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	Author	MoEDAL Collaboration (Acharya, B. et al); Musumeci,E.; Mitsou, V.A.; Papavassiliou, J.; Ruiz de Austri, R.; Santra, A.; Vento, V.; Vives, O.
	Title	Search for highly-ionizing particles in pp collisions at the LHC's Run-1 using the prototype MoEDAL detector			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2022	Publication	European Physical Journal C	Abbreviated Journal	Eur. Phys. J. C
	Volume	82	Issue	8	Pages	694 - 16pp
	Keywords
	Abstract	A search for highly electrically charged objects (HECOs) and magnetic monopoles is presented using 2.2 fb(-1) of p – p collision data taken at a centre of mass energy (E-CM) of 8 TeV by the MoEDAL detector during LHC's Run-1. The data were collected using MoEDAL's prototype Nuclear Track Detectord array and the Trapping Detector array. The results are interpreted in terms of Drell-Yan pair production of stable HECO and monopole pairs with three spin hypotheses (0, 1/2 and 1). The search provides constraints on the direct production of magnetic monopoles carrying one to four Dirac magnetic charges and with mass limits ranging from 590 GeV/c(2) to 1 TeV/c(2). Additionally, mass limits are placed on HECOs with charge in the range 10e to 180e, where e is the charge of an electron, for masses between 30 GeV/c(2) and 1 TeV/c(2).
	Address	[Acharya, B.; Alexandre, J.; Ellis, J. R.; Fairbairn, M.; Mavromatos, N. E.; Sakellariadou, M.; Sarkar, S.] Kings Coll London, Phys Dept, Theoret Particle Phys & Cosmol Grp, London, England, Email: Laura.Patrizii@bo.infn.il;
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1434-6044	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	WOS:000838674800001			Approved	no
	Is ISI	yes	International Collaboration	yes
	Call Number	IFIC @ pastor @			Serial	5326
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	Author	Stoppa, F.; Vreeswijk, P.; Bloemen, S.; Bhattacharyya, S.; Caron, S.; Johannesson, G.; Ruiz de Austri, R.; van den Oetelaar, C.; Zaharijas, G.; Groot, P.J.; Cator, E.; Nelemans, G.
	Title	AutoSourceID-Light Fast optical source localization via U-Net and Laplacian of Gaussian			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2022	Publication	Astronomy & Astrophysics	Abbreviated Journal	Astron. Astrophys.
	Volume	662	Issue		Pages	A109 - 8pp
	Keywords	astronomical databases; miscellaneous; methods; data analysis; stars; imaging; techniques; image processing
	Abstract	Aims. With the ever-increasing survey speed of optical wide-field telescopes and the importance of discovering transients when they are still young, rapid and reliable source localization is paramount. We present AutoSourceID-Light (ASID-L), an innovative framework that uses computer vision techniques that can naturally deal with large amounts of data and rapidly localize sources in optical images. Methods. We show that the ASID-L algorithm based on U-shaped networks and enhanced with a Laplacian of Gaussian filter provides outstanding performance in the localization of sources. A U-Net network discerns the sources in the images from many different artifacts and passes the result to a Laplacian of Gaussian filter that then estimates the exact location. Results. Using ASID-L on the optical images of the MeerLICHT telescope demonstrates the great speed and localization power of the method. We compare the results with SExtractor and show that our method outperforms this more widely used method. ASID-L rapidly detects more sources not only in low- and mid-density fields, but particularly in areas with more than 150 sources per square arcminute. The training set and code used in this paper are publicly available.
	Address	[Stoppa, F.; Vreeswijk, P.; Bloemen, S.; Groot, P. J.; Nelemans, G.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Astrophys, IMAPP, POB 9010, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands, Email: f.stoppa@astro.ru.nl
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Edp Sciences S A	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0004-6361	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	WOS:000818665600009			Approved	no
	Is ISI	yes	International Collaboration	yes
	Call Number	IFIC @ pastor @			Serial	5291
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	Author	Jueid, A.; Kip, J.; Ruiz de Austri, R.; Skands, P.
	Title	Impact of QCD uncertainties on antiproton spectra from dark-matter annihilation			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics	Abbreviated Journal	J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.
