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Author |
Lerendegui-Marco, J.; Balibrea-Correa, J.; Babiano-Suarez, V.; Ladarescu, I.; Domingo-Pardo, C. |
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Title  |
Towards machine learning aided real-time range imaging in proton therapy |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Rep |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
2735 - 17pp |
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Abstract |
Compton imaging represents a promising technique for range verification in proton therapy treatments. In this work, we report on the advantageous aspects of the i-TED detector for proton-range monitoring, based on the results of the first Monte Carlo study of its applicability to this field. i-TED is an array of Compton cameras, that have been specifically designed for neutron-capture nuclear physics experiments, which are characterized by gamma-ray energies spanning up to 5-6 MeV, rather low gamma-ray emission yields and very intense neutron induced gamma-ray backgrounds. Our developments to cope with these three aspects are concomitant with those required in the field of hadron therapy, especially in terms of high efficiency for real-time monitoring, low sensitivity to neutron backgrounds and reliable performance at the high gamma-ray energies. We find that signal-to-background ratios can be appreciably improved with i-TED thanks to its light-weight design and the low neutron-capture cross sections of its LaCl3 crystals, when compared to other similar systems based on LYSO, CdZnTe or LaBr3. Its high time-resolution (CRT similar to 500 ps) represents an additional advantage for background suppression when operated in pulsed HT mode. Each i-TED Compton module features two detection planes of very large LaCl3 monolithic crystals, thereby achieving a high efficiency in coincidence of 0.2% for a point-like 1 MeV gamma-ray source at 5 cm distance. This leads to sufficient statistics for reliable image reconstruction with an array of four i-TED detectors assuming clinical intensities of 10(8) protons per treatment point. The use of a two-plane design instead of three-planes has been preferred owing to the higher attainable efficiency for double time-coincidences than for threefold events. The loss of full-energy events for high energy gamma-rays is compensated by means of machine-learning based algorithms, which allow one to enhance the signal-to-total ratio up to a factor of 2. |
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Address |
[Lerendegui-Marco, Jorge; Balibrea-Correa, Javier; Babiano-Suarez, Victor; Ladarescu, Ion; Domingo-Pardo, Cesar] Univ Valencia, CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, Valencia, Spain, Email: jorge.lerendegui@ific.uv.es |
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Nature Portfolio |
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English |
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2045-2322 |
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Notes |
WOS:000757537100018 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
no |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
5136 |
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Author |
n_TOF Collaboration (Patronis, N. et al); Babiano-Suarez, V.; Balibrea Correa, J.; Domingo-Pardo, C.; Ladarescu, I.; Lerendegui-Marco, J. |
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Title |
Status report of the n_TOF facility after the 2nd CERN long shutdown period |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
EPJ Techniques and Instrumentation |
Abbreviated Journal |
EPJ Tech. Instrum. |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
13 - 10pp |
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Keywords |
Neutron time of flight; Spallation target; Nuclear astrophysics; Neutron physics; Neutron induced fission; Neutron reactions |
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Abstract |
During the second long shutdown period of the CERN accelerator complex (LS2, 2019-2021), several upgrade activities took place at the nTOF facility. The most important have been the replacement of the spallation target with a next generation nitrogen-cooled lead target. Additionally, a new experimental area, at a very short distance from the target assembly (the NEAR Station) was established. In this paper, the core commissioning actions of the new installations are described. The improvement in the nTOF infrastructure was accompanied by several detector development projects. All these upgrade actions are discussed, focusing mostly on the future perspectives of the n_TOF facility. Furthermore, some indicative current and future measurements are briefly reported. |
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Address |
[Patronis, N.; Goula, S.; Eleme, Z.; Stamati, M. E.; Vagena, E.] Univ Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece, Email: nikolaos.patronis@cern.ch |
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Springer |
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English |
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ISSN |
2195-7045 |
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Notes |
WOS:001008786600001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
5591 |
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Author |
Lerendegui-Marco, J.; Babiano-Suarez, V.; Balibrea-Correa, J.; Caballero, L.; Calvo, D.; Ladarescu, I.; Domingo-Pardo, C. |
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Title |
Simultaneous Gamma-Neutron Vision device: a portable and versatile tool for nuclear inspections |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2024 |
Publication |
EPJ Techniques and Instrumentation |
Abbreviated Journal |
EPJ Tech. Instrum. |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
2 - 17pp |
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Keywords |
Gamma imaging; Neutron imaging; Nuclear inspections; Homeland security; Nuclear waste characterization |
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Abstract |
