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KM3NeT Collaboration (Aiello, S. et al); Alves Garre, S.; Calvo, D.; Carretero, V.; Colomer, M.; Garcia Soto, A.; Gozzini, S.R.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Khan Chowdhury, N.R.; Lazo, A.; Manczak, J.; Palacios Gonzalez, J.; Pieterse, C.; Real, D.; Salesa Greus, F.; Sanchez Losa, A.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J. |
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Title |
The KM3NeT multi-PMT optical module |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Journal of Instrumentation |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Instrum. |
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Volume |
17 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
P07038 - 28pp |
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Keywords |
Cherenkov detectors; Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics; Neutrino detectors |
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Abstract |
The optical module of the KM3NeT neutrino telescope is an innovative multi-faceted large area photodetection module. It contains 31 three-inch photomultiplier tubes in a single 0.44 m diameter pressure-resistant glass sphere. The module is a sensory device also comprising calibration instruments and electronics for power, readout and data acquisition. It is capped with a breakout-box with electronics for connection to an electro-optical cable for power and long-distance communication to the onshore control station. The design of the module was qualified for the first time in the deep sea in 2013. Since then, the technology has been further improved to meet requirements of scalability, cost-effectiveness and high reliability. The module features a sub-nanosecond timing accuracy and a dynamic range allowing the measurement of a single photon up to a cascade of thousands of photons, suited for the measurement of the Cherenkov radiation induced in water by secondary particles from interactions of neutrinos with energies in the range of GeV to PeV. A distributed production model has been implemented for the delivery of more than 6000 modules in the coming few years with an average production rate of more than 100 modules per month. In this paper a review is presented of the design of the multi-PMT KM3NeT optical module with a proven effective background suppression and signal recognition and sensitivity to the incoming direction of photons. |
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Address |
[Aiello, S.; Bruno, R.; Leonora, E.; Longhitano, F.; Randazzo, N.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, I-95123 Italy, Italy, Email: km3net-pc@km3net.de |
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Publisher |
IOP Publishing Ltd |
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English |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1748-0221 |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:000898568200003 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
5449 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
KM3NeT Collaboration (Aiello, S. et al); Alves Garre, S.; Calvo, D.; Carretero, V; Garcia Soto, A.; Gozzini, S.R.; Hernandez-Rey, J. J.; Khan Chowdhury, N.R.; Lazo, A.; Lessing, N.; Manczak, J.; Palacios Gonzalez, J.; Pastor Gomez, E.J.; Rahaman, U.; Real, D.; Salesa Greus, F.; Sanchez Losa, A.; Zornoza, J. D.; Zuñiga, J. |
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Title |
KM3NeT broadcast optical data transport system |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Journal of Instrumentation |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Instrum. |
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Volume |
18 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
T02001 - 22pp |
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Keywords |
Cherenkov detectors; Data Processing; Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics; Optics |
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Abstract |
The optical data transport system of the KM3NeT neutrino telescope at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea will provide more than 6000 optical modules in the detector arrays with a point-to-point optical connection to the control stations onshore. The ARCA and ORCA detectors of KM3NeT are being installed at a depth of about 3500 m and 2500 m, respectively and their distance to the control stations is about 100 kilometers and 40 kilometers. In particular, the two detectors are optimised for the detection of cosmic neutrinos with energies above about 1 TeV (ARCA) and for the detection of atmospheric neutrinos with energies in the range 1 GeV-1 TeV (ORCA). The expected maximum data rate is 200 Mbps per optical module. The implemented optical data transport system matches the layouts of the networks of electro-optical cables and junction boxes in the deep sea. For efficient use of the fibres in the system the technology of Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing is applied. The performance of the optical system in terms of measured bit error rates, optical budget are presented. The next steps in the implementation of the system are also discussed. |
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Address |
[Aiello, S.; Bruno, R.; Leonora, E.; Longhitano, F.; Randazzo, N.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, I-95123 Catania, Italy |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
IOP Publishing Ltd |
Place of Publication |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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ISSN |
1748-0221 |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:000989217700001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
5565 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
KM3NeT Collaboration (Adrian-Martinez, S. et al); Barrios-Marti, J.; Calvo Diaz-Aldagalan, D.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Illuminati, G.; Lotze, M.; Olcina, I.; Real, D.; Sanchez Garcia, A.; Tönnis, C.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J. |
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Title |
Letter of intent for KM3NeT 2.0 |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of Physics G |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Phys. G |
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Volume |
43 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
084001 - 130pp |
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Keywords |
neutrino astronomy; neutrino physics; deep sea neutrino telescope; neutrino mass hierarchy |
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Abstract |
