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Beaulieu, L., Ballester, F., Granero, D., Tedgren, A. C., Haworth, A., Lowenstein, J. R., et al. (2023). AAPM WGDCAB Report 372: A joint AAPM, ESTRO, ABG, and ABS report on commissioning of model-based dose calculation algorithms in brachytherapy. Med. Phys., 50(8), e946–e960.
Abstract: The introduction of model-based dose calculation algorithms (MBDCAs) in brachytherapy provides an opportunity for a more accurate dose calculation and opens the possibility for novel, innovative treatment modalities. The joint AAPM, ESTRO, and ABG Task Group 186 (TG-186) report provided guidance to early adopters. However, the commissioning aspect of these algorithms was described only in general terms with no quantitative goals. This report, from the Working Group on Model-Based Dose Calculation Algorithms in Brachytherapy, introduced a field-tested approach to MBDCA commissioning. It is based on a set of well-characterized test cases for which reference Monte Carlo (MC) and vendor-specific MBDCA dose distributions are available in a Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine-Radiotherapy (DICOM-RT) format to the clinical users. The key elements of the TG-186 commissioning workflow are now described in detail, and quantitative goals are provided. This approach leverages the well-known Brachytherapy Source Registry jointly managed by the AAPM and the Imaging and Radiation Oncology Core (IROC) Houston Quality Assurance Center (with associated links at ESTRO) to provide open access to test cases as well as step-by-step user guides. While the current report is limited to the two most widely commercially available MBDCAs and only for Ir-192-based afterloading brachytherapy at this time, this report establishes a general framework that can easily be extended to other brachytherapy MBDCAs and brachytherapy sources. The AAPM, ESTRO, ABG, and ABS recommend that clinical medical physicists implement the workflow presented in this report to validate both the basic and the advanced dose calculation features of their commercial MBDCAs. Recommendations are also given to vendors to integrate advanced analysis tools into their brachytherapy treatment planning system to facilitate extensive dose comparisons. The use of the test cases for research and educational purposes is further encouraged.
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Sakai, S., Oset, E., & Liang, W. H. (2017). Abnormal isospin violation and a(0) – f(0) mixing in the D-s(+) -> pi(+) pi(0)a(0)(980)(f(0)(980)) reactions. Phys. Rev. D, 96(7), 074025–11pp.
Abstract: We have chosen the reactions D-s(+) -> pi(+) pi(0)a(0)(980)(f(0)(980)) investigating the isospin violating channel D-s(+) -> pi+ pi(0)f(0)(980). The reaction was chosen because by varying the pi(0)a(0)(980)(f(0)(980)) invariant mass one goes through the peak of a triangle singularity emerging from D-s(+) -> pi(K) over bar *K, followed by (K) over bar* -> (K) over bar pi(0) and the further merging of K (K) over bar to produce the a(0)(980) or f(0)(980). We found that the amount of isospin violation had its peak precisely at the value of the pi(0)a(0)(980)(f(0)(980)) invariant mass where the singularity has its maximum, stressing the role of the triangle singularities as a factor to enhance the mixing of the f(0)(980) and a(0)(980) resonances. We calculate absolute rates for the reactions and show that they are within present measurable range. The measurement of these reactions would bring further information into the role of triangle singularities in isospin violation and the a(0) – f(0) mixing, in particular, and shed further light into the nature of the low energy scalar mesons.
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Segarra, A., & Bernabeu, J. (2020). Absolute neutrino mass and the Dirac/Majorana distinction from the weak interaction of aggregate matter. Phys. Rev. D, 101(9), 093004–6pp.
Abstract: The 2 nu-mediated force has a range of microns, well beyond the atomic scale. The effective potential is built from the t-channel absorptive part of the scattering amplitude and depends on neutrino properties on shell. We demonstrate that neutral aggregate matter has a weak charge and calculate the matrix of six coherent charges for its interaction with definite-mass neutrinos. Near the range of the potential the neutrino pair is nonrelativistic, leading to observable absolute mass and Dirac/Majorana distinction via different r-dependence and violation of the weak equivalence principle.
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Centelles Chulia, S., Cepedello, R., & Medina, O. (2022). Absolute neutrino mass scale and dark matter stability from flavour symmetry. J. High Energy Phys., 10(10), 080–23pp.
Abstract: We explore a simple but extremely predictive extension of the scotogenic model. We promote the scotogenic symmetry Z(2) to the flavour non-Abelian symmetry sigma(81), which can also automatically protect dark matter stability. In addition, sigma(81) leads to striking predictions in the lepton sector: only Inverted Ordering is realised, the absolute neutrino mass scale is predicted to be m(lightest)approximate to 7.5x10(-4) eV and the Majorana phases are correlated in such a way that vertical bar m(ee)vertical bar approximate to 0.018 eV. The model also leads to a strong correlation between the solar mixing angle theta(12) and delta(CP), which may be falsified by the next generation of neutrino oscillation experiments. The setup is minimal in the sense that no additional symmetries or flavons are required.
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Pompa, F., Capozzi, F., Mena, O., & Sorel, M. (2022). Absolute nu Mass Measurement with the DUNE Experiment. Phys. Rev. Lett., 129(12), 121802–6pp.
Abstract: Time of flight delay in the supernova neutrino signal offers a unique tool to set model-independent constraints on the absolute neutrino mass. The presence of a sharp time structure during a first emission phase, the so-called neutronization burst in the electron neutrino flavor time distribution, makes this channel a very powerful one. Large liquid argon underground detectors will provide precision measurements of the time dependence of the electron neutrino fluxes. We derive here a new v mass sensitivity attainable at the future DUNE far detector from a future supernova collapse in our galactic neighborhood, finding a sub-eV reach under favorable scenarios. These values are competitive with those expected for laboratory direct neutrino mass searches.
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