This work presents GN-Vision, a novel dual gamma-ray and neutron imaging system, which aims at simultaneously obtaining information about the spatial origin of gamma-ray and neutron sources. The proposed device is based on two position sensitive detection planes and exploits the Compton imaging technique for the imaging of gamma-rays. In addition, spatial distributions of slow- and thermal-neutron sources (<100 eV) are reconstructed by using a passive neutron pin-hole collimator attached to the first detection plane. The proposed gamma-neutron imaging device could be of prime interest for nuclear safety and security applications. The two main advantages of this imaging system are its high efficiency and portability, making it well suited for nuclear applications were compactness and real-time imaging is important. This work presents the working principle and conceptual design of the GN-Vision system and explores, on the basis of Monte Carlo simulations, its simultaneous gamma-ray and neutron detection and imaging capabilities for a realistic scenario where a Cf-252 source is hidden in a neutron moderating container. |
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Address |
[Lerendegui-Marco, Jorge; Babiano-Suarez, Victor; Balibrea-Correa, Javier; Caballero, Luis; Calvo, David; Ladarescu, Ion; Domingo-Pardo, Cesar] Univ Valencia, Inst Fis Corpuscular, CSIC, Valencia, Spain, Email: jorge.lerendegui@ific.uv.es |
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Springer |
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English |
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ISSN |
2195-7045 |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:001171512700001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
no |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
5975 |
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Author |
Olleros, P.; Caballero, L.; Domingo-Pardo, C.; Babiano, V.; Ladarescu, I.; Calvo, D.; Gramage, P.; Nacher, E.; Tain, J.L.; Tolosa, A. |
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Title |
On the performance of large monolithic LaCl3(Ce) crystals coupled to pixelated silicon photosensors |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Journal of Instrumentation |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Instrum. |
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Volume |
13 |
Issue |
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Pages |
P03014 - 17pp |
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Keywords |
Compton imaging; Detector modelling and simulations I (interaction of radiation with matter interaction of photons with matter interaction of hadrons with matter etc); Gamma detectors (scintillators CZT HPG HgI etc); Instrumentation and methods for time-of-flight (TOF); spectroscopy |
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Abstract |
We investigate the performance of large area radiation detectors, with high energy-and spatial-resolution, intended for the development of a Total Energy Detector with gamma-ray imaging capability, so-called i-TED. This new development aims for an enhancement in detection sensitivity in time-of-flight neutron capture measurements, versus the commonly used C6D6 liquid scintillation total-energy detectors. In this work, we study in detail the impact of the readout photosensor on the energy response of large area (50 x 50 mm(2)) monolithic LaCl3(Ce) crystals, in particular when replacing a conventional mono-cathode photomultiplier tube by an 8 x 8 pixelated silicon photomultiplier. Using the largest commercially available monolithic SiPM array (25 cm(2)), with a pixel size of 6 x 6 mm(2), we have measured an average energy resolution of 3.92% FWHM at 662 keV for crystal thick-nesses of 10, 20 and 30 mm. The results are confronted with detailed Monte Carlo (MC) calculations, where optical processes and properties have been included for the reliable tracking of the scintillation photons. After the experimental validation of the MC model, we use our MC code to explore the impact of a smaller photosensor segmentation on the energy resolution. Our optical MC simulations predict only a marginal deterioration of the spectroscopic performance for pixels of 3 x 3 mm(2). |
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Address |
[Olleros, P.; Caballero, L.; Domingo-Pardo, C.; Babiano, V.; Ladarescu, I.; Calvo, D.; Gramage, P.; Tain, J. L.; Tolosa, A.] Univ Valencia, CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, C Catedrat Jose Beltran 2, Paterna 46980, Spain, Email: Luis.Caballero@ific.uv.es |
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Publisher |
Iop Publishing Ltd |
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English |
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ISSN |
1748-0221 |
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Notes |
WOS:000428146300004 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
no |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
3542 |
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Author |
n_TOF Collaboration (Michalopoulou, V. et al); Babiano-Suarez, V.; Caballero, L.; Domingo-Pardo, C.; Ladarescu, I.; Tain, J.L. |
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Title |
Measurement of the neutron-induced fission cross section of Th-230 at the CERN n_TOF facility |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Physical Review C |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Rev. C |
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Volume |
108 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
014616 - 15pp |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
The neutron-induced fission cross section of Th-230 has been measured at the neutron time-of-flight facility n_TOF located at CERN. The experiment was performed at the experimental area EAR-1 with a neutron flight path of 185 m, using Micromegas detectors for the detection of the fission fragments. The Th-230(n, f ) cross section was determined relative to the U-235(n, f ) one, covering the energy range from the fission threshold up to 400 MeV. The results from the present work are compared with existing cross-section datasets and the observed discrepancies are discussed and analyzed. Finally, using the code EMPIRE 3.2.3 a theoretical study, based on the statistical model, was performed leading to a satisfactory reproduction of the experimental results with the proper tuning of the respective parameters, while for incident neutron energy beyond 200 MeV the fission of( 230)Th was described by Monte Carlo simulations. |