The main objectives of the KM3NeT Collaboration are (i) the discovery and subsequent observation of high-energy neutrino sources in the Universe and (ii) the determination of the mass hierarchy of neutrinos. These objectives are strongly motivated by two recent important discoveries, namely: (1) the high-energy astrophysical neutrino signal reported by IceCube and (2) the sizable contribution of electron neutrinos to the third neutrino mass eigenstate as reported by Daya Bay, Reno and others. To meet these objectives, the KM3NeT Collaboration plans to build a new Research Infrastructure consisting of a network of deep-sea neutrino telescopes in the Mediterranean Sea. A phased and distributed implementation is pursued which maximises the access to regional funds, the availability of human resources and the synergistic opportunities for the Earth and sea sciences community. Three suitable deep-sea sites are selected, namely off-shore Toulon (France), Capo Passero (Sicily, Italy) and Pylos (Peloponnese, Greece). The infrastructure will consist of three so-called building blocks. A building block comprises 115 strings, each string comprises 18 optical modules and each optical module comprises 31 photo-multiplier tubes. Each building block thus constitutes a three-dimensional array of photo sensors that can be used to detect the Cherenkov light produced by relativistic particles emerging from neutrino interactions. Two building blocks will be sparsely configured to fully explore the IceCube signal with similar instrumented volume, different methodology, improved resolution and complementary field of view, including the galactic plane. One building block will be densely configured to precisely measure atmospheric neutrino oscillations. |
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Address |
[Adrian-Martinez, S.; Ardid, M.; Llorens Alvarez, C. D.; Martinez-Mora, J. A.; Saldana, M.] Univ Politecn Valencia, Inst Invest Gest Integrada Zonas Costeras, C Paranimf 1, E-46730 Gandia, Spain, Email: brunner@cppm.in2p3.fr; |
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Publisher |
Iop Publishing Ltd |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0954-3899 |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:000381686700001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
2773 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
ANTARES Collaboration (Ageron, M. et al); Aguilar, J.A.; Bigongiari, C.; Carmona, E.; Dornic, D.; Emanuele, U.; Gomez-Gonzalez, J.P.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Mangano, S.; Real, D.; Roca, V.; Salesa, F.; Toscano, S.; Urbano, F.; Yepes, H.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J. |
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Title |
ANTARES: The first undersea neutrino telescope |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research A |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A |
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Volume |
656 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
11-38 |
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Keywords |
Neutrino; Astroparticle; Neutrino astronomy; Deep sea detector; Marine technology; DWDM; Photomultiplier tube; Submarine cable; Wet mateable connector |
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Abstract |
The ANTARES Neutrino Telescope was completed in May 2008 and is the first operational Neutrino Telescope in the Mediterranean Sea. The main purpose of the detector is to perform neutrino astronomy and the apparatus also offers facilities for marine and Earth sciences. This paper describes the design, the construction and the installation of the telescope in the deep sea, offshore from Toulon in France. An illustration of the detector performance is given. |
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Address |
[Barbarito, E; Cassano, B; Ceres, A; Circella, M; Fiorello, C; Mongelli, M; Montaruli, T; Ruppi, M] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy, Email: Marco.Circella@ba.infn.it |
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Publisher |
Elsevier Science Bv |
Place of Publication |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0168-9002 |
ISBN |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:000296129100003 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ elepoucu @ |
Serial |
785 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
KM3NeT Collaboration (Aiello, S. et al); Alves Garre, S.; Calvo, D.; Carretero, V.; Colomer, M.; Gozzini, S.R.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Khan Chowdhury, N.R.; Lazo, A.; Palacios Gonzalez, J.; Pieterse, C.; Real, D.; Salesa Greus, F.; Sanchez Losa, A.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J. |
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Title |
Nanobeacon: A time calibration device for the KM3NeT neutrino telescope |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research A |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A |
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Volume |
1040 |
Issue |
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Pages |
167132 - 13pp |
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Keywords |
Time calibration; Instrumentation; Neutrino telescopes |
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Abstract |
The KM3NeT Collaboration is currently constructing a multi-site high-energy neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea consisting of matrices of pressure-resistant glass spheres, each holding a set of 31 small-area photomultipliers. The main goals of the telescope are the observation of neutrino sources in the Universe and the measurement of the neutrino oscillation parameters with atmospheric neutrinos. A relative time synchronisation between photomultipliers of the nanosecond order needed to guarantee the required angular resolution of the detector. Due to the large detector volumes to be instrumented by KM3NeT, a cost reduction of the different systems is a priority. To this end, the inexpensive Nanobeacon has been designed and developed by the KM3NeT Collaboration to be used for detector time-calibration studies. At present, more than 600 & nbsp;Nanobeacons have been already produced. The characterisation of the optical pulse and the wavelength emission profile of the devices is critical for the time calibration. The optical pulse rise time has been quantified as less than 3 ns, while the Full Width Half Maximum is less than 6 ns. The wavelength drift, due to a variation of the supply voltage, has also been qualified as lower than 10 nm for the full range of the Nanobeacon. In this paper, more details about the main features of the Nanobeacon design, production and operation, together with the main properties of the light pulse generated are described. |
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Address |
[Aiello, S.; Bruno, R.; Leonora, E.; Longhitano, F.; Randazzo, N.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, I-95123 Catania, Italy, Email: sagreus@ific.uv.es; |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Elsevier |
Place of Publication |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0168-9002 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:000841467100009 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
5342 |
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Permanent link to this record |