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Author |
Tarifeño-Saldivia, A.; Soto, L. |
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Title |
Effects of gas chamber geometry and gas flow on the neutron production in a fast plasma focus neutron source |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion |
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Volume |
56 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
125013 - 5pp |
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Keywords |
pulsed neutron source; repetitive plasma focus; neutron yield measurement; fast plasma focus |
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Abstract |
This work reports that gas chamber geometry and gas flow management substantially affect the neutron production of a repetitive fast plasma focus. The gas flow rate is the most sensitive parameter. An appropriate design of the gas chamber combined with a suitable flow-rate management can lead to improvements in the neutron production of one order of magnitude working in a fast repetitive mode. |
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Address |
[Tarifeno-Saldivia, Ariel; Soto, Leopoldo] Comis Chilena Energia Nucl CCHEN, Santiago, Chile, Email: atarisal@gmail.com; |
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Publisher |
Iop Publishing Ltd |
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English |
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ISSN |
0741-3335 |
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Notes |
WOS:000346926300024 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
2070 |
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Author |
Torres-Espallardo, I.; Diblen, F.; Rohling, H.; Solevi, P.; Gillam, J.; Watts, D.; Espana, S.; Vandenberghe, S.; Fiedler, F.; Rafecas, M. |
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Title |
Evaluation of resistive-plate-chamber-based TOF-PET applied to in-beam particle therapy monitoring |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Physics in Medicine and Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Med. Biol. |
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Volume |
60 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
N187-N208 |
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Keywords |
PET; in-beam; RPC; particle therapy; TOF; range deviation; partial-ring |
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Abstract |
Particle therapy is a highly conformal radiotherapy technique which reduces the dose deposited to the surrounding normal tissues. In order to fully exploit its advantages, treatment monitoring is necessary to minimize uncertainties related to the dose delivery. Up to now, the only clinically feasible technique for the monitoring of therapeutic irradiation with particle beams is Positron Emission Tomography (PET). In this work we have compared a Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC)-based PET scanner with a scintillation-crystal-based PET scanner for this application. In general, the main advantages of the RPC-PET system are its excellent timing resolution, low cost, and the possibility of building large area systems. We simulated a partial-ring scannerbeam monitoring, which has an intrinsically low positron yield compared to diagnostic PET. In addition, for in-beam PET there is a further data loss due to the partial ring configuration. In order to improve the performance of the RPC-based scanner, an improved version of the RPC detector (modifying the thickness of the gas and glass layers), providing a larger sensitivity, has been simulated and compared with an axially extended version of the crystal-based device. The improved version of the RPC shows better performance than the prototype, but the extended version of the crystal-based PET outperforms all other options. based on an RPC prototype under construction within the Fondazione per Adroterapia Oncologica (TERA). For comparison with the crystal-based PET scanner we have chosen the geometry of a commercially available PET scanner, the Philips Gemini TF. The coincidence time resolution used in the simulations takes into account the current achievable values as well as expected improvements of both technologies. Several scenarios (including patient data) have been simulated to evaluate the performance of different scanners. Initial results have shown that the low sensitivity of the RPC hampers its application to hadron |
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Address |
[Torres-Espallardo, I.; Solevi, P.; Gillam, J.; Rafecas, M.] UV, CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular IFIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain, Email: irene.torres@uv.es |
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Publisher |
Iop Publishing Ltd |
Place of Publication |
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English |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0031-9155 |
ISBN |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:000354104700003 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
2227 |
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Author |
Cabello, J.; Etxebeste, A.; Llosa, G.; Ziegler, S.I. |
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Title |
Simulation study of PET detector limitations using continuous crystals |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Physics in Medicine and Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Med. Biol. |
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Volume |
60 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
3673-3694 |
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Keywords |
continuous crystals; parallax effects; depth of interaction; high resolution; small animal PET |
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Abstract |
