BABAR Collaboration(Lees, J. P. et al), Martinez-Vidal, F., & Oyanguren, A. (2021). Study of the reactions e(+)e(-) -> 2(pi(+)pi(-))pi(0)pi(0)pi(0) and 2(pi(+)pi(-))pi(0)pi(0)eta at center-of-mass energies from threshold to 4.5 GeV using initial-state radiation. Phys. Rev. D, 103(9), 092001–21pp.
Abstract: We study the processes e(+)e(-) -> 2(pi(+)pi(-))pi(0)pi(0)pi(0)gamma and 2(pi(+)pi(-))pi(0)pi(0)eta gamma in which an energetic photon is radiated from the initial state. The data were collected with the BABAR detector at SLAC. About 14 000 and 4700 events, respectively, are selected from a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 469 fb(-1). The invariant mass of the hadronic final state defines the effective e(+)e(-) center-of-mass energy. The center-of-mass energies range from threshold to 4.5 GeV. From the mass spectra, the first ever measurements of the e(+)e(-) -> 2(pi(+)pi(-))pi(0)pi(0)pi(0) and the e(+)e(-) -> 2(pi(+)pi(-))pi(0)pi(0)eta cross sections are performed. The contributions from omega pi(+)pi(-)pi(0)pi(0), eta 2(pi(+)pi(-)), and other intermediate states are presented. We observe the J/psi and psi(2S) in most of these final states and measure the corresponding branching fractions, many of them for the first time.
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Gao, F., Papavassiliou, J., & Pawlowski, J. M. (2021). Fully coupled functional equations for the quark sector of QCD. Phys. Rev. D, 103(9), 094013–25pp.
Abstract: We present a comprehensive study of the quark sector of 2 + 1 flavor QCD, based on a self-consistent treatment of the coupled system of Schwinger-Dyson equations for the quark propagator and the full quark-gluon vertex in the one-loop dressed approximation. The individual form factors of the quark-gluon vertex are expressed in a special tensor basis obtained from a set of gauge-invariant operators. The sole external ingredient used as input to our equations is the Landau gauge gluon propagator with 2 + 1 dynamical quark flavors, obtained from studies with Schwinger-Dyson equations, the functional renormalization group approach, and large volume lattice simulations. The appropriate renormalization procedure required in order to self-consistently accommodate external inputs stemming from other functional approaches or the lattice is discussed in detail, and the value of the gauge coupling is accurately determined at two vastly separated renormalization group scales. Our analysis establishes a clear hierarchy among the vertex form factors. We identify only three dominant ones, in agreement with previous results. The components of the quark propagator obtained from our approach are in excellent agreement with the results from Schwinger-Dyson equations, the functional renormalization group, and lattice QCD simulation, a simple benchmark observable being the chiral condensate in the chiral limit, which is computed as (245 MeV)(3). The present approach has a wide range of applications, including the self-consistent computation of bound-state properties and finite temperature and density physics, which are briefly discussed.
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Molina, R., Doring, M., Liang, W. H., & Oset, E. (2021). The pi f(0)(500) decay of the a(1)(1260). Eur. Phys. J. C, 81(9), 782–9pp.
Abstract: We evaluate the a(1)(1260) -> pi sigma(f(0)(500)) decay width from the perspective that the a(1)(1260) resonance is dynamically generated from the pseudoscalar-vector interaction and the sigma arises from the pseudoscalar-pseudoscalar interaction. A triangle mechanism with a(1)(1260) -> p pi followed by rho -> pi pi and a fusion of two pions within the loop to produce the sigma provides the mechanism for this decay under these assumptions for the nature of the two resonances. We obtain widths of the order of 13-22 MeV. Present experimental results differ substantially from each other, suggesting that extra efforts should be devoted to the precise extraction of this important partial decay width, which should provide valuable information on the nature of the axial vector and scalar meson resonances and help clarify the role of the ps channel in recent lattice QCD calculations of the a(1).
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Cosme, C., Dutra, M., Godfrey, S., & Gray, T. (2021). Testing freeze-in with axial and vector Z ' bosons. J. High Energy Phys., 09(9), 056–27pp.
Abstract: The freeze-in production of Feebly Interacting Massive Particle (FIMP) dark matter in the early universe is an appealing alternative to the well-known – and constrained – Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) paradigm. Although challenging, the phenomenology of FIMP dark matter has been receiving growing attention and is possible in a few scenarios. In this work, we contribute to this endeavor by considering a Z ' portal to fermionic dark matter, with the Z ' having both vector and axial couplings and a mass ranging from MeV up to PeV. We evaluate the bounds on both freeze-in and freeze-out from direct detection, atomic parity violation, leptonic anomalous magnetic moments, neutrino-electron scattering, collider, and beam dump experiments. We show that FIMPs can already be tested by most of these experiments in a complementary way, whereas WIMPs are especially viable in the Z ' low mass regime, in addition to the Z ' resonance region. We also discuss the role of the axial couplings of Z ' in our results. We therefore hope to motivate specific realizations of this model in the context of FIMPs, as well as searches for these elusive dark matter candidates.
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Esposito, R. et al, & Domingo-Pardo, C. (2021). Design of the third-generation lead-based neutron spallation target for the neutron time-of-flight facility at CERN. Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams, 24(9), 093001–17pp.
Abstract: The neutron time-of-flight (n_TOF) facility at the European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN) is a pulsed white-spectrum neutron spallation source producing neutrons for two experimental areas: the Experimental Area 1 (EAR1), located 185 m horizontally from the target, and the Experimental Area 2 (EAR2), located 20 m above the target. The target, based on pure lead, is impacted by a high-intensity 20-GeV/c pulsed proton beam. The facility was conceived to study neutron-nucleus interactions for neutron kinetic energies between a few meV to several GeV, with applications of interest for nuclear astrophysics, nuclear technology, and medical research. After the second-generation target reached the end of its lifetime, the facility underwent a major upgrade during CERN's Long Shutdown 2 (LS2, 2019-2021), which included the installation of the new third-generation neutron target. The first- and second-generation targets were based on water-cooled massive lead blocks and were designed focusing on EAR1, since EAR2 was built later. The new target is cooled by nitrogen gas to avoid erosion-corrosion and contamination of cooling water with radioactive lead spallation products. Moreover, the new design is optimized also for the vertical flight path and EAR2. This paper presents an overview of the target design focused on both physics and thermomechanical performance, and includes a description of the nitrogen cooling circuit and radiation protection studies.
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