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Author |
Gillam, J.E.; Solevi, P.; Oliver, J.F.; Rafecas, M. |
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Title |
Simulated one-pass list-mode: an approach to on-the-fly system matrix calculation |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication  |
Physics in Medicine and Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Med. Biol. |
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Volume |
58 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
2377-2394 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
In the development of prototype systems for positron emission tomography a valid and robust image reconstruction algorithm is required. However, prototypes often employ novel detector and system geometries which may change rapidly under optimization. In addition, developing systems generally produce highly granular, or possibly continuous detection domains which require some level of on-the-fly calculation for retention of measurement precision. In this investigation a new method of on-the-fly system matrix calculation is proposed that provides advantages in application to such list-mode systems in terms of flexibility in system modeling. The new method is easily adaptable to complicated system geometries and available computational resources. Detection uncertainty models are used as random number generators to produce ensembles of possible photon trajectories at image reconstruction time for each datum in the measurement list. However, the result of this approach is that the system matrix elements change at each iteration in a non-repetitive manner. The resulting algorithm is considered the simulation of a one-pass list (SOPL) which is generated and the list traversed during image reconstruction. SOPL alters the system matrix in use at each iteration and so behavior within the maximum likelihood-expectation maximization algorithm was investigated. A two-pixel system and a small two dimensional imaging model are used to illustrate the process and quantify aspects of the algorithm. The two-dimensional imaging system showed that, while incurring a penalty in image resolution, in comparison to a non-random equal-computation counterpart, SOPL provides much enhanced noise properties. In addition, enhancement in system matrix quality is straightforward (by increasing the number of samples in the ensemble) so that the resolution penalty can be recovered when desired while retaining improvement in noise properties. Finally the approach is tested and validated against a standard (highly accurate) system matrix using experimental data from a prototype system-the AX-PET. |
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Address |
[Gillam, J. E.; Solevi, P.; Oliver, J. F.; Rafecas, M.] Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, Valencia, Spain, Email: john.gillam@ific.uv.es |
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Publisher |
Iop Publishing Ltd |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0031-9155 |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:000316181300024 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
no |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
1370 |
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Author |
Robert, C.; Dedes, G.; Battistoni, G.; Bohlen, T.T.; Buvat, I.; Cerutti, F.; Chin, M.P.W.; Ferrari, A.; Gueth, P.; Kurz, C.; Lestand, L.; Mairani, A.; Montarou, G.; Nicolini, R.; Ortega, P.G.; Parodi, K.; Prezado, Y.; Sala, P.R.; Sarrut, D.; Testa, E. |
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Title |
Distributions of secondary particles in proton and carbon-ion therapy: a comparison between GATE/Geant4 and FLUKA Monte Carlo codes |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Physics in Medicine and Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Med. Biol. |
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Volume |
58 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
2879-2899 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Monte Carlo simulations play a crucial role for in-vivo treatment monitoring based on PET and prompt gamma imaging in proton and carbon-ion therapies. The accuracy of the nuclear fragmentation models implemented in these codes might affect the quality of the treatment verification. In this paper, we investigate the nuclear models implemented in GATE/Geant4 and FLUKA by comparing the angular and energy distributions of secondary particles exiting a homogeneous target of PMMA. Comparison results were restricted to fragmentation of O-16 and C-12. Despite the very simple target and set-up, substantial discrepancies were observed between the two codes. For instance, the number of high energy (>1 MeV) prompt gammas exiting the target was about twice as large with GATE/Geant4 than with FLUKA both for proton and carbon ion beams. Such differences were not observed for the predicted annihilation photon production yields, for which ratios of 1.09 and 1.20 were obtained between GATE and FLUKA for the proton beam and the carbon ion beam, respectively. For neutrons and protons, discrepancies from 14% (exiting protons-carbon ion beam) to 57% (exiting neutrons-proton beam) have been identified in production yields as well as in the energy spectra for neutrons. |
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Address |
Univ Paris 07, IMNC, CNRS, UMR 8165, F-91406 Orsay, France, Email: robert@imnc.in2p3.fr |
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Publisher |
Iop Publishing Ltd |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0031-9155 |
ISBN |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:000317579900010 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
1407 |
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Author |
Solevi, P. et al; Oliver, J.F.; Gillam, J.E.; Rafecas, M. |
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Title |
A Monte-Carlo based model of the AX-PET demonstrator and its experimental validation |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Physics in Medicine and Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Med. Biol. |
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Volume |
58 |
Issue |
16 |
Pages |
5495-5510 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
