Abstract: We extend our general framework for semileptonic decay, originally introduced in N. Penalva et al. [Phys. Rev. D 100, 113007 (2019)], with the addition of new physics (NP) tensor terms. In this way, all the NP effective Hamiltonians that are considered in lepton flavor universality violation (LFUV) studies have now been included. Those are left and right vector and scalar NP Hamiltonians and the NP tensor one. Besides, we now also give general expressions that allow for complex Wilson coefficients. The scheme developed is totally general and it can be applied to any charged current semileptonic decay, involving any quark flavors or initial and final hadron states. We show that all the hadronic input, including NP effects, can be parametrized in terms of 16 Lorentz scalar structure functions, constructed out of the NP complex Wilson coefficients and the genuine hadronic responses, with the latter determined by the matrix elements of the involved hadron operators. In the second part of this work, we use this formalism to obtain the complete NP effects in the Ab Acr(/ semileptonic decay, where LFUV, if finally confirmed, is also expected to be seen. We- stress the relevance of the center of mass (CM) d2F/ (dwd cos 0i) and laboratory (LAB) d2F/(dwdE,) differential decay widths, with (o the product of the hadron four-velocities, Oe the angle made by the three -momenta of the charged lepton and the final hadron in the 11/- CM frame and the charged lepton energy in the decaying hadron rest frame. While models with very different strengths in the NP terms give the same differential d17 do) and total decay widths for this decay, they predict very different numerical results for some of the cos (.),, and E coefficient -functions that determine the above two distributions. Thus, the combined analysis of the CM d2F1(dcodcos0,,) and LAB d21'/(doidE,.) differential decay widths will help clarifying what kind of NP is a better candidate in order to explain LFUV.

Abstract: Light sub-GeV dark matter (DM) constitutes an underexplored target, beyond the optimized sensitivity of typical direct DM detection experiments. We comprehensively investigate hadrophilic light DM produced from cosmic-ray collisions with the atmosphere. The resulting relativistic DM, originating from meson decays, can be efficiently observed in variety of experiments, such as XENON1T. We include for the first time decays of eta, eta' and K+ mesons, leading to improved limits for DM masses above few hundred MeV. We incorporate an exact treatment of the DM attenuation in Earth and demonstrate that nuclear form factor effects can significantly impact the resulting testable DM parameter space. Further, we establish projections for upcoming experiments, such as DARWIN, over a wide range of DM masses below the GeV scale.

Abstract: A review is presented of the Hall-Post inequalities that give lower-bounds to the ground-state energy of quantum systems in terms of energies of smaller systems. New applications are given for systems experiencing both a static source and inner interactions, as well as for hydrogen-like molecules and for tetraquarks in some quark models. In the latter case, the Hall-Post inequalities constrain the possibility of deeply-bound exotic mesons below the threshold for dissociation into two quark-antiquark mesons. We also emphasize the usefulness of the Hall-Post bounds in terms of 3-body energies when some 2-body subsystems are ill defined or do not support any bound state.

Abstract: The discovery of the TeV point source 2HWC J2006+341 was reported in the second HAWC gamma-ray catalog. We present a follow-up study of this source here. The TeV emission is best described by an extended source with a soft spectrum. At GeV energies, an extended source is significantly detected in Fermi-LAT data. The matching locations, sizes, and spectra suggest that both gamma-ray detections correspond to the same source. Different scenarios for the origin of the emission are considered and we rule out an association to the pulsar PSR J2004+3429 due to extreme energetics required, if located at a distance of 10.8 kpc.

Abstract: Cosmic rays with energies up to a few PeV are known to be accelerated within the Milky Way(1,2). Traditionally, it has been presumed that supernova remnants were the main source of these very-high-energy cosmic rays(3,4), but theoretically it is difficult to accelerate protons to PeV energies(5,6) and observationally there simply is no evidence of the remnants being sources of hadrons with energies above a few tens of TeV7,8. One possible source of protons with those energies is the Galactic Centre region(9). Here, we report observations of 1-100 TeV gamma rays coming from the 'Cygnus Cocoon'(10), which is a superbubble that surrounds a region of massive star formation. These gamma rays are likely produced by 10-1,000 TeV freshly accelerated cosmic rays that originate from the enclosed star-forming region Cyg OB2. Until now it was not known that such regions could accelerate particles to these energies. The measured flux likely originates from hadronic interactions. The spectral shape and the emission profile of the Cocoon changes from GeV to TeV energies, which reveals the transport of cosmic particles and historical activity in the superbubble.