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Author Aggarwal, N. et al; Figueroa, D.G. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Challenges and opportunities of gravitational-wave searches at MHz to GHz frequencies Type Journal Article
  Year 2021 Publication Living Reviews in Relativity Abbreviated Journal Living Rev. Relativ.  
  Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages 4 - 74pp  
  Keywords (down) Ultra-high-frequency gravitational waves; Cosmological gravitational waves; Gravitational wave detectors; Fundamental physics with gavitational waves  
  Abstract The first direct measurement of gravitational waves by the LIGO and Virgo collaborations has opened up new avenues to explore our Universe. This white paper outlines the challenges and gains expected in gravitational-wave searches at frequencies above the LIGO/Virgo band, with a particular focus on Ultra High-Frequency Gravitational Waves (UHF-GWs), covering the MHz to GHz range. The absence of known astrophysical sources in this frequency range provides a unique opportunity to discover physics beyond the Standard Model operating both in the early and late Universe, and we highlight some of the most promising gravitational sources. We review several detector concepts that have been proposed to take up this challenge, and compare their expected sensitivity with the signal strength predicted in various models. This report is the summary of the workshop “Challenges and opportunities of high-frequency gravitational wave detection” held at ICTP Trieste, Italy in October 2019, that set up the stage for the recently launched Ultra-High-Frequency Gravitational Wave (UHF-GW) initiative.  
  Address [Aggarwal, Nancy] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Interdisciplinary Explorat & Res Astrophys CI, Ctr Fundamental Phys, Evanston, IL 60208 USA, Email: nancy.aggarwal@northwestern.edu;  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Springer Int Publ Ag Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2367-3613 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes WOS:000727359500002 Approved no  
  Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes  
  Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 5074  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author ATLAS Collaboration (Abat, E. et al); Bernabeu Verdu, J.; Castillo Gimenez, V.; Costa, M.J.; Escobar, C.; Ferrer, A.; Garcia, C.; Gonzalez-Sevilla, S.; Higon-Rodriguez, E.; Lacasta, C.; Marti-Garcia, S.; Mitsou, V.A.; Ruiz, A.; Solans, C.; Valero, A.; Valls Ferrer, J.A. doi  openurl
  Title Photon reconstruction in the ATLAS Inner Detector and Liquid Argon Barrel Calorimeter at the 2004 Combined Test Beam Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Journal of Instrumentation Abbreviated Journal J. Instrum.  
  Volume 6 Issue Pages P04001 - 40pp  
  Keywords (down) Transition radiation detectors; Calorimeters; Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics; Particle tracking detectors (Solid-state detectors)  
  Abstract The reconstruction of photons in the ATLAS detector is studied with data taken during the 2004 Combined Test Beam, where a full slice of the ATLAS detector was exposed to beams of particles of known energy at the CERN SPS. The results presented show significant differences in the longitudinal development of the electromagnetic shower between converted and unconverted photons as well as in the total measured energy. The potential to use the reconstructed converted photons as a means to precisely map the material of the tracker in front of the electromagnetic calorimeter is also considered. All results obtained are compared with a detailed Monte-Carlo simulation of the test-beam setup which is based on the same simulation and reconstruction tools as those used for the ATLAS detector itself.  
  Address [Wheeler, S.] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Ctr Particle Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada, Email: stathes.paganis@cern.ch  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iop Publishing Ltd Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1748-0221 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes WOS:000294491300002 Approved no  
  Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes  
  Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 848  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Tain, J.L.; Algora, A.; Agramunt, J.; Guadilla, V.; Jordan, M.D.; Montaner-Piza, A.; Rubio, B.; Valencia, E.; Cano-Ott, D.; Gelletly, W.; Martinez, T.; Mendoza, E.; Podolyak, Z.; Regan, P.; Simpson, J.; Smith, A.J.; Strachan, J. doi  openurl
  Title A decay total absorption spectrometer for DESPEC at FAIR Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research A Abbreviated Journal Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A  
  Volume 803 Issue Pages 36-46  
  Keywords (down) Total absorption gamma-ray spectrometer; Scintillation detectors; Beta decay; High-energy beam fragmentation facilities  
  Abstract This paper presents the design of a total absorption gamma-ray spectrometer for the determination of beta-decay intensity distributions of exotic nuclear species at the focal plane of the FAIR-NUSTAR Super Fragment Separator. The spectrometer is a key instrument in the DESPEC experiment and the proposed implementation follows extensive design studies and prototype tests. Two options were contemplated, based on Nal(TI) and LaBr3:Ce inorganic scintillation crystals respectively. Monte Carlo simulations and technical considerations determined the optimal configurations consisting of sixteen 15 x 15 x 25 cm(3) crystals for the Nal(Tl) option and one hundred and twenty-eight 5.5 x 5.5 x 11 cm(3) crystals for the LaBr3:Ce option. Minimization of dead material was crucial for maximizing the spectrometer full-energy peak efficiency. Module prototypes were build to verify constructional details and characterize their performance. The measured energy and timing resolution was found to agree rather well with estimates based on simulations of scintillation light transport and collection. The neutron sensitivity of the spectrometer, important when measuring beta-delayed neutron emitters, was investigated by means of Monte Carlo simulations.  