Continuous crystals can potentially obtain better intrinsic detector spatial resolution compared to pixelated crystals, additionally providing depth of interaction (DoI) information from the light distribution. To achieve high performance sophisticated interaction position estimation algorithms are required. There are a number of algorithms in the literature applied to different crystal dimensions and different photodetectors. However, the different crystal properties and photodetector array geometries have an impact on the algorithm performance. In this work we analysed, through Monte Carlo simulations, different combinations of realistic crystals and photodetector parameters to better understand their influence on the interaction position estimation accuracy, with special emphasis on the DoI. We used an interaction position estimation based on an analytical model for the present work. Different photodetector granulation schemes were investigated. The impact of the number of crystal faces readout by photodetectors was studied by simulating scenarios with one and two photodetectors. In addition, crystals with different levels of reflection and aspect ratios (AR) were analysed. Results showed that the impact of photodetector granularity is mainly shown near the edges and specially in the corners of the crystal. The resulting intrinsic spatial resolution near the centre with a 12 x 12 x 10 mm(3) LYSO crystal was 0.7-0.9 mm, while the average spatial resolution calculated on the entire crystal was 0.77 +/- 0.18 mm for all the simulated geometries with one and two photodetectors. Having front and back photodetectors reduced the DoI bias (Euclidean distance between estimated DoI and real DoI) and improved the transversal resolution near the corners. In scenarios with one photodetector, small AR resulted in DoI inaccuracies for absorbed events at the entrance of the crystal. These inaccuracies were slightly reduced either by increasing the AR or reducing the amount of reflected light, and highly mitigated using two photodetectors. Using one photodetector, we obtained a piecewise DoI error model with a DoI resolution of 0.4-0.9 mm for a 1.2 AR crystal, and we observed that including a second photodetector or reducing the amount of reflections reduced the DoI bias but did not significantly improve the DoI resolution. Translating the piecewise DoI error model obtained in this study to image reconstruction we obtained a spatial resolution variability of 0.39 mm using 85% of the FoV, compared to 2.59 mm and 1.87 mm without DoI correction or with a dual layer system, respectively. |
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Address |
[Cabello, Jorge; Ziegler, Sibylle I.] Tech Univ Munich, Klinikum Rechts Isar, Nukl Med Klin & Poliklin, D-80290 Munich, Germany, Email: jorge.cabello@tum.de |
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Publisher |
Iop Publishing Ltd |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0031-9155 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:000354104700019 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
2226 |
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Author |
Brzezinski, K.; Oliver, J.F.; Gillam, J.; Rafecas, M. |
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Title |
Study of a high-resolution PET system using a Silicon detector probe |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Physics in Medicine and Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Med. Biol. |
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Volume |
59 |
Issue |
20 |
Pages |
6117-6140 |
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Keywords |
PET; high-resolution imaging; Si detectors; PET insert |
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Abstract |
A high-resolution silicon detector probe, in coincidence with a conventional PET scanner, is expected to provide images of higher quality than those achievable using the scanner alone. Spatial resolution should improve due to the finer pixelization of the probe detector, while increased sensitivity in the probe vicinity is expected to decrease noise. A PET-probe prototype is being developed utilizing this principle. The system includes a probe consisting of ten layers of silicon detectors, each a 80 x 52 array of 1 x 1 x 1 mm(3) pixels, to be operated in coincidence with a modern clinical PET scanner. Detailed simulation studies of this system have been performed to assess the effect of the additional probe information on the quality of the reconstructed images. A grid of point sources was simulated to study the contribution of the probe to the system resolution at different locations over the field of view (FOV). A resolution phantom was used to demonstrate the effect on image resolution for two probe positions. A homogeneous source distribution with hot and cold regions was used to demonstrate that the localized improvement in resolution does not come at the expense of the overall quality of the image. Since the improvement is constrained to an area close to the probe, breast imaging is proposed as a potential application for the novel geometry. In this sense, a simplified breast phantom, adjacent to heart and torso compartments, was simulated and the effect of the probe on lesion detectability, through measurements of the local contrast recovery coefficient-to-noise ratio (CNR), was observed. The list-mode ML-EM algorithm was used for image reconstruction in all cases. As expected, the point spread function of the PET-probe system was found to be non-isotropic and vary with position, offering improvement in specific regions. Increase in resolution, of factors of up to 2, was observed in the region close to the probe. Images of the resolution phantom showed visible improvement in resolution when including the probe in the simulations. The image quality study demonstrated that contrast and spill-over ratio in other areas of the FOV were not sacrificed for this enhancement. The CNR study performed on the breast phantom indicates increased lesion detectability provided by the probe. |
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Address |
[Brzezinski, K.; Oliver, J. F.; Gillam, J.; Rafecas, M.] Univ Valencia, CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, E-46980 Valencia, Spain, Email: brzezinski@ific.uv.es |
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Publisher |
Iop Publishing Ltd |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0031-9155 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:000343092300011 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
1963 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Gillam, J.E.; Solevi, P.; Oliver, J.F.; Casella, C.; Heller, M.; Joram, C.; Rafecas, M. |
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Title |
Sensitivity recovery for the AX-PET prototype using inter-crystal scattering events |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Physics in Medicine and Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Med. Biol. |
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Volume |
59 |
Issue |
15 |
Pages |
4065-4083 |
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Keywords |
positron emission tomography (PET); inter-crystal scattering; sensitivity |
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Abstract |
