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ATLAS Tile Calorimeter Community(Abdallah, J. et al), Castillo Gimenez, V., Costelo, J., Ferrer, A., Fullana, E., Gonzalez, V., et al. (2013). The optical instrumentation of the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter. J. Instrum., 8, P01005–21pp.
Abstract: The Tile Calorimeter, covering the central region of the ATLAS experiment up to pseudorapidities of +/-1.7, is a sampling device built with scintillating tiles that alternate with iron plates. The light is collected in wave-length shifting (WLS) fibers and is read out with photomultipliers. In the characteristic geometry of this calorimeter the tiles lie in planes perpendicular to the beams, resulting in a very simple and modular mechanical and optical layout. This paper focuses on the procedures applied in the optical instrumentation of the calorimeter, which involved the assembly of about 460,000 scintillator tiles and 550,000 WLS fibers. The outcome is a hadronic calorimeter that meets the ATLAS performance requirements, as shown in this paper.
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Valero, A., Castillo Gimenez, V., Ferrer, A., Gonzalez, V., Hernandez Jimenez, Y., Higon-Rodriguez, E., et al. (2011). The ATLAS tile calorimeter ROD injector and multiplexer board. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, 629(1), 74–79.
Abstract: The ATLAS Tile Calorimeter is a sampling detector composed by cells made of iron-scintillator tiles. The calorimeter cell signals are digitized in the front-end electronics and transmitted to the Read-Out Drivers (RODs) at the first level trigger rate. The ROD receives triggered data from up to 9856 channels and provides the energy, phase and quality factor of the signals to the second level trigger. The back-end electronics is divided into four partitions containing eight RODs each. Therefore, a total of 32 RODs are used to process and transmit the data of the TileCal detector. In order to emulate the detector signals in the production and commissioning of ROD modules a board called ROD Injector and Multiplexer Board (RIMBO) was designed. In this paper, the RIMBO main functional blocks, PCB design and the different operation modes are described. It is described the crucial role of the board within the TileCal ROD test-bench in order to emulate the front-end electronics during the validation of ROD boards as well as during the evaluation of the ROD signal reconstruction algorithms. Finally, qualification and performance results for the injection operation mode obtained during the Tile Calorimeter ROD production tests are presented.
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ATLAS Collaboration(Abat, E. et al), Castillo Gimenez, V., Ferrer, A., Gonzalez, V., Higon-Rodriguez, E., Mitsou, V. A., et al. (2010). Study of energy response and resolution of the ATLAS barrel calorimeter to hadrons of energies from 20 to 350 GeV. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, 621(1-3), 134–150.
Abstract: A fully instrumented slice of the ATLAS detector was exposed to test beams from the SPS (Super Proton Synchrotron) at CERN in 2004. In this paper, the results of the measurements of the response of the barrel calorimeter to hadrons with energies in the range 20-350 GeV and beam impact points and angles corresponding to pseudo-rapidity values in the range 0.2-0.65 are reported. The results are compared to the predictions of a simulation program using the Geant 4 toolkit.
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Barrientos, D., Bellato, M., Bazzacco, D., Bortolato, D., Cocconi, P., Gadea, A., et al. (2015). Performance of the Fully Digital FPGA-Based Front-End Electronics for the GALILEO Array. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., 62(6), 3134–3139.
Abstract: In this work we present the architecture and results of a fully digital Front End Electronics (FEE) read out system developed for the GALILEO array. The FEE system, developed in collaboration with the Advanced Gamma Tracking Array (AGATA) collaboration, is composed of three main blocks: preamplifiers, digitizers and preprocessing electronics. The slow control system contains a custom Linux driver, a dynamic library and a server implementing network services. This work presents the first results of the digital FEE system coupled with a GALILEO germanium detector, which has demonstrated the capability to achieve an energy resolution of 1.53% at an energy of 1.33 MeV, similar to the one obtained with a conventional analog system. While keeping a good performance in terms of energy resolution, digital electronics will allow to instrument the full GALILEO array with a versatile system with high integration and low power consumption and costs.
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Carrio, F., Castillo Gimenez, V., Ferrer, A., Gonzalez, V., Higon-Rodriguez, E., Marin, C., et al. (2011). Optical Link Card Design for the Phase II Upgrade of TileCal Experiment. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., 58(4), 1657–1663.
Abstract: This paper presents the design of an optical link card developed in the frame of the R&D activities for the phase 2 upgrade of the TileCal experiment. This board, that is part of the evaluation of different technologies for the final choice in the next years, is designed as a mezzanine that can work independently or be plugged in the optical multiplexer board of the TileCal backend electronics. It includes two SNAP 12 optical connectors able to transmit and receive up to 75 Gb/s and one SFP optical connector for lower speeds and compatibility with existing hardware as the read out driver. All processing is done in a Stratix II GX field-programmable gate array (FPGA). Details are given on the hardware design, including signal and power integrity analysis, needed when working with these high data rates and on firmware development to obtain the best performance of the FPGA signal transceivers and for the use of the GBT protocol.
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