  Address [Tain, J. L.; Algora, A.; Agramunt, J.; Guadilla, V.; Jordan, M. D.; Montaner-Piza, A.; Rubio, B.; Valencia, E.] Univ Valencia, Inst Fis Corpuscular, CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain, Email: tain@ific.uv.es  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Elsevier Science Bv Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0168-9002 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes WOS:000363464600007 Approved no  
  Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes  
  Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 2431  
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Author ANTARES Collaboration (Adrian-Martinez, S. et al); Aguilar, J.A.; Bigongiari, C.; Dornic, D.; Emanuele, U.; Gomez-Gonzalez, J.P.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Mangano, S.; Real, D.; Ruiz-Rivas, J.; Salesa, F.; Sanchez-Losa, A.; Toscano, S.; Yepes, H.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title The positioning system of the ANTARES Neutrino Telescope Type Journal Article
  Year 2012 Publication Journal of Instrumentation Abbreviated Journal J. Instrum.  
  Volume 7 Issue Pages T08002 - 20pp  
  Keywords (down) Timing detectors; Detector modelling and simulations II (electric fields, charge transport, multiplication and induction, pulse formation, electron emission, etc); Detector alignment and calibration methods (lasers, sources, particle-beams); Detector control systems (detector and experiment monitoring and slow-control systems, architecture, hardware, algorithms, databases)  
  Abstract The ANTARES neutrino telescope, located 40km off the coast of Toulon in the Mediterranean Sea at a mooring depth of about 2475m, consists of twelve detection lines equipped typically with 25 storeys. Every storey carries three optical modules that detect Cherenkov light induced by charged secondary particles (typically muons) coming from neutrino interactions. As these lines are flexible structures fixed to the sea bed and held taut by a buoy, sea currents cause the lines to move and the storeys to rotate. The knowledge of the position of the optical modules with a precision better than 10cm is essential for a good reconstruction of particle tracks. In this paper the ANTARES positioning system is described. It consists of an acoustic positioning system, for distance triangulation, and a compass-tiltmeter system, for the measurement of the orientation and inclination of the storeys. Necessary corrections are discussed and the results of the detector alignment procedure are described.  
  Address [Anton, G.; Eberl, T.; Enzenhoefer, A.; Folger, F.; Fritsch, U.; Graf, K.; Herold, B.; Hoessl, J.; Kalekin, O.; Kappes, A.; Katz, U.; Kopper, C.; Lahmann, R.; Meli, A.; Motz, H.; Neff, M.; Richardt, C.; Richter, R.; Roensch, K.; Schoeck, F.; Seitz, T.; Shanidze, R.; Spies, A.; Wagner, S.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany, Email: juergen.hoessl@physik.uni-erlangen.de  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iop Publishing Ltd Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1748-0221 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes WOS:000308869800043 Approved no  
  Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes  
  Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 1176  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author NEXT Collaboration (Alvarez, V. et al); Carcel, S.; Cervera-Villanueva, A.; Diaz, J.; Ferrario, P.; Gil, A.; Gomez-Cadenas, J.J.; Laing, A.; Liubarsky, I.; Lorca, D.; Martin-Albo, J.; Martinez, A.; Monrabal, F.; Muñoz Vidal, J.; Nebot-Guinot, M.; Rodriguez, J.; Serra, L.; Simon, A.; Sorel, M.; Yahlali, N. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Description and commissioning of NEXT-MM prototype: first results from operation in a Xenon-Trimethylamine gas mixture Type Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication Journal of Instrumentation Abbreviated Journal J. Instrum.  