The development of novel detection devices and systems such as the AX-positron emission tomography (PET) demonstrator often introduce or increase the measurement of atypical coincidence events such as inter-crystal scattering (ICS). In more standard systems, ICS events often go undetected and the small measured fraction may be ignored. As the measured quantity of such events in the data increases, so too does the importance of considering them during image reconstruction. Generally, treatment of ICS events will attempt to determine which of the possible candidate lines of response (LoRs) correctly determine the annihilation photon trajectory. However, methods of assessment often have low success rates or are computationally demanding. In this investigation alternative approaches are considered. Experimental data was taken using the AX-PET prototype and a NEMA phantom. Three methods of ICS treatment were assessed-each of which considered all possible candidate LoRs during image reconstruction. Maximum likelihood expectation maximization was used in conjunction with both standard (line-like) and novel (V-like in this investigation) detection responses modeled within the system matrix. The investigation assumed that no information other than interaction locations was available to distinguish between candidates, yet the methods assessed all provided means by which such information could be included. In all cases it was shown that the signal to noise ratio is increased using ICS events. However, only one method, which used full modeling of the ICS response in the system matrix-the V-like model-provided enhancement in all figures of merit assessed in this investigation. Finally, the optimal method of ICS incorporation was demonstrated using data from two small animals measured using the AX-PET demonstrator. |
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Address |
[Gillam, John E.; Solevi, Paola; Oliver, Josep F.; Rafecas, Magdalena] Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, Valencia, Spain, Email: john.gillam@sydney.edu.au |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Iop Publishing Ltd |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0031-9155 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:000340056800006 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
1879 |
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Author |
Gomez-Cadenas, J.J.; Benlloch-Rodriguez, J.M.; Ferrario, P. |
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Title |
Application of scintillating properties of liquid xenon and silicon photomultiplier technology to medical imaging |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Spectrochimica Acta Part B |
Abbreviated Journal |
Spectroc. Acta Pt. B |
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Volume |
118 |
Issue |
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Pages |
6-13 |
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Keywords |
PET; TOF; Liquid xenon; Energy resolution; High sensitivity; Coincidence resolution time (CRT); SiPMs |
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Abstract |
We describe a new positron emission time-of-flight apparatus using liquid xenon. The detector is based in a liquid xenon scintillating cell. The cell shape and dimensions can be optimized depending on the intended application. In its simplest form, the liquid xenon scintillating cell is a box in which two faces are covered by silicon photomultipliers and the others by a reflecting material such as Teflon. It is a compact, homogenous and highly efficient detector which shares many of the desirable properties of monolithic crystals, with the added advantage of high yield and fast scintillation offered by liquid xenon. Our initial studies suggest that good energy and spatial resolution comparable with that achieved by lutetium oxyorthosilicate crystals can be obtained with a detector based in liquid xenon scintillating cells. In addition, the system can potentially achieve an excellent coincidence resolving time of better than 100 ps. |
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Address |
[Gomez-Cadenas, J. J.; Benlloch-Rodriguez, J. M.; Ferrario, Paola] Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, E-46003 Valencia, Spain, Email: gomez@mail.cern.ch |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0584-8547 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:000374073300002 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
no |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
2631 |
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Author |
Viegas, R.; Roser, J.; Barrientos, L.; Borja-Lloret, M.; Casaña, J.V.; Lopez, J.G.; Jimenez-Ramos, M.C.; Hueso-Gonzalez, F.; Ros, A.; Llosa, G. |
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Title |
Characterization of a Compton camera based on the TOFPET2 ASIC |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Radiation Physics and Chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Radiat. Phys. Chem. |
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Volume |
202 |
Issue |
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Pages |
110507 - 11pp |
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Keywords |
Compton camera; Hadron therapy; LaBr3; PETsys TOFPET2; Silicon photomultipliers |
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Abstract |
The use of Compton cameras for medical imaging and its interest as a hadron therapy treatment monitoring has increased in the last decade with the development of silicon photomultipliers. MACACOp is a Compton camera prototype designed and assembled at the IRIS group of IFIC-Valencia. This Compton camera is based on monolithic Lanthanum (III) Bromide crystals and silicon photomultipliers, and employs the novel TOFPET2 ASIC as readout electronics. This system emerged as an alternative to MACACO II prototype, with the aim of improving its limited time resolution. To test the performance of the ASIC in a Compton camera setup, the prototype was characterized, both in laboratory and in-beam. A time resolution of 1.5 ns was obtained after time corrections, which improves greatly the performance of the MACACO II. Moreover, the results obtained at high photon energies demonstrate the ability of the system to obtain 1 mm displacements of the reconstructed spots. The results reinforce the potential of the system as a monitoring device for hadron therapy. |
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Address |
[Viegas, R.; Roser, J.; Barrientos, L.; Borja-Lloret, M.; Casana, J., V; Hueso-Gonzalez, F.; Ros, A.; Llosa, G.] CSIC UV, Inst Fis Corpuscular IFIC, Valencia, Spain, Email: Rita.Viegas@ific.uv.es |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0969-806x |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:000870840600006 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
