect to the current world average. The charm mixing parameters are determined to be x = (0.400(-0.053)(+0.052))% and y = (0.630(-0.030)(+0.033))%. The angle gamma is found to be gamma = (65.4(-4.2)(+3.8))degrees and is the most precise determination from a single experiment.
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Miranda, O. G., Papoulias, D. K., Sanders, O., Tortola, M., & Valle, J. W. F. (2021). Low-energy probes of sterile neutrino transition magnetic moments. J. High Energy Phys., 12(12), 191–24pp.
Abstract: Sterile neutrinos with keV-MeV masses and non-zero transition magnetic moments can be probed through low-energy nuclear or electron recoil measurements. Here we determine the sensitivities of current and future searches, showing how they can probe a previously unexplored parameter region. Future coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) or elastic neutrino-electron scattering (EvES) experiments using a monochromatic 'Cr source can fully probe the region indicated by the recent XENONIT excess.
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