  Volume 9 Issue Pages P03010 - 22pp  
  Keywords (down) Time projection chambers; Particle tracking detectors (Gaseous detectors); Double-beta decay detectors  
  Abstract A technical description of NEXT-MM and its commissioning and first performance is reported. Having an active volume of similar to 35 cm drift x 28 cm diameter, it constitutes the largest Micromegas-read TPC operated in Xenon ever constructed, made by a sectorial arrangement of the 4 largest single wafers manufactured with the Microbulk technique to date. It is equipped with a suitably pixelized readout and with a sufficiently large sensitive volume (similar to 23 l) so as to contain long (similar to 20 cm) electron tracks. First results obtained at 1 bar for Xenon and Trymethylamine (Xe-(2%) TMA) mixture are presented. The TPC can accurately reconstruct extended background tracks. An encouraging full-width half-maximum of 11.6% was obtained for similar to 29 keV gammas without resorting to any data post-processing.  
  Address [Alvarez, V.; Carcel, S.; Cervera, A.; Diaz, J.; Ferrario, P.; Gil, A.; Gomez-Cadenas, J. J.; Laing, A.; Liubarsky, I.; Lorca, D.; Martin-Albo, J.; Martinez, A.; Monrabal, F.; Munoz Vidal, J.; Nebot-Guinot, M.; Rodriguez, J.; Serra, L.; Simon, A.; Sorel, M.; Yahlali, N.] CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular IFIC, Valencia 46980, Spain, Email: gomez@lal.in2p3.fr;  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iop Publishing Ltd Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1748-0221 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes WOS:000336123200070 Approved no  
  Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes  
  Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 1800  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author NEXT Collaboration (Alvarez, V. et al); Ball, M.; Carcel, S.; Cervera-Villanueva, A.; Diaz, J.; Ferrario, P.; Gil, A.; Gomez-Cadenas, J.J.; Laing, A.; Liubarsky, I.; Lorca, D.; Martin-Albo, J.; Martinez, A.; Monrabal, F.; Muñoz Vidal, J.; Nebot-Guinot, M.; Rodriguez, J.; Serra, L.; Simon, A.; Sorel, M.; Yahlali, N. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Design and characterization of the SiPM tracking system of NEXT-DEMO, a demonstrator prototype of the NEXT-100 experiment Type Journal Article
  Year 2013 Publication Journal of Instrumentation Abbreviated Journal J. Instrum.  
  Volume 8 Issue Pages T05002 - 18pp  
  Keywords (down) Time projection Chambers (TPC); Gaseous imaging and tracking detectors; Photon detectors for UV; visible and IR photons (solid-state); Particle tracking detectors (Solid-state detectors)  
  Abstract NEXT-100 experiment aims at searching the neutrinoless double-beta decay of the Xe-136 isotope using a TPC filled with a 100 kg of high-pressure gaseous xenon, with 90% isotopic enrichment. The experiment will take place at the Laboratorio Subterraneo de Canfranc (LSC), Spain. NEXT-100 uses electroluminescence (EL) technology for energy measurement with a resolution better than 1% FWHM. The gaseous xenon in the TPC additionally allows the tracks of the two beta particles to be recorded, which are expected to have a length of up to 30 cm at 10 bar pressure. The ability to record the topological signature of the beta beta 0 nu events provides a powerful background rejection factor for the beta beta experiment. In this paper, we present a novel 3D imaging concept using SiPMs coated with tetraphenyl butadiene (TPB) for the EL read out and its first implementation in NEXT-DEMO, a large-scale prototype of the NEXT-100 experiment. The design and the first characterization measurements of the NEXT-DEMO SiPM tracking system are presented. The SiPM response uniformity over the tracking plane drawn from its gain map is shown to be better than 4%. An automated active control system for the stabilization of the SiPMs gain was developed, based on the voltage supply compensation of the gain drifts. The gain is shown to be stabilized within 0.2% relative variation around its nominal value, provided by Hamamatsu, in a temperature range of 10 degrees C. The noise level from the electronics and the SiPM dark noise is shown to lay typically below the level of 10 photoelectrons (pe) in the ADC. Hence, a detection threshold at 10 pe is set for the acquisition of the tracking signals. The ADC full dynamic range (4096 channels) is shown to be adequate for signal levels of up to 200 pe/mu s, which enables recording most of the tracking signals.  