	Volume	04	Issue	4	Pages	068 - 15pp
	Keywords	cosmic ray theory; dark matter simulations; cosmic ray experiments; Frequentist statistics
	Abstract	Dark-matter particles that annihilate or decay can undergo complex sequences of processes, including strong and electromagnetic radiation, hadronisation, and hadron de-cays, before particles that are stable on astrophysical time scales are produced. Antiprotons produced in this way may leave footprints in experiments such as AMS-02. Several groups have reported an excess of events in the antiproton flux in the rigidity range of 10-20 GV. However, the theoretical modeling of baryon production is not straightforward and relies in part on phenomenological models in Monte Carlo event generators. In this work, we assess the impact of QCD uncertainties on the spectra of antiprotons from dark-matter annihila-tion. As a proof-of-principle, we show that for a two-parameter model that depends only on the thermally-averaged annihilation cross section ((o -v)) and the dark-matter mass (Mx), QCD uncertainties can affect the best-fit mass by up to ti 14% (with large uncertainties for large DM masses), depending on the choice of Mx and the annihilation channel (bb over bar or W+W-), and (o -v) by up to ti 10%. For comparison, changes to the underlying diffusion parameters are found to be within 1%-5%, and the results are also quite resilient to the choice of cosmic-ray propagation model. These findings indicate that QCD uncertainties need to be included in future DM analyses. To facilitate full-fledged analyses, we provide the spectra in tabulated form including QCD uncertainties and code snippets to perform mass interpolations and quick DM fits. The code can be found in this GitHub [1] repository.
	Address	[Jueid, Adil] Inst Basic Sci IBS, Ctr Theoret Phys Universe, Daejeon 34126, South Korea, Email: adiljueid@ibs.re.kr;
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	IOP Publishing Ltd	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1475-7516	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	WOS:000985779900007			Approved	no
	Is ISI	yes	International Collaboration	yes
	Call Number	IFIC @ pastor @			Serial	5532
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	Author	Dorigo, T. et al; Ramos, A.; Ruiz de Austri, R.
	Title	Toward the end-to-end optimization of particle physics instruments with differentiable programming			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Reviews in Physics	Abbreviated Journal	Rev. Phys.
	Volume	10	Issue		Pages	100085 - pp
	Keywords
	Abstract	The full optimization of the design and operation of instruments whose functioning relies on the interaction of radiation with matter is a super-human task, due to the large dimensionality of the space of possible choices for geometry, detection technology, materials, data-acquisition, and information-extraction techniques, and the interdependence of the related parameters. On the other hand, massive potential gains in performance over standard, “experience-driven” layouts are in principle within our reach if an objective function fully aligned with the final goals of the instrument is maximized through a systematic search of the configuration space. The stochastic nature of the involved quantum processes make the modeling of these systems an intractable problem from a classical statistics point of view, yet the construction of a fully differentiable pipeline and the use of deep learning techniques may allow the simultaneous optimization of all design parameters.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Is ISI	yes	International Collaboration	yes
	Call Number	IFIC @ pastor @			Serial	6096
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	Author	Kim, J.S.; Lopez-Fogliani, D.E.; Perez, A.D.; Ruiz de Austri, R.
	Title	Right-handed sneutrino and gravitino multicomponent dark matter in light of neutrino detectors			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics	Abbreviated Journal	J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.
	Volume	04	Issue	4	Pages	050 - 32pp
	Keywords	dark matter theory; dark matter experiments; neutrino detectors
	Abstract	We investigate the possibility that right-handed (RH) sneutrinos and gravitinos can coexist and explain the dark matter (DM) problem. We compare extensions of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) and the next-to-MSSM (NMSSM) adding RH neutrinos superfields, with special emphasis on the latter. If the gravitino is the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP) and the RH sneutrino the next-to-LSP (NLSP), the heavier particle decays to the former plus left-handed (LH) neutrinos through the mixing between the scalar partners of the LH and RH neutrinos. However, the interaction is suppressed by the Planck mass, and if the LH-RH sneutrino mixing parameter is small, << O(10-2), a long-lived RH sneutrino NLSP is possible even surpassing the age of the Universe. As a byproduct, the NLSP to LSP decay produces monochromatic neutrinos in the ballpark of current and planned neutrino telescopes like Super-Kamiokande, IceCube and Antares that we use to set constraints and show prospects of detection. In the NMSSM+RHN, assuming a gluino mass parameter M3 = 3 TeV we found the following lower limits for the gravitino mass m3/2 >= 1-600 GeV and the reheating temperature TR >= 105-3 x 107 GeV, for m nu similar to R similar to 10-800 GeV. If we take M3 = 10 TeV, then the limits on TR are relaxed by one order of magnitude.
	Address	[Kim, Jong Soo] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, Johannesburg, South Africa, Email: jongsoo.kim@tu-dortmund.de;
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	IOP Publishing Ltd	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1475-7516	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	WOS:000975382300001			Approved	no
	Is ISI	yes	International Collaboration	yes
	Call Number	IFIC @ pastor @			Serial	5523
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	Author	van Beekveld, M.; Beenakker, W.; Caron, S.; Kip, J.; Ruiz de Austri, R.; Zhang, Z.Y.
