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Author Penas, J.; Alejo, A.; Bembibre, A.; Apiñaniz, J.I.; Garcia-Garcia, E.; Guerrero, C.; Henares, J.L.; Hernandez-Palmero, I.; Mendez, C.; Millan-Callado, M.A.; Puyuelo-Valdes, P.; Seimetz, M.; Benlliure, J. doi  openurl
  Title Production of carbon-11 for PET preclinical imaging using a high-repetition rate laser-driven proton source Type Journal Article
  Year 2024 Publication Scientific Reports Abbreviated Journal Sci Rep  
  Volume 14 Issue 1 Pages 11448 - 12pp  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Most advanced medical imaging techniques, such as positron-emission tomography (PET), require tracers that are produced in conventional particle accelerators. This paper focuses on the evaluation of a potential alternative technology based on laser-driven ion acceleration for the production of radioisotopes for PET imaging. We report for the first time the use of a high-repetition rate, ultra-intense laser system for the production of carbon-11 in multi-shot operation. Proton bunches with energies up to 10-14 MeV were systematically accelerated in long series at pulse rates between 0.1 and 1 Hz using a PW-class laser. These protons were used to activate a boron target via the 11 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$<^>{11}$$\end{document} B(p,n) 11 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$<^>{11}$$\end{document} C nuclear reaction. A peak activity of 234 kBq was obtained in multi-shot operation with laser pulses with an energy of 25 J. Significant carbon-11 production was also achieved for lower pulse energies. The experimental carbon-11 activities measured in this work are comparable to the levels required for preclinical PET, which would be feasible by operating at the repetition rate of current state-of-the-art technology (10 Hz). The scalability of next-generation laser-driven accelerators in terms of this parameter for sustained operation over time could increase these overall levels into the clinical PET range.  
  Address [Penas, Juan; Alejo, Aaron; Bembibre, Adrian; Benlliure, Jose] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Inst Galego Fis Altas Enerxias IGFAE, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Spain, Email: j.benlliure@usc.es  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Nature Portfolio Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) 2045-2322 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes WOS:001228252900017 Approved no  
  Is ISI yes International Collaboration no  
  Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 6143  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author HAWC Collaboration (Albert, A. et al); Salesa Greus, F. url  doi
openurl 
  Title HAWC J2227+610 and Its Association with G106.3+2.7, a New Potential Galactic PeVatron Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication Astrophysical Journal Letters Abbreviated Journal Astrophys. J. Lett.  
  Volume 896 Issue 2 Pages L29 - 9pp  
  Keywords Gamma-ray astronomy; Gamma-ray sources; Gamma-rays; Cosmic ray sources; Supernova remnants; Gamma-ray observatories  
  Abstract We present the detection of very-high-energy gamma-ray emission above 100 TeV from HAWC J2227+610 with the High-Altitude Water Cherenov Gamma-Ray Observatory (HAWC) observatory. Combining our observations with previously published results by the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERTIAS), we interpret the gamma-ray emission from HAWC J2227+610 as emission from protons with a lower limit in their cutoff energy of 800 TeV. The most likely source of the protons is the associated supernova remnant G106.3+2.7, making it a good candidate for a Galactic PeVatron. However, a purely leptonic origin of the observed emission cannot be excluded at this time.  
  Address [Albert, A.; Dingus, B. L.; Harding, J. P.; Malone, K.; Sinnis, G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA, Email: hfleisch@mtu.edu  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iop Publishing Ltd Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) 2041-8205 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes WOS:000542724600001 Approved no  
  Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes  
  Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 4445  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author HAWC Collaboration (Albert, A. et al); Salesa Greus, F. url  doi
openurl 
  Title HAWC and Fermi-LAT Detection of Extended Emission from the Unidentified Source 2HWC J2006+341 Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication Astrophysical Journal Letters Abbreviated Journal Astrophys. J. Lett.  
  Volume 903 Issue 1 Pages L14 - 6pp  
  Keywords Gamma-rays; Interstellar medium  
  Abstract The discovery of the TeV point source 2HWC J2006+341 was reported in the second HAWC gamma-ray catalog. We present a follow-up study of this source here. The TeV emission is best described by an extended source with a soft spectrum. At GeV energies, an extended source is significantly detected in Fermi-LAT data. The matching locations, sizes, and spectra suggest that both gamma-ray detections correspond to the same source. Different scenarios for the origin of the emission are considered and we rule out an association to the pulsar PSR J2004+3429 due to extreme energetics required, if located at a distance of 10.8 kpc.  
