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Author |
KM3NeT Collaboration (Aiello, S. et al); Alves Garre, S.; Calvo, D.; Carretero, V.; Colomer, M.; Corredoira, I; Gozzini, S.R.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Illuminati, G.; Khan Chowdhury, N.R.; Manczak, J.; Muñoz Perez, D.; Palacios Gonzalez, J.; Pieterse, C.; Real, D.; Salesa Greus, F.; Thakore, T.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J. |
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Title |
Deep-sea deployment of the KM3NeT neutrino telescope detection units by self-unrolling |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Journal of Instrumentation |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Instrum. |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue  |
11 |
Pages |
P11027 - 18pp |
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Keywords |
Cherenkov detectors; Manufacturing; Overall mechanics design (support structures and materials, vibration analysis etc); Special cables |
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Abstract |
KM3NeT is a research infrastructure being installed in the deep Mediterranean Sea. It will house a neutrino telescope comprising hundreds of networked moorings – detection units or strings – equipped with optical instrumentation to detect the Cherenkov radiation generated by charged particles from neutrino-induced collisions in its vicinity. In comparison to moorings typically used for oceanography, several key features of the KM3NeT string are different: the instrumentation is contained in transparent and thus unprotected glass spheres; two thin Dyneema (R) ropes are used as strength members; and a thin delicate backbone tube with fibre-optics and copper wires for data and power transmission, respectively, runs along the full length of the mooring. Also, compared to other neutrino telescopes such as ANTARES in the Mediterranean Sea and GVD in Lake Baikal, the KM3NeT strings are more slender to minimise the amount of material used for support of the optical sensors. Moreover, the rate of deploying a large number of strings in a period of a few years is unprecedented. For all these reasons, for the installation of the KM3NeT strings, a custom-made, fast deployment method was designed. Despite the length of several hundreds of metres, the slim design of the string allows it to be compacted into a small, re-usable spherical launching vehicle instead of deploying the mooring weight down from a surface vessel. After being lowered to the seafloor, the string unfurls to its full length with the buoyant launching vehicle rolling along the two ropes. The design of the vehicle, the loading with a string, and its underwater self-unrolling are detailed in this paper. |
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Address |
[Aiello, S.; Leonora, E.; Longhitano, F.; Randazzo, N.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, I-95123 Catania, Italy, Email: eberbee@km3net.de; |
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Publisher |
Iop Publishing Ltd |
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English |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1748-0221 |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:000595650800015 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
4632 |
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Author |
Real, D.; Calvo, D.; Zornoza, J.D.; Manzaneda, M. |
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Title |
White Rabbit Expansion Board: Design, Architecture, and Signal Integrity Simulations |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Electronics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Electronics |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
16 |
Pages |
3394 - 16pp |
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Keywords |
subnanosecond synchronization; White Rabbit; IEEE Std 1588-2019; virtual prototyping |
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Abstract |
The White Rabbit protocol allows synchronization and communication via an optical link in an integrated, modular, and scalable manner. It provides a solution to those applications that have very demanding requirements in terms of synchronization. Field-programmable gate arrays are used to implement the protocol; additionally, special hardware is needed to provide the necessary clock signals used by the dual-mixer time difference for precise phase measurement. In the present work, an expansion board that allows for White Rabbit functionality is presented. The expansion board contains the oscillators required by the White Rabbit protocol, one running at 125 MHz and another at 124.922 MHZ. The architecture of this board includes two oscillator systems for tests and comparison. One is based on VCOs and another on crystal oscillators running at the desired frequencies. In addition, it incorporates a temperature sensor, from where the medium access control address is extracted, an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory, a pulse-per-second output, and a USB UART to access the White Rabbit IP core at the field-programmable gate array. Finally, to ensure the quality of the layout design and guarantee the level of synchronization desired, the results of the power and signal integrity simulations are also presented. |
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Address |
[Real, Diego; Calvo, David; de Dios Zornoza, Juan; Manzaneda, Mario] Univ Valencia, IFIC Inst Fis Corpuscular, CSIC, C Catedrat Jose Beltran 2, Paterna 46980, Spain, Email: real@ific.uv.es; |
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Mdpi |
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English |
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Notes |
WOS:001056236300001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
no |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
5628 |
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Author |
Real, D.; Sanchez Losa, A.; Diaz, A.; Salesa Greus, F.; Calvo, D. |
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Title |
The Neutrino Mediterranean Observatory Laser Beacon: Design and Qualification |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Applied Sciences-Basel |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Sci.-Basel |
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Volume |
13 |
Issue |
17 |
Pages |
9935 - 16pp |
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Keywords |
neutrino telescope; time calibration; laser beacon |
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Abstract |