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Address |
[Michalopoulou, V; Stamatopoulos, A.; Diakaki, M.; Vlastou, R.; Kokkoris, M.; Tassan-Got, L.] Natl Tech Univ Athens, Dept Phys, Zografou Campus, Athens, Greece, Email: veatriki.michalopoulou@cern.ch |
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Publisher |
Amer Physical Soc |
Place of Publication |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2469-9985 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:001063908000001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
5700 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
n_TOF Collaboration (Sosnin, N.V. et al.); Babiano-Suarez, V.; Caballero, L.; Domingo-Pardo, C.; Ladarescu, I.; Tain, J.L. |
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Title |
Measurement of the 77Se(n,gamma) cross section up to 200 keV at the n_TOF facility at CERN |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Physical Review C |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Rev. C |
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Volume |
107 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
065805 - 9pp |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
The 77Se(n,gamma) reaction is of importance for 77Se abundance during the slow neutron capture process in massive stars. We have performed a new measurement of the 77Se radiative neutron capture cross section at the Neutron Time-of-Flight facility at CERN. Resonance capture kernels were derived up to 51 keV and cross sections up to 200 keV. Maxwellian-averaged cross sections were calculated for stellar temperatures between kT = 5 keV and kT = 100 keV, with uncertainties between 4.2% and 5.7%. Our results lead to substantial decreases of 14% and 19% in 77Se abundances produced through the slow neutron capture process in selected stellar models of 15M0 and 2M0, respectively, compared to using previous recommendation of the cross section. |
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Address |
[V. Sosnin, N.; Lederer-Woods, C.; Garg, R.; Dietz, M.; Murphy, A. St. J.; Lonsdale, S.; Woods, P. J.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys & Astron, Edinburgh, Scotland, Email: nsosnin@ed.ac.uk |
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Publisher |
Amer Physical Soc |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2469-9985 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:001023903800002 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
5599 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
n_TOF Collaboration (Torres-Sanchez, P. et al); Babiano-Suarez, V.; Caballero, L.; Domingo-Pardo, C.; Ladarescu, I.; Tain, J.L. |
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Title |
Measurement of the 14N(n, p) 14C cross section at the CERN n_TOF facility from subthermal energy to 800 keV |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Physical Review C |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Rev. C |
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Volume |
107 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
064617 - 15pp |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Background: The 14N(n, p) 14C reaction is of interest in neutron capture therapy, where nitrogen-related dose is the main component due to low-energy neutrons, and in astrophysics, where 14N acts as a neutron poison in the s process. Several discrepancies remain between the existing data obtained in partial energy ranges: thermal energy, keV region, and resonance region. Purpose: We aim to measure the 14N(n, p) 14C cross section from thermal to the resonance region in a single measurement for the first time, including characterization of the first resonances, and provide calculations of Maxwellian averaged cross sections (MACS). Method: We apply the time-of-flight technique at Experimental Area 2 (EAR-2) of the neutron time-of-flight (n_TOF) facility at CERN. 10B(n, & alpha;) 7Li and 235U(n, f ) reactions are used as references. Two detection systems are run simultaneously, one on beam and another off beam. Resonances are described with the R-matrix code SAMMY. Results: The cross section was measured from subthermal energy to 800 keV, resolving the first two resonances (at 492.7 and 644 keV). A thermal cross section was obtained (1.809 & PLUSMN; 0.045 b) that is lower than the two most recent measurements by slightly more than one standard deviation, but in line with the ENDF/B-VIII.0 and JEFF-3.3 evaluations. A 1/v energy dependence of the cross section was confirmed up to tens of keV neutron energy. The low energy tail of the first resonance at 492.7 keV is lower than suggested by evaluated values, while the overall resonance strength agrees with evaluations. Conclusions: Our measurement has allowed determination of the 14N(n, p) cross section over a wide energy range for the first time. We have obtained cross sections with high accuracy (2.5%) from subthermal energy to 800 keV and used these data to calculate the MACS for kT = 5 to kT = 100 keV. |
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Address |
[Torres-Sanchez, Pablo; Praena, Javier; Porras, Ignacio; Ogallar, Francisco] Univ Granada, Granada, Spain, Email: pablotorres@ugr.es |
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Amer Physical Soc |
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English |
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Series Issue |
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ISSN |
2469-9985 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:001063209900001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
5701 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
n_TOF Collaboration (Amaducci, S. et al); Babiano-Suarez, V.; Caballero-Ontanaya, L.; Domingo-Pardo, C.; Ladarescu, I.; Tain, J.L.; Tarifeño-Saldivia, A. |
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Title |
Measurement of the 140Ceðn;γþ Cross Section at n_TOF and Its Astrophysical Implications for the Chemical Evolution of the Universe |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2024 |
Publication |
Physical Review Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Rev. Lett. |
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Volume |