AX-PET is a novel PET detector based on axially oriented crystals and orthogonal wavelength shifter (WLS) strips, both individually read out by silicon photo-multipliers. Its design decouples sensitivity and spatial resolution, by reducing the parallax error due to the layered arrangement of the crystals. Additionally the granularity of AX-PET enhances the capability to track photons within the detector yielding a large fraction of inter-crystal scatter events. These events, if properly processed, can be included in the reconstruction stage further increasing the sensitivity. Its unique features require dedicated Monte-Carlo simulations, enabling the development of the device, interpreting data and allowing the development of reconstruction codes. At the same time the non-conventional design of AX-PET poses several challenges to the simulation and modeling tasks, mostly related to the light transport and distribution within the crystals and WLS strips, as well as the electronics readout. In this work we present a hybrid simulation tool based on an analytical model and a Monte-Carlo based description of the AX-PET demonstrator. It was extensively validated against experimental data, providing excellent agreement. |
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Address |
[Solevi, P.; Oliver, J. F.; Gillam, J. E.; Rafecas, M.] Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain, Email: paola.solevi@ific.uv.es |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Iop Publishing Ltd |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0031-9155 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:000322775300012 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
1544 |
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Author |
Edgecock, T.R. et al; Agarwalla, S.K.; Cervera-Villanueva, A.; Donini, A.; Ghosh, T.; Gomez-Cadenas, J.J.; Hernandez, P.; Martin-Albo, J.; Mena, O. |
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Title |
High intensity neutrino oscillation facilities in Europe |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Physical Review Special Topics-Accelerators and Beams |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams |
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Volume |
16 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
021002 - 18pp |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
The EUROnu project has studied three possible options for future, high intensity neutrino oscillation facilities in Europe. The first is a Super Beam, in which the neutrinos come from the decay of pions created by bombarding targets with a 4 MW proton beam from the CERN High Power Superconducting Proton Linac. The far detector for this facility is the 500 kt MEMPHYS water Cherenkov, located in the Frejus tunnel. The second facility is the Neutrino Factory, in which the neutrinos come from the decay of mu(+) and mu(-) beams in a storage ring. The far detector in this case is a 100 kt magnetized iron neutrino detector at a baseline of 2000 km. The third option is a Beta Beam, in which the neutrinos come from the decay of beta emitting isotopes, in particular He-6 and Ne-18, also stored in a ring. The far detector is also the MEMPHYS detector in the Frejus tunnel. EUROnu has undertaken conceptual designs of these facilities and studied the performance of the detectors. Based on this, it has determined the physics reach of each facility, in particular for the measurement of CP violation in the lepton sector, and estimated the cost of construction. These have demonstrated that the best facility to build is the Neutrino Factory. However, if a powerful proton driver is constructed for another purpose or if the MEMPHYS detector is built for astroparticle physics, the Super Beam also becomes very attractive. |
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Address |
[Edgecock, T. R.; Caretta, O.; Davenne, T.; Densam, C.; Fitton, M.; Kelliher, D.; Loveridge, P.; Machida, S.; Prior, C.; Rogers, C.; Rooney, M.; Thomason, J.; Wilcox, D.] STFC Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England |
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Publisher |
Amer Physical Soc |
Place of Publication |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1098-4402 |
ISBN |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:000315152000001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
1333 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Bross, A.; Wands, R.; Bayes, R.; Laing, A.; Soler, F.J.P.; Cervera-Villanueva, A.; Ghosh, T.; Gomez-Cadenas, J.J.; Hernandez, P.; Martin-Albo, J.; Burguet-Castell, J. |
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Title |
Toroidal magnetized iron neutrino detector for a neutrino factory |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Physical Review Special Topics-Accelerators and Beams |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams |
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Volume |
16 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
081002 - 16pp |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
A neutrino factory has unparalleled physics reach for the discovery and measurement of CP violation in the neutrino sector. A far detector for a neutrino factory must have good charge identification with excellent background rejection and a large mass. An elegant solution is to construct a magnetized iron neutrino detector (MIND) along the lines of MINOS, where iron plates provide a toroidal magnetic field and scintillator planes provide 3D space points. In this paper, the current status of a simulation of a toroidal MIND for a neutrino factory is discussed in light of the recent measurements of large theta(13). The response and performance using the 10 GeV neutrino factory configuration are presented. It is shown that this setup has equivalent delta(CP) reach to a MIND with a dipole field and is sensitive to the discovery of CP violation over 85% of the values of delta(CP). |
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Address |
[Bross, A.; Wands, R.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA, Email: paul.soler@glasgow.ac.uk |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Amer Physical Soc |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1098-4402 |
ISBN |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:000323389400001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
1559 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
