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Senes, E., Argyropoulos, T., Tecker, F., & Wuensch, W. (2018). Beam-loading effect on breakdown rate in high-gradient accelerating cavities: An experiment at the Compact Linear Collider Test Facility at CERN. Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams, 21(10), 102001–8pp.
Abstract: Radio frequency breakdown rate is a crucial performance parameter that ensures that the design luminosity is achieved in the CLIC linear collider. The required low breakdown rate for CLIC, of the order of 10(-7) breakdown pulse(-1) m(-1), has been demonstrated in a number of 12 GHz CLIC prototype structures at gradients in excess of the design 100 MV/m accelerating gradient, however without the presence of the accelerated beam and associated beam loading. The beam loading induced by the approximately 1 A CLIC main beam significantly modifies the field distribution inside the structures, and the effect on breakdown rate is potentially significant so needs to be determined. A dedicated experiment has been carried out in the CLIC Test Facility CTF3 to measure this effect, and the results are presented.
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Fuster-Martinez, N., Bruce, R., Hofer, M., Persson, T., Redaelli, S., & Tomas, R. (2022). Aperture measurements with ac dipoles and movable collimators in the Large Hadron Collider. Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams, 25(10), 101002–13pp.
Abstract: This paper presents a first experimental demonstration of a new nondestructive method for aperture measurements based on ac dipoles. In high intensity particle colliders, such as the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), aperture measurements are crucial for a safe operation while optimizing the optics in order to reduce the size of the colliding beams and hence increase the luminosity. In the LHC, this type of measurements became mandatory during beam commissioning and the current method used is based on the destructive blowup of bunches using a transverse damper. The new method presented in this paper uses the ac-dipole excitation to generate adiabatic forced oscillations of the beam in order to create losses to identify the smallest aperture in the machine without blowing up the beam emittance. A precise and tuneable control of the oscillation amplitude enables the beams to be reused for several aperture measurements, as well as for other subsequent commissioning activities. Measurements performed with the new method are presented and compared with the current LHC transverse damper method for two different beam energies and two different operational optics.
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Perez, A. (2016). Asymptotic properties of the Dirac quantum cellular automaton. Phys. Rev. A, 93(1), 012328–10pp.
Abstract: We show that the Dirac quantum cellular automaton [A. Bisio, G. M. D'Ariano, and A. Tosini, Ann. Phys. (N. Y.) 354, 244 (2015)] shares many properties in common with the discrete-time quantum walk. These similarities can be exploited to study the automaton as a unitary process that takes place at regular time steps on a one-dimensional lattice, in the spirit of general quantum cellular automata. In this way, it becomes an alternative to the quantum walk, with a dispersion relation that can be controlled by a parameter that plays a similar role to the coin angle in the quantum walk. The Dirac Hamiltonian is recovered under a suitable limit. We provide two independent analytical approximations to the long-term probability distribution. It is shown that, starting from localized conditions, the asymptotic value of the entropy of entanglement between internal and motional degrees of freedom overcomes the known limit that is approached by the quantum walk for the same initial conditions and is similar to the ones achieved by highly localized states of the Dirac equation.
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Gomis, P., & Perez, A. (2016). Decoherence effects in the Stern-Gerlach experiment using matrix Wigner functions. Phys. Rev. A, 94(1), 012103–11pp.
Abstract: We analyze the Stern-Gerlach experiment in phase space with the help of the matrix Wigner function, which includes the spin degree of freedom. Such analysis allows for an intuitive visualization of the quantum dynamics of the device. We include the interaction with the environment, as described by the Caldeira-Leggett model. The diagonal terms of the matrix provide us with information about the two components of the state that arise from interaction with the magnetic field gradient. In particular, from the marginals of these components, we obtain an analytical formula for the position and momentum probability distributions in the presence of decoherence that shows a diffusive behavior for large values of the decoherence parameter. These features limit the dynamics of the present model. We also observe the decay of the nondiagonal terms with time and use this fact to quantify the amount of decoherence from the norm of those terms in phase space. From here, we can define a decoherence time scale, which differs from previous results that make use of the same model. We analyze a typical experiment and show that, for that setup, the decoherence time is much smaller than the characteristic time scale for the separation of the two beams, implying that they can be described as an incoherent mixture of atoms traveling in the up and down directions with opposite values of the spin projection. Therefore, entanglement is quickly destroyed in the setup we analyzed.
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Arnault, P., Di Molfetta, G., Brachet, M., & Debbasch, F. (2016). Quantum walks and non-Abelian discrete gauge theory. Phys. Rev. A, 94(1), 012335–6pp.
Abstract: A family of discrete-time quantum walks (DTQWs) on the line with an exact discrete U(N) gauge invariance is introduced. It is shown that the continuous limit of these DTQWs, when it exists, coincides with the dynamics of a Dirac fermion coupled to usual U(N) gauge fields in two-dimensional spacetime. A discrete generalization of the usual U(N) curvature is also constructed. An alternate interpretation of these results in terms of superimposed U(1) Maxwell fields and SU(N) gauge fields is discussed in the Appendix. Numerical simulations are also presented, which explore the convergence of the DTQWs towards their continuous limit and which also compare the DTQWs with classical (i.e., nonquantum) motions in classical SU(2) fields. The results presented in this paper constitute a first step towards quantum simulations of generic Yang-Mills gauge theories through DTQWs.
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