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Rinaldi, M., Scopetta, S., Traini, M., & Vento, V. (2018). A model calculation of double parton distribution functions of the pion. Eur. Phys. J. C, 78(9), 781–9pp.
Abstract: Two-parton correlations in the pion are investigated in terms of double parton distribution functions. A Poincare covariant light-front framework has been adopted. As non perturbative input, the pion wave function obtained within the so-called soft-wall AdS/QCD model has been used. Results show how novel dynamical information on the structure of the pion, not accessible through one-body quantities, are encoded in double parton distribution functions.
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Reig, M., Valle, J. W. F., Vaquera-Araujo, C. A., & Wilczek, F. (2017). A model of comprehensive unification. Phys. Lett. B, 774, 667–670.
Abstract: Comprehensive – that is, gauge and family – unification using spinors has many attractive features, but it has been challenged to explain chirality. Here, by combining an orbifold construction with more traditional ideas, we address that difficulty. Our candidate model features three chiral families and leads to an acceptable result for quantitative unification of couplings. A potential target for accelerator and astronomical searches emerges.
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LHCb Collaboration(Aaij, R. et al), Jaimes Elles, S. J., Jashal, B. K., Martinez-Vidal, F., Oyanguren, A., Rebollo De Miguel, M., et al. (2024). A model-independent measurement of the CKM angle γ in partially reconstructed B±→D∗h± decays with D→K0Sh+h-(h=π,K). J. High Energy Phys., 02(2), 118–30pp.
Abstract: A measurement of CP-violating observables in B-+/-->(DK +/-)-K-& lowast; and B-+/--> D-& lowast;pi(+/-) decays is made where the photon or neutral pion from the D-& lowast;-> D gamma or D-& lowast;-> D pi(0) decay is not reconstructed. The D meson is reconstructed in the self-conjugate decay modes, D -> K-S(0)pi(+)pi(-) or D ->(KSK+K-)-K-0. The distribution of signal yields in the D decay phase space is analysed in a model-independent way. The measurement uses a data sample collected in proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of approximately 9 fb(-1). The B-+/-->(DK +/-)-K-& lowast; and B-+/--> D-& lowast;pi(+/-) CP-violating observables are interpreted in terms of hadronic parameters and the CKM angle gamma, resulting in a measurement of gamma=(92(-17)(+21))degrees. The total uncertainty includes the statistical and systematic uncertainties, and the uncertainty due to external strong-phase inputs.
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Valdes-Cortez, C., Niatsetski, Y., Perez-Calatayud, J., Ballester, F., & Vijande, J. (2022). A Monte Carlo study of the relative biological effectiveness in surface brachytherapy. Med. Phys., 49, 5576–5588.
Abstract: Purpose This work aims to simulate clustered DNA damage from ionizing radiation and estimate the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for radionuclide (rBT)- and electronic (eBT)-based surface brachytherapy through a hybrid Monte Carlo (MC) approach, using realistic models of the sources and applicators. Methods Damage from ionizing radiation has been studied using the Monte Carlo Damage Simulation algorithm using as input the primary electron fluence simulated using a state-of-the-art MC code, PENELOPE-2018. Two Ir-192 rBT applicators, Valencia and Leipzig, one Co-60 source with a Freiburg Flap applicator (reference source), and two eBT systems, Esteya and INTRABEAM, have been included in this study implementing full realizations of their geometries as disclosed by the manufacturer. The role played by filtration and tube kilovoltage has also been addressed. Results For rBT, an RBE value of about 1.01 has been found for the applicators and phantoms considered. In the case of eBT, RBE values for the Esteya system show an almost constant RBE value of about 1.06 for all depths and materials. For INTRABEAM, variations in the range of 1.12-1.06 are reported depending on phantom composition and depth. Modifications in the Esteya system, filtration, and tube kilovoltage give rise to variations in the same range. Conclusions Current clinical practice does not incorporate biological effects in surface brachytherapy. Therefore, the same absorbed dose is administered to the patients independently on the particularities of the rBT or eBT system considered. The almost constant RBE values reported for rBT support that assumption regardless of the details of the patient geometry, the presence of a flattening filter in the applicator design, or even significant modifications in the photon energy spectra above 300 keV. That is not the case for eBT, where a clear dependence on the eBT system and the characteristics of the patient geometry are reported. A complete study specific for each eBT system, including detailed applicator characteristics (size, shape, filtering, among others) and common anatomical locations, should be performed before adopting an existing RBE value.
