O'Hare, C. A. J., Caputo, A., Millar, A. J., & Vitagliano, E. (2020). Axion helioscopes as solar magnetometers. Phys. Rev. D, 102(4), 043019–19pp.
Abstract: Axion helioscopes search for solar axions and axionlike particles via inverse Primakoff conversion in strong laboratory magnets pointed at the Sun. Anticipating the detection of solar axions, we determine the potential for the planned next-generation helioscope, the International Axion Observatory (IAXO), to measure or constrain the solar magnetic field. To do this we consider a previously neglected component of the solar axion flux at sub-keV energies arising from the conversion of longitudinal plasmons. This flux is sensitively dependent to the magnetic field profile of the Sun, with lower energies corresponding to axions converting into photons at larger solar radii. If the detector technology eventually installed in IAXO has an energy resolution better than 200 eV, then solar axions could become an even more powerful messenger than neutrinos of the magnetic field in the core of the Sun. For energy resolutions better than 10 eV, IAXO could access the inner 70% of the Sun and begin to constrain the field at the tachocline: the boundary between the radiative and convective zones. The longitudinal plasmon flux from a toroidal magnetic field also has an additional 2% geometric modulation effect which could be used to measure the angular dependence of the magnetic field.
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Batra, A., Camara, H. B., Joaquim, F. R., Srivastava, R., & Valle, J. W. F. (2024). Axion Paradigm with Color-Mediated Neutrino Masses. Phys. Rev. Lett., 132(5), 051801–7pp.
Abstract: We propose a generalized Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov-type axion framework in which colored fermions and scalars act as two -loop Majorana neutrino -mass mediators. The global Peccei-Quinn symmetry under which exotic fermions are charged solves the strong CP problem. Within our general proposal, various setups can be distinguished by probing the axion-to-photon coupling at helioscopes and haloscopes. We also comment on axion dark -matter production in the early Universe.
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Sierra, D. A., De Romeri, V., Flores, L. J., & Papoulias, D. K. (2021). Axionlike particles searches in reactor experiments. J. High Energy Phys., 03(3), 294–38pp.
Abstract: Reactor neutrino experiments provide a rich environment for the study of axionlike particles (ALPs). Using the intense photon flux produced in the nuclear reactor core, these experiments have the potential to probe ALPs with masses below 10MeV. We explore the feasibility of these searches by considering ALPs produced through Primakoff and Compton-like processes as well as nuclear transitions. These particles can subsequently interact with the material of a nearby detector via inverse Primakoff and inverse Compton-like scatterings, via axio-electric absorption, or they can decay into photon or electron-positron pairs. We demonstrate that reactor-based neutrino experiments have a high potential to test ALP-photon couplings and masses, currently probed only by cosmological and astrophysical observations, thus providing complementary laboratory-based searches. We furthermore show how reactor facilities will be able to test previously unexplored regions in the similar to MeV ALP mass range and ALP-electron couplings of the order of gaee similar to 10(-8) as well as ALP-nucleon couplings of the order of g (1) ann similar to 10(-9), testing regions beyond TEXONO and Borexino limits.
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Brandao, P. C. S., Song, J., Abreu, L. M., & Oset, E. (2023). B+ decay to K+ ηη with (ηη) from the D bar-D(3720) bound state. Phys. Rev. D, 108(5), 054004–6pp.
Abstract: We search for a B decay mode where one can find a peak for a DD bound state predicted in effective theories and in lattice QCD calculations, which has also been claimed from some reactions that show an accumulated strength in D D over bar production at threshold. We find a good candidate in the B+-> K+eta eta reaction, by looking at the eta eta mass distribution. The reaction proceeds via a first step in which one has the B+-> D*+ D-0 reaction followed by D*(+) (s) decay to (DK+)-K-0 and a posterior fusion of D-0 over bar D-0 to eta eta, implemented through a triangle diagram that allows the D-0 over bar D-0 to be virtual and to produce the bound state. The choice of eta eta to see the peak is based on results of calculations that find the eta eta among the light pseudoscalar channels with stronger coupling to the D D over bar bound state. We find a neat peak around the predicted mass of that state in the eta eta mass distribution, with an integrated branching ratio for B+-> K+ (D D, bound); (D D, bound) -> eta eta of the order of 1.5 x 10(-4), a large number for hadronic B decays, which should motivate its experimental search.
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Bernabeu, J., Botella, F. J., Nebot, M., & Segarra, A. (2022). B-0 – (B)over-bar(0) entanglement for an ideal experiment for the direct CP violation phi(3)/gamma phase. Phys. Rev. D, 106(5), 054026–7pp.
Abstract: B-0-(B) over bar0 entanglement offers a conceptual alternative to the single charged B-decay asymmetry for the measurement of the direct CP-violating gamma/phi(3) phase. With f = J/Psi(L); J/Psi K-S and g = (pi pi)(0); (rho(L)rho(L))(0), the 16 time-ordered double-decay rate intensities to (f, g) depend on the relative phase between the f- and g-decay amplitudes given by gamma at tree level. Several constraining consistencies appear. An intrinsic accuracy of the method at the level of +/- 1 degrees could be achievable at Belle-II with an improved determination of the penguin amplitude to g channels from existing facilities.
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Belle II Collaboration(Abudinen, F. et al), & Marinas, C. (2022). B-flavor tagging at Belle II. Eur. Phys. J. C, 82(4), 283–29pp.