	Title	Non-standard neutrino spectra from annihilating neutralino dark matter			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Scipost Physics Core	Abbreviated Journal	SciPost Phys. Core
	Volume	6	Issue	1	Pages	006 - 23pp
	Keywords
	Abstract	Neutrino telescope experiments are rapidly becoming more competitive in indirect de-tection searches for dark matter. Neutrino signals arising from dark matter annihilations are typically assumed to originate from the hadronisation and decay of Standard Model particles. Here we showcase a supersymmetric model, the BLSSMIS, that can simulta-neously obey current experimental limits while still providing a potentially observable non-standard neutrino spectrum from dark matter annihilation.
	Address	[van Beekveld, Melissa] Univ Oxford, Rudolf Peierls Ctr Theoret Phys, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England, Email: melissa.vanbeekveld@physics.ox.ac.uk;
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Scipost Foundation	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	WOS:000928492200001			Approved	no
	Is ISI	yes	International Collaboration	yes
	Call Number	IFIC @ pastor @			Serial	5480
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	Author	Caron, S.; Ruiz de Austri, R.; Zhang, Z.Y.
	Title	Mixture-of-Theories training: can we find new physics and anomalies better by mixing physical theories?			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Journal of High Energy Physics	Abbreviated Journal	J. High Energy Phys.
	Volume	03	Issue	3	Pages	004 - 37pp
	Keywords	Specific BSM Phenomenology; Supersymmetry
	Abstract	Model-independent search strategies have been increasingly proposed in recent years because on the one hand there has been no clear signal for new physics and on the other hand there is a lack of a highly probable and parameter-free extension of the standard model. For these reasons, there is no simple search target so far. In this work, we try to take a new direction and ask the question: bearing in mind that we have a large number of new physics theories that go beyond the Standard Model and may contain a grain of truth, can we improve our search strategy for unknown signals by using them “in combination”? In particular, we show that a signal hypothesis based on a large, intermingled set of many different theoretical signal models can be a superior approach to find an unknown BSM signal. Applied to a recent data challenge, we show that “mixture-of-theories training” outperforms strategies that optimize signal regions with a single BSM model as well as most unsupervised strategies. Applications of this work include anomaly detection and the definition of signal regions in the search for signals of new physics.
	Address	[Caron, Sascha; Zhang, Zhongyi] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, High Energy Phys, Heyendaalseweg 135, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands, Email: scaron@nikhef.nl;
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1029-8479	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	WOS:000943095100001			Approved	no
	Is ISI	yes	International Collaboration	yes
	Call Number	IFIC @ pastor @			Serial	5494
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	Author	Caron, S.; Eckner, C.; Hendriks, L.; Johannesson, G.; Ruiz de Austri, R.; Zaharijas, G.
	Title	Mind the gap: the discrepancy between simulation and reality drives interpretations of the Galactic Center Excess			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics	Abbreviated Journal	J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.
	Volume	06	Issue	6	Pages	013 - 56pp
	Keywords	dark matter simulations; gamma ray experiments; Machine learning; millisecond pulsars
	Abstract	The Galactic Center Excess (GCE) in GeV gamma rays has been debated for over a decade, with the possibility that it might be due to dark matter annihilation or undetected point sources such as millisecond pulsars (MSPs). This study investigates how the gamma-ray emission model (-yEM) used in Galactic center analyses affects the interpretation of the GCE's nature. To address this issue, we construct an ultra-fast and powerful inference pipeline based on convolutional Deep Ensemble Networks. We explore the two main competing hypotheses for the GCE using a set of-yEMs with increasing parametric freedom. We calculate the fractional contribution (fsrc) of a dim population of MSPs to the total luminosity of the GCE and analyze its dependence on the complexity of the ryEM. For the simplest ryEM, we obtain fsrc = 0.10 f 0.07, while the most complex model yields fsrc = 0.79 f 0.24. In conclusion, we find that the statement about the nature of the GCE (dark matter or not) strongly depends on the assumed ryEM. The quoted results for fsrc do not account for the additional uncertainty arising from the fact that the observed gamma-ray sky is out-of-distribution concerning the investigated ryEM iterations. We quantify the reality gap between our ryEMs using deep-learning-based One-Class Deep Support Vector Data Description networks, revealing that all employed ryEMs have gaps to reality. Our study casts doubt on the validity of previous conclusions regarding the GCE and dark matter, and underscores the urgent need to account for the reality gap and consider previously overlooked “out of domain” uncertainties in future interpretations.