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Keivani, A., Murase, K., Petropoulou, M., Fox, D. B., Cenko, S. B., Chaty, S., et al. (2018). A Multimessenger Picture of the Flaring Blazar TXS 0506+056: Implications for High-energy Neutrino Emission and Cosmic-Ray Acceleration. Astrophys. J., 864(1), 84–16pp.
Abstract: Detection of the IceCube-170922A neutrino coincident with the flaring blazar TXS 0506+056, the first and only similar to 3 sigma high-energy neutrino source association to date, offers a potential breakthrough in our understanding of high-energy cosmic particles and blazar physics. We present a comprehensive analysis of TXS. 0506+056 during its flaring state, using newly collected Swift, NuSTAR, and X-shooter data with Fermi observations and numerical models to constrain the blazar's particle acceleration processes and multimessenger (electromagnetic (EM) and high-energy neutrino) emissions. Accounting properly for EM cascades in the emission region, we find a physically consistent picture only within a hybrid leptonic scenario, with gamma-rays produced by external inverse-Compton processes and high-energy neutrinos via a radiatively subdominant hadronic component. We derive robust constraints on the blazar's neutrino and cosmic-ray emissions and demonstrate that, because of cascade effects, the 0.1-100 keV emissions of TXS. 0506+056 serve as a better probe of its hadronic acceleration and highenergy neutrino production processes than its GeV-TeV emissions. If the IceCube neutrino association holds, physical conditions in the TXS. 0506+056 jet must be close to optimal for high-energy neutrino production, and are not favorable for ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray acceleration. Alternatively, the challenges we identify in generating a significant rate of IceCube neutrino detections from TXS. 0506+056 may disfavor single-zone models, in which.-rays and high-energy neutrinos are produced in a single emission region. In concert with continued operations of the high-energy neutrino observatories, we advocate regular X-ray monitoring of TXS. 0506+056 and other blazars in order to test single-zone blazar emission models, clarify the nature and extent of their hadronic acceleration processes, and carry out the most sensitive possible search for additional multimessenger sources.
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Real, D., Calvo, D., Diaz, A., Salesa Greus, F., & Sanchez Losa, A. (2022). A Narrow Optical Pulse Emitter Based on LED: NOPELED. Sensors, 22(19), 7683–15pp.
Abstract: Light sources emitting short pulses are needed in many particle physics experiments using optical sensors as they can replicate the light produced by the particles being detected and are also an important calibration and test element. This work presents NOPELED, a light source based on LEDs emitting short optical pulses with typical rise times of less than 3 ns and Full Width at Half Maximum lower than 7 ns. The emission wavelength depends on the model of LED used. Several LED models have been characterized in the range from 405 to 532 nm, although NOPELED can work with LED emitting wavelengths outside of that region. While the wavelength is fixed for a given LED model, the intensity and the frequency of the optical pulse can be controlled. NOPELED, which also has low cost and simple operation, can be operated remotely, making it appropriate for either different physics experiments needing in-place light sources such as astrophysical neutrino detectors using photo-multipliers or positron emission tomography devices using scintillation counters, or, beyond physics, applications needing short pulses of light such as protein fluorescence or chemodetection of heavy metals.
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Hernandez, P., Pena, C., Ramos, A., & Gomez-Cadenas, J. J. (2021). A new formulation of compartmental epidemic modelling for arbitrary distributions of incubation and removal times. PLoS One, 16(2), e0244107–22pp.