  Address [Alvarez, V.; Ball, M.; Carcel, S.; Cervera, A.; Diaz, J.; Ferrario, P.; Gil, A.; Gomez-Cadenas, J. J.; Laing, A.; Liubarsky, I.; Lorca, D.; Martin-Albo, J.; Martinez, A.; Monrabal, F.; Munoz Vidal, J.; Nebot-Guinot, M.; Rodriguez, J.; Serra, L.; Simon, A.; Sorel, M.; Yahlali, N.] CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular IFIC, Valencia 46980, Spain, Email: gomez@mail.cern.ch;  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iop Publishing Ltd Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1748-0221 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes WOS:000320726000037 Approved no  
  Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes  
  Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 1514  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Barrio, J.; Etxebeste, A.; Lacasta, C.; Muñoz, E.; Oliver, J.F.; Solaz, C.; Llosa, G. doi  openurl
  Title Performance of VATA64HDR16 ASIC for medical physics applications based on continuous crystals and SiPMs Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication Journal of Instrumentation Abbreviated Journal J. Instrum.  
  Volume 10 Issue Pages P12001 - 12pp  
  Keywords (down) Solid state detectors; Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons (solid-state) (PIN diodes, APDs, Si-PMTs, G-APDs, CCDs, EBCCDs, EMCCDs etc); Front-end electronics for detector readout; Gamma detectors (scintillators, CZT, HPG, HgI etc)  
  Abstract Detectors based on Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) coupled to continuous crystals are being tested in medical physics applications due to their potential high resolution and sensitivity. To cope with the high granularity required for a very good spatial resolution, SiPM matrices with a large amount of elements are needed. To be able to read the information coming from each individual channel, dedicated ASICs are employed. The VATA64HDR16 ASIC is a 64-channel, charge-sensitive amplifier that converts the collected charge into a proportional current or voltage signal. A complete assessment of the suitability of that ASIC for medical physics applications based on continuous crystals and SiPMs has been carried out. The input charge range is linear from 20 pC up to 55 pC. The energy resolution obtained at 511 keV is 10% FWHM with a LaBr3 crystal and 16% FWHM with a LYSO crystal. A coincidence timing resolution of 24 ns FWHM is obtained with two LYSO crystals.  
  Address [Barrio, J.; Etxebeste, A.; Lacasta, C.; Munoz, E.; Oliver, J. F.; Solaz, C.; Llosa, G.] Univ Valencia, CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, Parque Cient,C Catedrat Jose Beltran 2, E-46980 Paterna, Spain, Email: John.Barrio@ific.uv.es  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iop Publishing Ltd Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1748-0221 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes WOS:000369998500034 Approved no  
  Is ISI yes International Collaboration no  
  Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 2548  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author ATLAS Collaboration (Aad, G. et al); Bernabeu Verdu, J.; Cabrera Urban, S.; Castillo Gimenez, V.; Costa, M.J.; Fassi, F.; Ferrer, A.; Fiorini, L.; Fuster, J.; Garcia, C.; Garcia-Argos, C.; Garcia Navarro, J.E.; Gonzalez de la Hoz, S.; Hernandez Jimenez, Y.; Higon-Rodriguez, E.; Irles Quiles, A.; Kaci, M.; King, M.; Lacasta, C.; Lacuesta, V.R.; March, L.; Marti-Garcia, S.; Miñano, M.; Mitsou, V.A.; Moles-Valls, R.; Oliver Garcia, E.; Pedraza Lopez, S.; Perez Garcia-Estañ, M.T.; Romero Adam, E.; Ros, E.; Salt, J.; Sanchez Martinez, V.; Soldevila, U.; Sanchez, J.; Torro Pastor, E.; Valero, A.; Valladolid Gallego, E.; Valls Ferrer, J.A.; Villaplana Perez, M.; Vos, M. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Operation and performance of the ATLAS semiconductor tracker Type Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication Journal of Instrumentation Abbreviated Journal J. Instrum.  
  Volume 9 Issue Pages P08009 - 73pp  
  Keywords (down) Solid state detectors; Charge transport and multiplication in solid media; Particle tracking detectors (Solid-state detectors); Detector modelling and simulations I (interaction of radiation with matter, interaction of photons with matter, interaction of hadrons with matter, etc)  
  Abstract The semiconductor tracker is a silicon microstrip detector forming part of the inner tracking system of the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. The operation and performance of the semiconductor tracker during the first years of LHC running are described. More than 99% of the detector modules were operational during this period, with an average intrinsic hit efficiency of (99.74 +/- 0.04)%. The evolution of the noise occupancy is discussed, and measurements of the Lorentz angle, delta-ray production and energy loss presented. The alignment of the detector is found to be stable at the few-micron level over long periods of time. Radiation damage measurements, which include the evolution of detector leakage currents, are found to be consistent with predictions and are used in the verification of radiation background simulations.  
