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Azevedo, C. D. R., Baeza, A., Chauveau, E., Corbacho, J. A., Diaz, J., Domange, J., et al. (2023). Design, setup and routine operation of a water treatment system for the monitoring of low activities of tritium in water. Nucl. Eng. Technol., 55(7), 2349–2355.
Abstract: In the TRITIUM project, an on-site monitoring system is being developed to measure tritium (3H) levels in water near nuclear power plants. The quite low-energy betas emitted by 3H have a very short average path in water (5 mm as shown by simulations for 18 keV electrons). This path would be further reduced by impurities present in the water, resulting in a significant reduction of the detection efficiency. Therefore, one of the essential requirements of the project is the elimination of these impurities through a filtration process and the removal of salts in solution. This paper describes a water treatment system developed for the project that meets the following requirements: the water produced should be of nearpure water quality according to ISO 3696 grade 3 standard (conductivity < 10 mS/cm); the system should operate autonomously and be remotely monitored.
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AGATA collaboration(Collado, J. et al), Civera, J. V., & Gadea, A. (2023). AGATA phase 2 advancements in front-end electronics. Eur. Phys. J. A, 59(6), 133–20pp.
Abstract: The AGATA collaboration has a long-standing leadership in the development of front-end electronics for high resolution ?-ray spectroscopy using large volume high purity germanium detectors. For two decades, the AGATA collaboration has been developing state-of-the-art digital electronics processing with high resolution sampling ADC, high-speed signal transfer and fast readout to a high throughput computing (HTC) farm for on-line pulse shape analysis. The collaboration is presently addressing the next challenge of equipping a 4p array with more than 6000 channels in high resolution mode, generating approximately 10 MHz of total trigger requests, coupled to a large variety of complementary instruments. A next generation of front-end electronics, presently under design, is based on industrial products (System on Module FPGA's), has higher integration and lower power consumption. In this contribution, the conceptual design of the new electronics is presented. The results of the very first tests of the pre-production electronics are presented as well as future perspectives.
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DUNE Collaboration(Abud, A. A. et al), Amedo, P., Antonova, M., Barenboim, G., Cervera-Villanueva, A., De Romeri, V., et al. (2023). Identification and reconstruction of low-energy electrons in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector. Phys. Rev. D, 107(9), 092012–22pp.
Abstract: Measurements of electrons from ?e interactions are crucial for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) neutrino oscillation program, as well as searches for physics beyond the standard model, supernova neutrino detection, and solar neutrino measurements. This article describes the selection and reconstruction of low-energy (Michel) electrons in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector. ProtoDUNE-SP is one of the prototypes for the DUNE far detector, built and operated at CERN as a charged particle test beam experiment. A sample of low-energy electrons produced by the decay of cosmic muons is selected with a purity of 95%. This sample is used to calibrate the low-energy electron energy scale with two techniques. An electron energy calibration based on a cosmic ray muon sample uses calibration constants derived from measured and simulated cosmic ray muon events. Another calibration technique makes use of the theoretically well-understood Michel electron energy spectrum to convert reconstructed charge to electron energy. In addition, the effects of detector response to low-energy electron energy scale and its resolution including readout electronics threshold effects are quantified. Finally, the relation between the theoretical and reconstructed low-energy electron energy spectra is derived, and the energy resolution is characterized. The low-energy electron selection presented here accounts for about 75% of the total electron deposited energy. After the addition of lost energy using a Monte Carlo simulation, the energy resolution improves from about 40% to 25% at 50 MeV. These results are used to validate the expected capabilities of the DUNE far detector to reconstruct low-energy electrons.
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n_TOF Collaboration(Patronis, N. et al), Babiano-Suarez, V., Balibrea Correa, J., Domingo-Pardo, C., Ladarescu, I., & Lerendegui-Marco, J. (2023). Status report of the n_TOF facility after the 2nd CERN long shutdown period. EPJ Tech. Instrum., 10(1), 13–10pp.
Abstract: During the second long shutdown period of the CERN accelerator complex (LS2, 2019-2021), several upgrade activities took place at the nTOF facility. The most important have been the replacement of the spallation target with a next generation nitrogen-cooled lead target. Additionally, a new experimental area, at a very short distance from the target assembly (the NEAR Station) was established. In this paper, the core commissioning actions of the new installations are described. The improvement in the nTOF infrastructure was accompanied by several detector development projects. All these upgrade actions are discussed, focusing mostly on the future perspectives of the n_TOF facility. Furthermore, some indicative current and future measurements are briefly reported.
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Bonilla, C., Herms, J., Medina, O., & Peinado, E. (2023). Discrete dark matter mechanism as the source of neutrino mass scales. J. High Energy Phys., 06(6), 078–23pp.