no |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
5392 |
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Author |
Becker, R.; Buck, A.; Casella, C.; Dissertori, G.; Fischer, J.; Howard, A.; Ito, M.; Khateri, P.; Lustermann, W.; Oliver, J.F.; Roser, U.; Warnock, G.; Weber, B. |
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Title |
The SAFIR experiment: Concept, status and perspectives |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research A |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A |
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Volume |
845 |
Issue |
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Pages |
648-651 |
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Keywords |
Positron Emission Tomography (PET); Hybrid PET/MRI; SiPM |
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Abstract |
The SAFIR development represents a novel Positron Emission Tomography (PET) detector, conceived for preclinical fast acquisitions inside the bore of a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanner. The goal is hybrid and simultaneous PET/MRI dynamic studies at unprecedented temporal resolutions of a few seconds. The detector relies on matrices of scintillating LSO-based crystals coupled one-to-one with SiPM arrays and readout by fast ASIC5 with excellent timing resolution and high rate capabilities. The paper describes the detector concept and the initial results in terms of simulations and characterisation measurements. |
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Address |
[Becker, Robert; Casella, Chiara; Dissertori, Gunther; Fischer, Jannis; Howard, Alexander; Ito, Mikiko; Khateri, Parisa; Lustermann, Werner; Roeser, Ulf] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Particle Phys, Zurich, Switzerland, Email: chiara.casella@cern.ch |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Elsevier Science Bv |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0168-9002 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:000394556300153 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
2957 |
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Author |
Grkovski, M.; Brzezinski, K.; Cindro, V.; Clinthorne, N.H.; Kagan, H.; Lacasta, C.; Mikuz, M.; Solaz, C.; Studen, A.; Weilhammer, P.; Zontar, D. |
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Title |
Evaluation of a high resolution silicon PET insert module |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research A |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A |
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Volume |
788 |
Issue |
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Pages |
86-94 |
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Keywords |
Positron emission tomography; Silicon detectors; PET insert; Image reconstruction |
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Abstract |
Conventional PET systems can be augmented with additional detectors placed in close proximity of the region of interest. We developed a high resolution PET insert module to evaluate the added benefit of such a combination. The insert module consists of two back-to-back 1 mm thick silicon sensors, each segmented into 1040 1 mm(2) pads arranged in a 40 by 26 array. A set of 16 VATAGP7.1 ASICs and a custom assembled data acquisition board were used to read out the signal from the insert module. Data were acquired in slice (20) geometry with a Jaszczak phantom (rod diameters of 12-4.8 mm) Filled with F-18-FDG and the images were reconstructed with ML-EM method. Both data with full and limited angular coverage from the insert module were considered and three types of coincidence events were combined. The ratio of high-resolution data that substantially improves quality of the reconstructed image for the region near the surface of the insert module was estimated to be about 4%. Results from our previous studies suggest that such ratio could be achieved at a moderate technological expense by using an equivalent of two insert modules (an effective sensor thickness of 4 mm). |
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Address |
[Grkovski, Milan; Cindro, Vladimir; Mikuz, Marko; Studen, Andrej; Zontar, Dejan] Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Email: milan.grkovski@ijs.si |
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Publisher |
Elsevier Science Bv |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0168-9002 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:000354870700016 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
2232 |
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Author |
Llosa, G. |
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Title |
Recent developments in photodetection for medical applications |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research A |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A |
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Volume |
787 |
Issue |
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Pages |
353-357 |
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Keywords |
Detectors; Photodetectors; Medical applications; PET; SPECT; Hadron Therapy |
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Abstract |
The use of the most advanced technology in medical imaging results in the development of high performance detectors that can significantly improve the performance of the medical devices employed in hospitals. Scintillator crystals coupled to photodetectors remain to be essential detectors in terms of performance and cost for medical imaging applications in different imaging modalities. Recent advances in photodetectors result in an increase of the performance of the medical scanners. Solid state detectors can provide substantial performance improvement, but are more complex to integrate into clinical detectors due mainly to their higher cost. Solid state photodetectors (APDs, SiPMs) have made new detector concepts possible and have led to improvements in different imaging modalities. Recent advances in detectors for medical imaging are revised. |
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Address |
UVEG, CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, Valencia, Spain, Email: gabriela.llosa@ific.uv.es |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Elsevier Science Bv |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0168-9002 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:000354869900079 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
no |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
2233 |
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