	Address	[Caron, Sascha; Hendriks, Luc] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Theoret High Energy Phys, Heyendaalseweg 135, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands, Email: scaron@nikhef.nl;
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	IOP Publishing Ltd	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1475-7516	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	WOS:001025516000009			Approved	no
	Is ISI	yes	International Collaboration	yes
	Call Number	IFIC @ pastor @			Serial	5576
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	Author	Jueid, A.; Kip, J.; Ruiz de Austri, R.; Skands, P.
	Title	The Strong Force meets the Dark Sector: a robust estimate of QCD uncertainties for anti-matter dark matter searches			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2024	Publication	Journal of High Energy Physics	Abbreviated Journal	J. High Energy Phys.
	Volume	02	Issue	2	Pages	119 - 48pp
	Keywords	Cosmic Rays; Particle Nature of Dark Matter; Specific QCD Phenomenology
	Abstract	In dark-matter annihilation channels to hadronic final states, stable particles – such as positrons, photons, antiprotons, and antineutrinos – are produced via complex sequences of phenomena including QED/QCD radiation, hadronisation, and hadron decays. These processes are normally modelled by Monte Carlo (MC) event generators whose limited accuracy imply intrinsic QCD uncertainties on the predictions for indirect-detection experiments like Fermi-LAT, Pamela, IceCube or Ams-02. In this article, we perform a comprehensive analysis of QCD uncertainties, meaning both perturbative and nonperturbative sources of uncertainty are included – estimated via variations of MC renormalization-scale and fragmentation-function parameters, respectively – in antimatter spectra from dark-matter annihilation, based on parametric variations of the Pythia 8 event generator. After performing several retunings of light-quark fragmentation functions, we define a set of variations that span a conservative estimate of the QCD uncertainties. We estimate the effects on antimatter spectra for various annihilation channels and final-state particle species, and discuss their impact on fitted values for the dark-matter mass and thermally-averaged annihilation cross section. We find dramatic impacts which can go up to O(10%) for the annihilation cross section. We provide the spectra in tabulated form including QCD uncertainties and code snippets to perform fast dark-matter fits, in this github repository.
	Address	[Jueid, Adil] Inst Basic Sci IBS, Ctr Theoret Phys Universe, Particle Theory & Cosmol Grp, Daejeon 34126, South Korea, Email: adiljueid@ibs.re.kr;
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1029-8479	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	WOS:001165531600003			Approved	no
	Is ISI	yes	International Collaboration	yes
	Call Number	IFIC @ pastor @			Serial	5956
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	Author	Ferrer-Sanchez, A.; Martin-Guerrero, J.; Ruiz de Austri, R.; Torres-Forne, A.; Font, J.A.
	Title	Gradient-annihilated PINNs for solving Riemann problems: Application to relativistic hydrodynamics			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2024	Publication	Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering	Abbreviated Journal	Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng.
	Volume	424	Issue		Pages	116906 - 18pp
	Keywords	Riemann problem; Euler equations; Machine learning; Neural networks; Relativistic hydrodynamics
	Abstract	We present a novel methodology based on Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) for solving systems of partial differential equations admitting discontinuous solutions. Our method, called Gradient-Annihilated PINNs (GA-PINNs), introduces a modified loss function that forces the model to partially ignore high-gradients in the physical variables, achieved by introducing a suitable weighting function. The method relies on a set of hyperparameters that control how gradients are treated in the physical loss. The performance of our methodology is demonstrated by solving Riemann problems in special relativistic hydrodynamics, extending earlier studies with PINNs in the context of the classical Euler equations. The solutions obtained with the GA-PINN model correctly describe the propagation speeds of discontinuities and sharply capture the associated jumps. We use the relative l(2) error to compare our results with the exact solution of special relativistic Riemann problems, used as the reference ''ground truth'', and with the corresponding error obtained with a second-order, central, shock-capturing scheme. In all problems investigated, the accuracy reached by the GA-PINN model is comparable to that obtained with a shock-capturing scheme, achieving a performance superior to that of the baseline PINN algorithm in general. An additional benefit worth stressing is that our PINN-based approach sidesteps the costly recovery of the primitive variables from the state vector of conserved variables, a well-known drawback of grid-based solutions of the relativistic hydrodynamics equations. Due to its inherent generality and its ability to handle steep gradients, the GA-PINN methodology discussed in this paper could be a valuable tool to model relativistic flows in astrophysics and particle physics, characterized by the prevalence of discontinuous solutions.
	Address	[Ferrer-Sanchez, Antonio; Martin-Guerrero, JoseD.] ETSE UV, Elect Engn Dept, IDAL, Avgda Univ S-N, Valencia 46100, Spain, Email: Antonio.Ferrer-Sanchez@uv.es
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Elsevier Science Sa	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0045-7825	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	WOS:001221797400001			Approved	no
	Is ISI	yes	International Collaboration	no
	Call Number	IFIC @ pastor @			Serial	6126
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