Abstract: The hierarchy in scale between atmospheric and solar neutrino mass splittings is investigated through two distinct neutrino mass mechanisms from tree-level and one-loop-level contributions. We demonstrate that the minimal discrete dark matter mechanism contains the ingredients for explaining this hierarchy. This scenario is characterized by adding new RH neutrinos and SU(2)-doublet scalars to the Standard Model as triplet representations of an A(4) flavor symmetry. The A(4) symmetry breaking, which occurs at the electroweak scale, leads to a residual DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL Z(2) symmetry responsible for the dark matter stability and dictates the neutrino phenomenology. Finally, we show that to reproduce the neutrino mixing angles correctly, it is necessary to violate CP in the scalar potential.
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Martin-Luna, P., Gimeno, B., Gonzalez-Iglesias, D., Esperante, D., Blanch, C., Fuster-Martinez, N., et al. (2023). On the Magnetic Field of a Finite Solenoid. IEEE Trans. Magn., 59(4), 7000106–6pp.
Abstract: The magnetostatic field of a finite solenoid with infinitely thin walls carrying a dc current oriented in the azimuthal direction is calculated everywhere in space in terms of complete elliptic integrals by direct integration of the Biot-Savart law. The solution is particularized near the solenoid axis and in the midplane perpendicular to the axis obtaining expressions that agree with some typical approximations that are made in introductory courses of electromagnetism or in the technical literature. The range of validity of these approximations has been studied comparing them with the obtained general expression.
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Moretti, F., Del Prete, M., & Montani, G. (2023). Linear analysis of the gravitational beam-plasma instability. Eur. Phys. J. C, 83(6), 486–16pp.
Abstract: We investigate the well-known phenomenon of the beam-plasma instability in the gravitational sector when a fast population of particles interacts with the massive scalar mode of a Horndeski theory of gravity, resulting in linear growth of the latter amplitude. Following the approach used in the standard electromagnetic case, we start from the dielectric representation of the gravitational plasma, as introduced in a previous analysis of the Landau damping for the scalar Horndeski mode. We then set up the modified Vlasov-Einstein equation, using a Dirac delta function to describe the fast beam distribution. We thus provide an analytical expression for the dispersion relation, and we demonstrate the existence of a nonzero growth rate for the linear evolution of the Horndeski scalar mode. A numerical investigation is then performed with a trapezoidal beam distribution function, which confirms the analytical results and allows us to demonstrate how the growth rate decreases as the beam spread increases.
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ATLAS Collaboration(Aad, G. et al), Aparisi Pozo, J. A., Bailey, A. J., Cabrera Urban, S., Castillo, F. L., Castillo Gimenez, V., et al. (2023). Observation of electroweak production of two jets and a Z-boson pair. Nat. Phys., 19(2), 237–253.
Abstract: Electroweak symmetry breaking explains the origin of the masses of elementary particles through their interactions with the Higgs field. Besides the measurements of the Higgs boson properties, the study of the scattering of massive vector bosons with spin 1 allows the nature of electroweak symmetry breaking to be probed. Among all processes related to vector-boson scattering, the electroweak production of two jets and a Z-boson pair is a rare and important one. Here we report the observation of this process from proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139fb(-1) recorded at a centre-of-mass energy of 13TeV with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. We consider two different final states originating from the decays of the Z-boson pair: one containing four charged leptons and another containing two charged leptons and two neutrinos. The hypothesis of no electroweak production is rejected with a statistical significance of 5.7 sigma, and the measured cross-section for electroweak production is consistent with the Standard Model prediction. In addition, we report cross-sections for inclusive production of a Z-boson pair and two jets for the two final states.
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Garcia Soto, A., Garg, D., Reno, M. H., & Arguelles, C. A. (2023). Probing quantum gravity with elastic interactions of ultrahigh-energy neutrinos. Phys. Rev. D, 107(3), 033009–9pp.
Abstract: The next generation of radio telescopes will be sensitive to low-scale quantum gravity by measuring ultrahigh-energy neutrinos. In this work, we demonstrate for the first time that neutrino-nucleon soft interactions induced by TeV-scale gravity would significantly increase the number of events detected by the IceCube-Gen2 radio array in the EeV regime. However, we show that these experiments cannot measure the total cross section using only the angular and energy information of the neutrino flux, unless assumptions on the underlying inelasticity distribution of neutral interactions are made.
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Cepedello, R., Escribano, P., & Vicente, A. (2023). Neutrino masses, flavor anomalies, and muon g-2 from dark loops. Phys. Rev. D, 107(3), 035034–6pp.
Abstract: The lepton sector of the Standard Model is at present haunted by several intriguing anomalies, including an emerging pattern of deviations in b ? sll processes, with hints of lepton flavor universality violation, and a discrepancy in the muon anomalous magnetic moment. More importantly, it cannot explain neutrino oscillation data, which necessarily imply the existence of nonzero neutrino masses and lepton mixings. We propose a model that accommodates all the aforementioned anomalies, induces neutrino masses and provides a testable dark matter candidate. This is achieved by introducing a dark sector contributing to the observables of interest at the 1-loop level. Our setup provides a very economical explanation to all these open questions in particle physics and is compatible with the current experimental constraints.
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