Abstract: Understanding the origin and dynamics of hadron structure and in turn that of atomic nuclei is a central goal of nuclear physics. This challenge entails the questions of how does the roughly 1 GeV mass-scale that characterizes atomic nuclei appear; why does it have the observed value; and, enigmatically, why are the composite Nambu-Goldstone (NG) bosons in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) abnormally light in comparison? In this perspective, we provide an analysis of the mass budget of the pion and proton in QCD; discuss the special role of the kaon, which lies near the boundary between dominance of strong and Higgs mass-generation mechanisms; and explain the need for a coherent effort in QCD phenomenology and continuum calculations, in exa-scale computing as provided by lattice QCD, and in experiments to make progress in understanding the origins of hadron masses and the distribution of that mass within them. We compare the unique capabilities foreseen at the electron-ion collider (EIC) with those at the hadron-electron ring accelerator (HERA), the only previous electron-proton collider; and describe five key experimental measurements, enabled by the EIC and aimed at delivering fundamental insights that will generate concrete answers to the questions of how mass and structure arise in the pion and kaon, the Standard Model's NG modes, whose surprisingly low mass is critical to the evolution of our Universe.

Abstract: In view of the recent measurement of the F-D*(L) magnitude in the (B) over bar -> D*(nu) over bar (tau)tau reaction we evaluate this magnitude within the standard model and for a family of models with the gamma(mu) – alpha gamma(mu)gamma(5) current structure for the quarks for different values of a. At the same time we evaluate also the transverse contributions, M = -1, M = +1, and find that the difference between the M = -1 and M = +1 contributions is far more sensitive to changes in a than the longitudinal component. These findings should be looked as an incentive to measure the transverse helicities which are bound to be a far more sensitive magnitude to possible new physics than F-D*(L).

Abstract: fBased on the picture that the f(0)(1370), f(0)(1710), f(2)(1270), f(2)'(1525), (K) over bar (2)*(0) (1430) resonances are dynamically generated from the vector-vector interaction, we study the decays J/psi -> phi(omega) f(0)(1370)[f(0)(1710)], J/psi ->phi(omega) f(2)(1270)[f(2)'(1525)], and J/psi -> K*(0)(K) over bar (2)*(0) (1430) and make predictions for seven independent ratios that can be done among them. The starting mechanism is that the J/psi decays into three vectors, followed by the final state interaction of a pair of them. The weights of the different three vector primary channels are obtained from the basic assumption that the J/psi (c (c) over bar) is an SU(3) singlet. By means of only one free parameter we predict four ratios in fair agreement with experiment, make two extra predictions for rates yet unmeasured, and disagree on one data for which only upper bounds are reported. Further measurements are most welcome to complete the information required for these ratios which test the nature of these resonances as dynamically generated.

Abstract: In this reviewwe will present the results of recent beta-decay studies using the total absorption technique that cover topics of interest for applications, nuclear structure and astrophysics. The decays studied were selected primarily because they have a large impact on the prediction of (a) the decay heat in reactors, important for the safety of present and future reactors and (b) the reactor electron anti-neutrino spectrum, of interest for particle/nuclear physics and reactor monitoring. For these studies the total absorption technique was chosen, since it is the only method that allows one to obtain beta-decay probabilities free from a systematic error called the Pandemonium effect. The total absorption technique is based on the detection of the. cascades that follow the initial beta decay. For this reason the technique requires the use of calorimeters with very high. detection efficiency. The measurements presented and discussed here were performed mainly at the IGISOL facility of the University of Jyvaskyla (Finland) using isotopically pure beams provided by the JYFLTRAP Penning trap. Examples are presented to show that the results of our measurements on selected nuclei have had a large impact on predictions of both the decay heat and the anti-neutrino spectrum from reactors. Some of the cases involve beta-delayed neutron emission thus one can study the competition between gamma – and neutron-emission from states above the neutron separation energy. The gamma-to-neutron emission ratios can be used to constrain neutron capture (n, gamma) cross sections for unstable nuclei of interest in astrophysics. The information obtained from the measurements can also be used to test nuclear model predictions of half-lives and Pn values for decays of interest in astrophysical network calculations. These comparisons also provide insights into aspects of nuclear structure in particular regions of the nuclear chart.

Abstract: We review recent progress in the study of the large N-c limit of gauge theories from lattice simulations. The focus is not only the planar limit but also the size of O(N-c(-1)) corrections for values of N-c greater than or similar to 3. Some concrete examples of the topics we include are tests of large- Nc factorization, the topological susceptibility, the glueball, meson and baryon spectra, the chiral dependence of masses and decay constants, and weak matrix elements related to the Delta I = 1/2 rule in kaon decays.