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Beltran Jimenez, J., Heisenberg, L., Olmo, G. J., & Rubiera-Garcia, D. (2018). Born-Infeld inspired modifications of gravity. Phys. Rep., 727, 1–129.
Abstract: General Relativity has shown an outstanding observational success in the scales where it has been directly tested. However, modifications have been intensively explored in the regimes where it seems either incomplete or signals its own limit of validity. In particular, the breakdown of unitarity near the Planck scale strongly suggests that General Relativity needs to be modified at high energies and quantum gravity effects are expected to be important. This is related to the existence of spacetime singularities when the solutions of General Relativity are extrapolated to regimes where curvatures are large. In this sense, Born-Infeld inspired modifications of gravity have shown an extraordinary ability to regularise the gravitational dynamics, leading to non-singular cosmologies and regular black hole spacetimes in a very robust manner and without resorting to quantum gravity effects. This has boosted the interest in these theories in applications to stellar structure, compact objects, inflationary scenarios, cosmological singularities, and black hole and wormhole physics, among others. We review the motivations, various formulations, and main results achieved within these theories, including their observational viability, and provide an overview of current open problems and future research opportunities.
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LHCb Collaboration(Aaij, R. et al), Garcia Martin, L. M., Henry, L., Martinez-Vidal, F., Oyanguren, A., Remon Alepuz, C., et al. (2017). Bose-Einstein correlations of same-sign charged pions in the forward region in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV. J. High Energy Phys., 12(12), 025–22pp.
Abstract: Bose-Einstein correlations of same-sign charged pions, produced in proton-proton collisions at a 7TeV centre-of-mass energy, are studied using a data sample collected by the LHCb experiment. The signature for Bose-Einstein correlations is observed in the form of an enhancement of pairs of like-sign charged pions with small four-momentum difference squared. The charged-particle multiplicity dependence of the Bose-Einstein correlation parameters describing the correlation strength and the size of the emitting source is investigated, determining both the correlation radius and the chaoticity parameter. The measured correlation radius is found to increase as a function of increasing charged-particle multiplicity, while the chaoticity parameter is seen to decrease.
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Maso-Ferrando, A., Sanchis-Gual, N., Font, J. A., & Olmo, G. J. (2021). Boson stars in Palatini f(R) gravity. Class. Quantum Gravity, 38(19), 194003–25pp.
Abstract: We explore equilibrium solutions of spherically symmetric boson stars in the Palatini formulation of f (R) gravity. We account for the modifications introduced in the gravitational sector by using a recently established correspondence between modified gravity with scalar matter and general relativity with modified scalar matter. We focus on the quadratic theory f (R) = R + xi R-2 and compare its solutions with those found in general relativity, exploring both positive and negative values of the coupling parameter xi. As matter source, a complex, massive scalar field with and without self-interaction terms is considered. Our results show that the existence curves of boson stars in Palatini f (R) gravity are fairly similar to those found in general relativity. Major differences are observed for negative values of the coupling parameter which results in a repulsive gravitational component for high enough scalar field density distributions. Adding self-interactions makes the degeneracy between f (R) and general relativity even more pronounced, leaving very little room for observational discrimination between the two theories.
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Camarero, D., de Azcarraga, J. A., & Izquierdo, J. M. (2017). Bosonic D=11 supergravity from a generalized Chern-Simons action. Nucl. Phys. B, 923, 633–652.
Abstract: It is shown that the action of the bosonic sector of D= 11supergravity may be obtained by means of a suitable scaling of the originally dimensionless fields of a generalized Chern-Simons action. This follows from the eleven-form CS-potential of the most general linear combination of closed, gauge invariant twelve-forms involving the sp(32)-valued two-form curvatures supplemented by a three-form field. In this construction, the role of the skewsymmetric four-index auxiliary function needed for the first order formulation of D= 11supergravity is played by the gauge field associated with the five Lorentz indices generator of the bosonic sp(32) subalgebra of osp(1|32).
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Sun, Z. F., Xie, J. J., & Oset, E. (2018). Bottom strange molecules with isospin 0. Phys. Rev. D, 97(9), 094031–9pp.
Abstract: Using the local hidden gauge approach, we study the possibility of the existence of bottom strange molecular states with isospin 0. We find three bound states with spin parity 0(+), 1(+), and 2(+) generated by the (K) over bar *B* and omega B-s(*) interaction, among which the state with spin 2 can be identified as B(s2)(*()5840). In addition, we also study the (K) over bar *B* and omega B-s(*) interaction and find a bound state which can be associated to B-s1(5830). In addition, the (K) over barB*, eta B-s(*)(K) over barB, and eta B-s systems are studied, and two bound states are predicted. We expect that further experiments can confirm our predictions.
