Cederwall, B. et al, Algora, A., & Gadea, A. (2011). Evidence for a spin-aligned neutron-proton paired phase from the level structure of Pd-92. Nature, 469(7328), 68–71.
Abstract: Shell structure and magic numbers in atomic nuclei were generally explained by pioneering work(1) that introduced a strong spin-orbit interaction to the nuclear shell model potential. However, knowledge of nuclear forces and the mechanisms governing the structure of nuclei, in particular far from stability, is still incomplete. In nuclei with equal neutron and proton numbers (N = Z), enhanced correlations arise between neutrons and protons (two distinct types of fermions) that occupy orbitals with the same quantum numbers. Such correlations have been predicted to favour an unusual type of nuclear superfluidity, termed isoscalar neutron-proton pairing(2-6), in addition to normal isovector pairing. Despite many experimental efforts, these predictions have not been confirmed. Here we report the experimental observation of excited states in the N = Z = 46 nucleus Pd-92. Gamma rays emitted following the Ni-58(Ar-36,2n)Pd-92 fusion-evaporation reaction were identified using a combination of state-of-the-art high-resolution c-ray, charged-particle and neutron detector systems. Our results reveal evidence for a spin-aligned, isoscalar neutron-proton coupling scheme, different from the previous prediction(2-6). We suggest that this coupling scheme replaces normal superfluidity (characterized by seniority coupling(7,8)) in the ground and low-lying excited states of the heaviest N = Z nuclei. Such strong, isoscalar neutron-proton correlations would have a considerable impact on the nuclear level structure and possibly influence the dynamics of rapid proton capture in stellar nucleosynthesis.
|
BABAR Collaboration(Lees, J. P. et al), Lopez-March, N., Martinez-Vidal, F., & Oyanguren, A. (2011). Evidence for the h(b)(1P) meson in the decay Y(3S) -> pi(0)h(b)(1P). Phys. Rev. D, 84(9), 091101–8pp.
Abstract: Using a sample of 122 x 10(6) Y(3S) events recorded with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e(+)e(-) collider at SLAC, we search for the h(b)(1P) spin-singlet partner of the P-wave X(bJ)(1P) states in the sequential decay Y(3S) -> pi(0)h(b) (1P), hb(1P) -> gamma eta(b)(1S). We observe an excess of events above background in the distribution of the recoil mass against the pi(0) at mass 9902 +/- 4(stat) +/- 2(syst) MeV/c(2). The width of the observed signal is consistent with experimental resolution, and its significance is 3.1 sigma, including systematic uncertainties. We obtain the value (4.3 +/- 1.1(stat) +/- 0.9(syst) x 10(-4) for the product branching fraction B(Y(3S) -> pi(0)h(b)) XB (h(b) -> gamma eta(b))
|
Albertus, C., Hernandez, E., & Nieves, J. (2011). Exclusive c -> s, d semileptonic decays of ground-state spin-1/2 doubly charmed baryons. Phys. Lett. B, 704(5), 499–509.
Abstract: We evaluate exclusive semileptonic decays of ground-state spin-1/2 doubly heavy charmed baryons driven by a c -> s, d transition at the quark level. Our results for the form factors are consistent with heavy quark spin symmetry constraints which are valid in the limit of an infinitely massive charm quark and near zero recoil. Only a few exclusive semileptonic decay channels have been theoretically analyzed before. For those cases we find that our results are in a reasonable agreement with previous calculations.
|
Rodriguez-Alvarez, M. J., Sanchez, F., Soriano, A., Iborra, A., & Mora, C. (2011). Exploiting symmetries for weight matrix design in CT imaging. Math. Comput. Model., 54(7-8), 1655–1664.
Abstract: In this paper we propose several methods of constructing the system matrix (SM) of a Computed Tomography (CT) scanner with two objectives: (1) to construct SMs in the shortest possible time and store them in an ordinary PC without losing quality, (2) to analyze the possible applications of the proposed method to 3D, taking into account SMs' sizes, computing time and reconstructed image quality. In order to build the SM, we propose two new field of view (FOV) pixellation schemes, based on a polar coordinate system (polar grid) by taking advantage of the polar rotation symmetries of CT devices. Comparisons between the SMs proposed are performed using two phantom and a real CT-simulator images. Global error, contrast, noise and homogeneity of the reconstructed images are discussed.
|
Bandos, I. A., de Azcarraga, J. A., & Meliveo, C. (2011). Extended supersymmetry in massless conformal higher spin theory. Nucl. Phys. B, 853(3), 760–776.
Abstract: We propose superfield equations in tensorial N-extended superspaces to describe the N = 2,4,8 supersymmetric generalizations of free conformal higher spin theories. These can be obtained by quantizing a superparticle model in N-extended tensorial superspace. The N-extended higher spin supermultiplets just contain scalar and 'spinor' fields in tensorial space so that, in contrast with the standard (super)space approach, no nontrivial generalizations of the Maxwell or Einstein equations to tensorial space appear when N > 2. For N = 4,8, the higher spin-tensorial components of the extended tensorial superfields are expressed through additional scalar and spinor fields in tensorial space which obey the same free higher spin equations, but that are axion-like in the sense that they possess Peccei-Quinn-like symmetries.
|
