De Romeri, V., Papoulias, D. K., Sanchez Garcia, G., Ternes, C. A., & Tortola, M. (2025). Neutrino electromagnetic properties and sterile dipole portal in light of the first solar CEνNS data. J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 05(5), 080–20pp.
Abstract: Despite being neutral particles, neutrinos can acquire non-zero electromagnetic properties from radiative corrections that can be induced by the presence of new physics. Electromagnetic neutrino processes induce spectral distortions in neutrino scattering data, which are especially visible at experiments characterized by low recoil thresholds. We investigate how neutrino electromagnetic properties confront the recent indication of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE nu NS) from 8B solar neutrinos in dark matter direct detection experiments. We focus on three possibilities: neutrino magnetic moments, neutrino electric charges, and the active-sterile transition magnetic moment portal. We analyze recent XENONnT and PandaX-4T data and infer the first CE nu NS-based constraints on electromagnetic properties using solar 8B neutrinos.
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Decant, Q., Dimitriou, A., Lopez-Honorez, L., & Zaldivar, B. (2025). Simulation-based inference on warm dark matter from HERA forecasts. J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 07(7), 004–40pp.
Abstract: The redshifted 21cm signal from Cosmic Dawn promises to open a new window into the early history of our universe and enable the probing of an unprecedented comoving survey volume. In this work, we revisit the imprint of Warm Dark Matter (WDM) on the 21cm signal power spectrum using an updated implementation of the WDM effect in the public code 21cmFast and considering a single population of cosmic dawn galaxies. By focusing on inferring the WDM mass, we analyze the degeneracies between the latter and the astrophysics parameters characterizing star formation and X-ray heating and we emphasize the role of the threshold mass for star-forming galaxies, Mturn. We study the capability of the recently built HERA telescope to reconstruct the WDM mass by adopting the statistical approach of simulation-based inference. We include a comparison of the per-parameter reconstruction quality for different number of simulations used in the training of the algorithm. Our results this study may also influence the strength of the WDM constraint for lower threshold masses.
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Lang, N., & Wilson, D. J. (2025). D1 and D2 resonances in coupled-channel scattering amplitudes from lattice QCD. J. High Energy Phys., 07(7), 060–50pp.
Abstract: Isospin-1/2 charmed axial-vector D∗π−D∗η−D∗sK¯ scattering amplitudes are computed, along with interactions in several other I=1/2 JP channels. Using lattice QCD, we work at a light-quark mass corresponding to mπ≈391 MeV, where the lowest three-hadron threshold (Dππ) lies high enough to enable a rigorous treatment of this system considering only two-hadron scattering channels. At this light-quark mass, an axial-vector D1 bound state is observed just below D∗π threshold, that is strongly coupled to D∗π in a relative S-wave and influences a wide energy region up to the D∗η threshold. An axial-vector D′1 resonance is observed in the elastic D∗π energy-region, which is coupled more strongly to D-wave D∗π. A single narrow tensor state is seen in JP=2+ coupled to both Dπ and D∗π. In the region where D∗η and D∗sK¯ are kinematically open, the available energy levels indicate significant S-wave interactions. Upon searching this region for poles, several possibilities exist with large uncertainties. One additional state consistently arises, predominantly coupled to the S-wave D∗π−D∗η−D∗sK¯ amplitudes around the upper energy limit of this analysis.
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Ferreira, M. N., & Papavassiliou, J. (2025). Gluon mass scale through the Schwinger mechanism. Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys., 144, 104186–67pp.
Abstract: It has long been argued that the action of the Schwinger mechanism in the gauge sector of Quantum Chromodynamics leads to the generation of a gluon mass scale. Within this scenario, the analytic structure of the fundamental vertices is modified by the creation of scalar colored excitations with vanishing mass. In the limit of zero momentum transfer, these terms act as massless poles, providing the required conditions for the infrared stabilization of the gluon propagator, and producing a characteristic displacement to the associated Ward identities. In this article we offer an extensive overview of the salient notions and techniques underlying this dynamical picture. We place particular emphasis on recent developments related to the exact renormalization of the mass, the nonlinear nature of the pole equation, and the key role played by the Fredholm alternative theorem.
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Bertolez-Martinez, T., Esteban, I., Hajjar, R., Mena, O., & Salvado, J. (2025). Origin of cosmological neutrino mass bounds: background versus perturbations. J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 06(6), 058–37pp.
Abstract: The cosmological upper bound on the total neutrino mass is the dominant limit on this fundamental parameter. Recent observations soon to be improved have strongly tightened it, approaching the lower limit set by oscillation data. Understanding its physical origin, robustness, and model-independence becomes pressing. Here, we explicitly separate for the first time the two distinct cosmological neutrino-mass effects: the impact on background evolution, related to the energy in neutrino masses; and the “kinematic” impact on perturbations, related to neutrino free-streaming. We scrutinize how they affect CMB anisotropies, introducing two effective masses enclosing background ( mBackg. nu ) and perturbations ( mPert. nu) effects. We analyze CMB data, finding that the neutrino-mass bound is mostly a background measurement, i.e., how the neutrino energy density evolves with time. The bound on the “kinematic” variable mPert. nu is largely relaxed, mPert. nu <0.8 eV. This work thus adds clarity to the physical origin of the cosmological neutrino-mass bound, which is mostly a measurement of the neutrino equation of state, providing also hints to evade such a bound.
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