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Bodenstein, S., Bordes, J., Dominguez, C. A., Peñarrocha, J., & Schilcher, K. (2012). Bottom-quark mass from finite energy QCD sum rules. Phys. Rev. D, 85(3), 034003–5pp.
Abstract: Finite energy QCD sum rules involving both inverse-and positive-moment integration kernels are employed to determine the bottom-quark mass. The result obtained in the (MS) over bar scheme at a reference scale of 10 GeV is m (m) over bar (b)(10 GeV) = 3623(9) MeV. This value translates into a scale-invariant mass (m) over bar (b)((m) over bar (b)) = 4171(9) MeV. This result has the lowest total uncertainty of any method, and is less sensitive to a number of systematic uncertainties that affect other QCD sum rule determinations.
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Pich, A., Rosell, I., & Sanz-Cillero, J. J. (2020). Bottom-up approach within the electroweak effective theory: Constraining heavy resonances. Phys. Rev. D, 102(3), 035012–12pp.
Abstract: The LHC has confirmed the existence of a mass gap between the known particles and possible new states. Effective field theory is then the appropriate tool to search for low-energy signals of physics beyond the Standard Model. We adopt the general formalism of the electroweak effective theory, with a nonlinear realization of the electroweak symmetry breaking, where the Higgs is a singlet with independent couplings. At higher energies we consider a generic resonance Lagrangian which follows the above-mentioned nonlinear realization and couples the light particles to bosonic heavy resonances with J(P) = 0(+/-) and J(P) = 1(+/-). Integrating out the resonances and assuming a proper short-distance behavior, it is possible to determine or to constrain most of the bosonic low-energy constants in terms of resonance masses. Therefore, the current experimental bounds on these bosonic low-energy constants allow us to constrain the resonance masses above the TeV scale, by following a typical bottom-up approach, i.e., the fit of the low-energy constants to precise experimental data enables us to learn about the high-energy scales, the underlying theory behind the Standard Model.
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Reig, M., Restrepo, D., Valle, J. W. F., & Zapata, O. (2018). Bound-state dark matter and Dirac neutrino masses. Phys. Rev. D, 97(11), 115032–5pp.
Abstract: We propose a simple theory for the idea that cosmological dark matter (DM) may be present today mainly in the form of stable neutral hadronic thermal relics. In our model, neutrino masses arise radiatively from the exchange of colored DM constituents, giving a common origin for both dark matter and neutrino mass. The exact conservation of B – L symmetry ensures dark matter stability and the Dirac nature of neutrinos. The theory can be falsified by dark matter nuclear recoil direct detection experiments, leading also to possible signals at a next generation hadron collider.
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Reig, M., Restrepo, D., Valle, J. W. F., & Zapata, O. (2019). Bound-state dark matter with Majorana neutrinos. Phys. Lett. B, 790, 303–307.
Abstract: We propose a simple scenario in which dark matter (DM) emerges as a stable neutral hadronic thermal relic, its stability following from an exact U(1)(D) symmetry. Neutrinos pick up radiatively induced Majorana masses from the exchange of colored DM constituents. There is a common origin for both dark matter and neutrino mass, with a lower bound for neutrinoless double beta decay. Direct DM searches at nuclear recoil experiments will test the proposal, which may also lead to other phenomenological signals at future hadron collider and lepton flavor violation experiments.
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Nebot, M. (2020). Bounded masses in two Higgs doublets models, spontaneous CP violation and Z(2) symmetry. Phys. Rev. D, 102(11), 115002–16pp.
Abstract: In two Higgs doublet models (2HDMs) shaped by some unbroken symmetry, imposing perturbativity requirements on the quartic couplings can imply that the allowed masses of all the fundamental scalars are bounded from above. This important property is analyzed in detail for the only two realistic 2HDMs with an exact symmetry, the case with Z(2) symmetry and the case with CP symmetry. It is also noticeable that one exception arises in each case: when the vacuum is assumed to respect the imposed symmetry, a decoupling regime can nevertheless appear without violating perturbativity requirements. In both models with an exact symmetry and no decoupling regime, soft symmetry breaking terms can however lead to a decoupling regime: the possibility that this regime might be unnatural, since it requires some fine-tuning, is also analyzed.
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