  Address [Jackson, P.; Soni, N.; White, M. J.] Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys, Adelaide, SA, Australia  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iop Publishing Ltd Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1748-0221 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes WOS:000341927600037 Approved no  
  Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes  
  Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 1945  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Ullan, M.; Benitez, V.; Quirion, D.; Zabala, M.; Pellegrini, G.; Lozano, M.; Lacasta, C.; Soldevila, U.; Garcia, C.; Fadeyev, V.; Wortman, J.; DeFilippis, J.; Shumko, M.; Grillo, A.A.; Sadrozinski, H.F.W. doi  openurl
  Title Low-resistance strip sensors for beam-loss event protection Type Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research A Abbreviated Journal Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A  
  Volume 765 Issue Pages 252-257  
  Keywords (down) Silicon radiation detectors; Strip sensors; Punch through protection; Beam loss; HL-LHC; ATLAS Upgrade  
  Abstract AC coupled silicon strip sensors can be damaged in case of a beam loss due to the possibility of a large charge accumulation in the bulk, developing very high voltages across the coupling capacitors which can destroy them. Punch-through structures are currently used to avoid this problem helping to evacuate the accumulated charge as large voltages are developing. Nevertheless, previous experiments, performed with laser pulses, have shown that these structures can become ineffective in relatively long strips. The large value of the implant resistance can effectively isolate the “far” end of the strip from the punchthrough structure leading to large voltages. We present here our developments to fabricate lowresistance strip sensors to avoid this problem. The deposition of a conducting material in contact with the implants drastically reduces the strip resistance, assuring the effectiveness of the punch-through structures. First devices have been fabricated with this new technology. Initial results with laser tests show the expected reduction in peak voltages on the low resistivity implants. Other aspects of the sensor performance, including the signal formation, are not affected by the new technology.  
  Address [Ullan, M.; Benitez, V.; Quirion, D.; Zabala, M.; Pellegrini, G.; Lozano, M.] CSIC, Ctr Nacl Microelect IMB CNM, Barcelona 08193, Spain, Email: Miguel.Ullan@imb-cnm.csic.es  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Elsevier Science Bv Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0168-9002 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes WOS:000344621000048 Approved no  
  Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes  
  Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 2003  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Benitez, V. et al; Bernabeu, J.; Garcia, C.; Lacasta, C.; Marco, R.; Rodriguez, D.; Santoyo, D.; Solaz, C.; Soldevila, U. doi  openurl
  Title Sensors for the End-cap prototype of the Inner Tracker in the ATLAS Detector Upgrade Type Journal Article
  Year 2016 Publication Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research A Abbreviated Journal Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A  
  Volume 833 Issue Pages 226-232  
  Keywords (down) Silicon radiation detectors; Strip sensors; HL-LHC; ATLAS Upgrade; Inner Tracker (ITk); End-cap  
  Abstract The new silicon microstrip sensors of the End-cap part of the HL-LHC ATLAS Inner Tracker (ITk) present a number of challenges due to their complex design features such as the multiple different sensor shapes, the varying strip pitch, or the built-In stereo angle. In order to investigate these specific problems, the “petalet” prototype was defined as a small End-cap prototype. The sensors for the petalet prototype include several new layout and technological solutions to investigate the issues, they have been tested in detail by the collaboration. The sensor description and detailed test results are presented in this paper. New software tools have been developed for the automatic layout generation of the complex designs. The sensors have been fabricated, characterized and delivered to the institutes in the collaboration for their assembly on petalet prototypes. This paper describes the lessons learnt from the design and tests of the new solutions implemented on these sensors, which are being used for the full petal sensor development. This has resulted in the ITIc strip, community acquiring the necessary expertise to develop the full End-cap structure, the petal.  
  Address [Benitez, V.; Ullan, M.; Quirion, D.; Pellegrini, G.; Fleta, C.; Lozano, M.] CSIC, CNM, IMB, Campus Univ Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain, Email: miguel.ullan@imb-cnm.csic.es  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Elsevier Science Bv Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0168-9002 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes WOS:000383818200032 Approved no  
  Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes  
  Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 2816  
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