Abstract: We report on new flavor tagging algorithms developed to determine the quark-flavor content of bottom (B) mesons at Belle II. The algorithms provide essential inputs for measurements of quark-flavor mixing and charge-parity violation. We validate and evaluate the performance of the algorithms using hadronic B decays with flavor-specific final states reconstructed in a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 62.8 fb(-1), collected at the gamma(4S) resonance with the Belle II detector at the SuperKEKB collider. We measure the total effective tagging efficiency to be epsilon(eff) = (30.0 +/- 1.2(stat) +/- 0.4(syst))% for a category-based algorithm and epsilon(eff) = (28.8 +/- 1.2(stat) +/- 0.4(syst))% for a deep-learning-based algorithm.
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Liang, W. H., Ban, T., & Oset, E. (2024). B0 → K(*)0X, B- K(*) -X, Bs-η(η1;φ)X from the X(3872) molecular perspective. Phys. Rev. D, 109(5), 054030–9pp.
Abstract: We study the decays B over bar 0 – over bar K0X, B- – K-X, B over bar 0s – eta(eta 1)X, B over bar 0 – over bar K*0X, B- – K*-X, B over bar 0s – phi X, with X equivalent to X(3872), from the perspective of the X(3872) being a molecular state made from the interaction of the D*+D-; D*0 over bar D0, and c:c: components. We consider both the external and internal emission decay mechanisms and find an explanation for the over bar K0X and K-X production rates, based on the mass difference of the charged and neutral D*D over bar components. We also find that the internal and external emission mechanisms add constructively in the B over bar 0 – over bar K0X, B- – K-X reactions, while they add destructively in the case of widths of the present measurements and allows us to make predictions for the unmeasured modes of B over bar 0s – eta(eta 1)X(3872) and B- – K*-X(3872). The future measurement of these decay modes will help us get a better perspective on the nature of the X(3872) and the mechanisms present in production reactions of that state. B over bar 0 – over bar K*0X, B- – K*-X reactions. This feature explains the decay
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Elor, G., Escudero, M., & Nelson, A. E. (2019). Baryogenesis and dark matter from B mesons. Phys. Rev. D, 99(3), 035031–18pp.
Abstract: We present a new mechanism of baryogenesis and dark matter production in which both the dark matter relic abundance and the baryon asymmetry arise from neutral B meson oscillations and subsequent decays. This setup is testable at hadron colliders and B factories. In the early universe, decays of a long lived particle produce B mesons and antimesons out of thermal equilibrium. These mesons/antimesons then undergo CP violating oscillations before quickly decaying into visible and dark sector particles. Dark matter will be charged under the baryon number so that the visible sector baryon asymmetry is produced without violating the total baryon number of the Universe. The produced baryon asymmetry will be directly related to the leptonic charge asymmetry in neutral B decays: an experimental observable. Dark matter is stabilized by an unbroken discrete symmetry, and proton decay is simply evaded by kinematics. We will illustrate this mechanism with a model that is unconstrained by dinucleon decay, does not require a high reheat temperature, and would have unique experimental signals-a positive leptonic asymmetry in B meson decays, a new decay of B mesons into a baryon and missing energy, and a new decay of b-flavored baryons into mesons and missing energy. These three observables are testable at current and upcoming collider experiments, allowing for a distinct probe of this mechanism.
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Easa, H., Gregoire, T., Stolarski, D., & Cosme, C. (2024). Baryogenesis and dark matter in multiple hidden sectors. Phys. Rev. D, 109(7), 075003–29pp.
Abstract: We explore a mechanism for producing the baryon asymmetry and dark matter in models with multiple hidden sectors that are Standard -Model -like but with varying Higgs mass parameters. If the field responsible for reheating the Standard Model and the exotic sectors carries an asymmetry, it can be converted into a baryon asymmetry using the standard sphaleron process. A hidden sector with positive Higgs mass squared can accommodate dark matter with its baryon asymmetry, and the larger abundance of dark matter relative to baryons is due to dark sphalerons being active all the way down the hidden sector QCD scale. This scenario predicts that dark matter is clustered in large dark nuclei and gives a lower bound on the effective relativistic degrees of freedom, Delta N eff greater than or similar to 0 .05 , which may be observable in the nextgeneration cosmic microwave background experiment CMB-S4.
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Fuster-Martinez, N., Assmann, R. W., Bruce, R., Giovannozzi, M., Hermes, P., Mereghetti, A., et al. (2022). Beam-based aperture measurements with movable collimator jaws as performance booster of the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Eur. Phys. J. Plus, 137(3), 305–20pp.
Abstract: The beam aperture of a particle accelerator defines the clearance available for the circulating beams and is a parameter of paramount importance for the accelerator performance. At the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the knowledge and control of the available aperture is crucial because the nominal proton beams carry an energy of 362 MJ stored in a superconducting environment. Even a tiny fraction of beam losses could quench the superconducting magnets or cause severe material damage. Furthermore, in a circular collider, the performance in terms of peak luminosity depends to a large extent on the aperture of the inner triplet quadrupoles, which are used to focus the beams at the interaction points. In the LHC, this aperture represents the smallest aperture at top-energy with squeezed beams and determines the maximum potential reach of the peak luminosity. Beam-based aperture measurements in these conditions are difficult and challenging. In this paper, we present different methods that have been developed over the years for precise beam-based aperture measurements in the LHC, highlighting applications and results that contributed to boost the operational LHC performance in Run 1 (2010-2013) and Run 2 (2015-2018)
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