This paper encapsulates details of the NEMO laser beacon's design, offering a profound contribution to the field of the time calibration of underwater neutrino telescopes. The mechanical design of the laser beacon, which operates at a depth of 3500 m, is presented, together with the design of the antibiofouling system employed to endure the operational pressure and optimize the operational range, enhancing its functionality and enabling time calibration among multiple towers. A noteworthy innovation central to this development lies in the battery system. This configuration enhances the device's portability, a crucial aspect in underwater operations. The comprehensive design of the laser beacon, encompassing the container housing, the requisite battery system for operation, electronics, and an effective antibiofouling system, is described in this paper. Additionally, this paper presents the findings of the laser beacon's qualification process. |
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Address |
[Real, Diego; Losa, Agustin Sanchez; Greus, Francisco Salesa; Calvo, David] CSIC Univ Valencia, IFIC Inst Fis Corpuscular, C Catedrat Jose Beltran 2, Paterna 46980, Spain, Email: real@ific.uv.es; |
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Mdpi |
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English |
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Notes |
WOS:001063704500001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
no |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
5668 |
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Author |
Real, D.; Calvo, D.; Diaz, A.; Salesa Greus, F.; Sanchez Losa, A. |
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Title |
A Narrow Optical Pulse Emitter Based on LED: NOPELED |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Sensors |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sensors |
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Volume |
22 |
Issue |
19 |
Pages |
7683 - 15pp |
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Keywords |
short optical pulse; optical instrumentation |
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Abstract |
Light sources emitting short pulses are needed in many particle physics experiments using optical sensors as they can replicate the light produced by the particles being detected and are also an important calibration and test element. This work presents NOPELED, a light source based on LEDs emitting short optical pulses with typical rise times of less than 3 ns and Full Width at Half Maximum lower than 7 ns. The emission wavelength depends on the model of LED used. Several LED models have been characterized in the range from 405 to 532 nm, although NOPELED can work with LED emitting wavelengths outside of that region. While the wavelength is fixed for a given LED model, the intensity and the frequency of the optical pulse can be controlled. NOPELED, which also has low cost and simple operation, can be operated remotely, making it appropriate for either different physics experiments needing in-place light sources such as astrophysical neutrino detectors using photo-multipliers or positron emission tomography devices using scintillation counters, or, beyond physics, applications needing short pulses of light such as protein fluorescence or chemodetection of heavy metals. |
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Address |
[Real, Diego; Calvo, David; Salesa Greus, Francisco; Sanchez Losa, Agustin] Univ Valencia, IFIC Inst Fis Corpuscular, CSIC, C Catedrat Jose Beltran 2, Paterna 46980, Spain, Email: real@ific.uv.es; |
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Mdpi |
Place of Publication |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Notes |
WOS:000867935300001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
no |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
5381 |
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Author |
KM3NeT Collaboration (Adrian-Martinez, S. et al); Barrios-Marti, J.; Calvo Diaz-Aldagalan, D.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Real, D.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J. |
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Title |
The prototype detection unit of the KM3NeT detector |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
European Physical Journal C |
Abbreviated Journal |
Eur. Phys. J. C |
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Volume |
76 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
54 - 12pp |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
A prototype detection unit of the KM3NeT deep-sea neutrino telescope has been installed at 3500m depth 80 km offshore the Italian coast. KM3NeT in its final configuration will contain several hundreds of detection units. Each detection unit is a mechanical structure anchored to the sea floor, held vertical by a submerged buoy and supporting optical modules for the detection of Cherenkov light emitted by charged secondary particles emerging from neutrino interactions. This prototype string implements three optical modules with 31 photomultiplier tubes each. These optical modules were developed by the KM3NeT Collaboration to enhance the detection capability of neutrino interactions. The prototype detection unit was operated since its deployment in May 2014 until its decommissioning in July 2015. Reconstruction of the particle trajectories from the data requires a nanosecond accuracy in the time calibration. A procedure for relative time calibration of the photomultiplier tubes contained in each optical module is described. This procedure is based on the measured coincidences produced in the sea by the K background light and can easily be expanded to a detector with several thousands of optical modules. The time offsets between the different optical modules are obtained using LED nanobeacons mounted inside them. A set of data corresponding to 600 h of livetime was analysed. The results show good agreement with Monte Carlo simulations of the expected optical background and the signal from atmospheric muons. An almost background-free sample of muons was selected by filtering the time correlated signals on all the three optical modules. The zenith angle of the selected muons was reconstructed with a precision of about 3 degrees. |
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Address |
[Adrian-Martinez, S.; Ardid, M.; Llorens Alvarez, C. D.; Martinez-Mora, J. A.; Saldana, M.] Univ Politecn Valencia, Inst Invest Gest Integrada Zonas Costeras, Gandia, Spain, Email: creusot@apc.in2p3.fr; |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Springer |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1434-6044 |
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Notes |
WOS:000369007300001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
2540 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