132 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
122701 - 8pp |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
140Ce(n, gamma) is a key reaction for slow neutron -capture (s -process) nucleosynthesis due to being a bottleneck in the reaction flow. For this reason, it was measured with high accuracy (uncertainty approximate to 5%) at the n_TOF facility, with an unprecedented combination of a high purity sample and low neutron -sensitivity detectors. The measured Maxwellian averaged cross section is up to 40% higher than previously accepted values. Stellar model calculations indicate a reduction around 20% of the s -process contribution to the Galactic cerium abundance and smaller sizeable differences for most of the heavier elements. No variations are found in the nucleosynthesis from massive stars. |
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Address |
[Amaducci, S.; Cosentino, L.; Finocchiaro, P.; Brown, A.] INFN, Lab Nazl Sud, Catania, Italy |
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Amer Physical Soc |
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English |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0031-9007 |
ISBN |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:001202102900011 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
6074 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Balibrea-Correa, J.; Lerendegui-Marco, J.; Babiano-Suarez, V.; Caballero, L.; Calvo, D.; Ladarescu, I.; Olleros-Rodriguez, P.; Domingo-Pardo, C. |
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Title |
Machine Learning aided 3D-position reconstruction in large LaCl3 crystals |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research A |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A |
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Volume |
1001 |
Issue |
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Pages |
165249 - 17pp |
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Keywords |
Gamma-ray; Position sensitive detectors; Monolithic crystals; Compton imaging; Machine Learning; Convolutional Neural Networks; Total Energy Detector; Neutron capture cross-section |
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Abstract |
We investigate five different models to reconstruct the 3D gamma-ray hit coordinates in five large LaCl3(Ce) monolithic crystals optically coupled to pixelated silicon photomultipliers. These scintillators have a base surface of 50 x 50 mm(2) and five different thicknesses, from 10 mm to 30 mm. Four of these models are analytical prescriptions and one is based on a Convolutional Neural Network. Average resolutions close to 1-2 mm fwhm are obtained in the transverse crystal plane for crystal thicknesses between 10 mm and 20 mm using analytical models. For thicker crystals average resolutions of about 3-5 mm fwhm are obtained. Depth of interaction resolutions between 1 mm and 4 mm are achieved depending on the distance of the interaction point to the photosensor surface. We propose a Machine Learning algorithm to correct for linearity distortions and pin-cushion effects. The latter allows one to keep a large field of view of about 70%-80% of the crystal surface, regardless of crystal thickness. This work is aimed at optimizing the performance of the so-called Total Energy Detector with Compton imaging capability (i-TED) for time-of-flight neutron capture cross-section measurements. |
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Address |
[Balibrea-Correa, J.; Lerendegui-Marco, J.; Babiano-Suarez, V.; Caballero, L.; Calvo, D.; Ladarescu, I.; Olleros-Rodriguez, P.; Domingo-Pardo, C.] Univ Valencia, CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, Valencia, Spain, Email: javier.balibrea@ific.uv.es |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Elsevier |
Place of Publication |
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English |
Summary Language |
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ISSN |
0168-9002 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:000641308300007 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
no |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
4803 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Babiano-Suarez, V. et al; Lerendegui-Marco, J.; Balibrea-Correa, J.; Caballero, L.; Calvo, D.; Ladarescu, I.; Real, D.; Domingo-Pardo, C. |
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Title |
Imaging neutron capture cross sections: i-TED proof-of-concept and future prospects based on Machine-Learning techniques |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
European Physical Journal A |
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Eur. Phys. J. A |
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Volume |
57 |
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6 |
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197 - 17pp |
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Abstract |
i-TED is an innovative detection system which exploits Compton imaging techniques to achieve a superior signal-to-background ratio in (n, gamma) cross-section measurements using time-of-flight technique. This work presents the first experimental validation of the i-TED apparatus for high-resolution time-of-flight experiments and demonstrates for the first time the concept proposed for background rejection. To this aim, the Au-197(n, gamma) and Fe-56(n, gamma) reactions were studied at CERN n_TOF using an i-TED demonstrator based on three position-sensitive detectors. Two C6D6 detectors were also used to benchmark the performance of i-TED. The i-TED prototype built for this study shows a factor of similar to 3 higher detection sensitivity than state-of-the-art C6D6 detectors in the 10 keV neutron-energy region of astrophysical interest. This paper explores also the perspectives of further enhancement in performance attainable with the final i-TED array consisting of twenty position-sensitive detectors and newanalysis methodologies based on Machine-Learning techniques. |
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1434-6001 |
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Notes |
WOS:000662881100001 |
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no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
4875 |
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