Abstract: The paradigm for compartment models in epidemiology assumes exponentially distributed incubation and removal times, which is not realistic in actual populations. Commonly used variations with multiple exponentially distributed variables are more flexible, yet do not allow for arbitrary distributions. We present a new formulation, focussing on the SEIR concept that allows to include general distributions of incubation and removal times. We compare the solution to two types of agent-based model simulations, a spatially homogeneous one where infection occurs by proximity, and a model on a scale-free network with varying clustering properties, where the infection between any two agents occurs via their link if it exists. We find good agreement in both cases. Furthermore a family of asymptotic solutions of the equations is found in terms of a logistic curve, which after a non-universal time shift, fits extremely well all the microdynamical simulations. The formulation allows for a simple numerical approach; software in Julia and Python is provided.
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Perez Adan, D., Bahl, H., Grohsjean, A., Martin Lozano, V., Schwanenberger, C., & Weiglein, G. (2023). A new LHC search for dark matter produced via heavy Higgs bosons using simplified models. J. High Energy Phys., 08(8), 151–27pp.
Abstract: Searches for dark matter produced via scalar resonances in final states consisting of Standard Model (SM) particles and missing transverse momentum are of high relevance at the LHC. Motivated by dark-matter portal models, most existing searches are optimized for unbalanced decay topologies for which the missing momentum recoils against the visible SM particles. In this work, we show that existing searches are also sensitive to a wider class of models, which we characterize by a recently presented simplified model framework. We point out that searches for models with a balanced decay topology can be further improved with more dedicated analysis strategies. For this study, we investigate the feasibility of a new search for bottom-quark associated neutral Higgs production with a b (b) over barZ + p(T)(miss) final state and perform a detailed collider analysis. Our projected results in the different simplified model topologies investigated here can be easily reinterpreted in a wide range of models of physics beyond the SM, which we explicitly demonstrate for the example of the Two-Higgs-Doublet model with an additional pseudoscalar Higgs boson.
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Feijoo, A., Wang, W. F., Xiao, C. W., Wu, J. J., Oset, E., Nieves, J., et al. (2023). A new look at the P-cs states from a molecular perspective. Phys. Lett. B, 839, 137760–7pp.
Abstract: We have a look at the P-cs states generated from the interaction of (D) over bar(*)Xi(c)('*) coupled channels. We consider the blocks of pseudoscalar-baryon (1/2(+) , 3/2(+)) and vector-baryon (1/2(+), 3/2(+)), and find 10 resonant states coupling mostly to (D) over bar Xi(c), <(D)*over bar>*Xi(c), (D) over bar Xi(c)' <(DA novel aspect of the work is the realization that the <(Dover bar>Xi(c), (Dover bar>(s) Lambda(c) or (Dover bar>*Xi(c), D-s*Lambda(c) channels, with a strong transition potential, collaborate to produce a larger attraction than the corresponding states <(Dover bar>Xi(c), <(Dover bar>Lambda(c) or (D) over bar*Xi(c), (D) over bar*Lambda(c) appearing in the generation of the strangenessless P-c states, since in the latter case the transition potential between those channels is zero. The extra attraction obtained in the (D) over bar Xi(c), (D) over bar* Xi(c) pairs preclude the association of the P-cs(4338) state coupling mostly to (D) over bar*Xi(c) while the P-cs(4459) is associated to the state found that couples mostly to (D) over bar Xi(c)'. Four more states appear, like in other molecular pictures, and some of the states are degenerate in spin. Counting different spin states we find 10states, which we hope can be observed in the near future.
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Giachino, A., van Hameren, A., & Ziarko, G. (2024). A new subtraction scheme at NLO exploiting the privilege of k<sub>T</sub>-factorization. J. High Energy Phys., 06(6), 167–39pp.
Abstract: We present a subtraction method for the calculation of real-radiation integrals at NLO in hybrid k(T)-factorization. The main difference with existing methods for collinear factorization is that we subtract the momentum recoil, occurring due to the mapping from an (n + 1)-particle phase space to an n-particle phase space, from the initial-state momenta, instead of distributing it over the final-state momenta.
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