  Address [Albert, A.; Dingus, B. L.; Durocher, M.; Harding, J. P.; Malone, K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos, NM USA, Email: miguel.araya@ucr.ac.cr  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iop Publishing Ltd Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) 2041-8205 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes WOS:000584890800001 Approved no  
  Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes  
  Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 4591  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author HAWC Collaboration (Albert, A. et al); Salesa Greus, F. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Evidence of 200 TeV Photons from HAWC J1825-134 Type Journal Article
  Year 2021 Publication Astrophysical Journal Letters Abbreviated Journal Astrophys. J. Lett.  
  Volume 907 Issue 2 Pages L30 - 9pp  
  Keywords Gamma-ray astronomy; Gamma-ray sources; Gamma-rays; Gamma-ray observatories  
  Abstract The Earth is bombarded by ultrarelativistic particles, known as cosmic rays (CRs). CRs with energies up to a few PeV (=10(15) eV), the knee in the particle spectrum, are believed to have a Galactic origin. One or more factories of PeV CRs, or PeVatrons, must thus be active within our Galaxy. The direct detection of PeV protons from their sources is not possible since they are deflected in the Galactic magnetic fields. Hundred TeV gamma-rays from decaying pi(0), produced when PeV CRs collide with the ambient gas, can provide the decisive evidence of proton acceleration up to the knee. Here we report the discovery by the High Altitude Water Cerenkov (HAWC) observatory of the gamma-ray source, HAWC J1825-134, whose energy spectrum extends well beyond 200 TeV without a break or cutoff. The source is found to be coincident with a giant molecular cloud. The ambient gas density is as high as 700 protons cm(-3). While the nature of this extreme accelerator remains unclear, CRs accelerated to energies of several PeV colliding with the ambient gas likely produce the observed radiation.  
  Address [Albert, A.; Dingus, B. L.; Durocher, M.; Harding, J. P.; Kunde, G. J.; Malone, K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos, NM USA, Email: sabrina.casanova@ifj.edu.pl;  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iop Publishing Ltd Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) 2041-8205 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes WOS:000612623100001 Approved no  
  Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes  
  Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 4703  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author HAWC Collaboration (Albert, A. et al); Salesa Greus, F. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Evidence that Ultra-high-energy Gamma Rays Are a Universal Feature near Powerful Pulsars Type Journal Article
  Year 2021 Publication Astrophysical Journal Letters Abbreviated Journal Astrophys. J. Lett.  
  Volume 911 Issue 2 Pages L27 - 8pp  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The highest-energy known gamma-ray sources are all located within 0.degrees 5 of extremely powerful pulsars. This raises the question of whether ultra-high-energy (UHE; >56 TeV) gamma-ray emission is a universal feature expected near pulsars with a high spin-down power. Using four years of data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov Gamma-Ray Observatory, we present a joint-likelihood analysis of 10 extremely powerful pulsars to search for subthreshold UHE gamma-ray emission correlated with these locations. We report a significant detection (>3 sigma), indicating that UHE gamma-ray emission is a generic feature of powerful pulsars. We discuss the emission mechanisms of the gamma rays and the implications of this result. The individual environment, such as the magnetic field and particle density in the surrounding area, appears to play a role in the amount of emission.  
  Address [Albert, A.; Dingus, B. L.; Durocher, M.; Harding, J. P.; Malone, K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA, Email: kmalone@lanl.gov  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iop Publishing Ltd Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) 2041-8205 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes WOS:000642352500001 Approved no  
  Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes  
  Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 4796  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author HAWC Collaboration (Albert, A. et al); Salesa Greus, F. url  doi
openurl 
  Title HAWC Search for High-mass Microquasars Type Journal Article
  Year 2021 Publication Astrophysical Journal Letters Abbreviated Journal Astrophys. J. Lett.  
  Volume 912 Issue 1 Pages L4 - 12pp  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Microquasars with high-mass companion stars are promising very high energy (VHE; 0.1-100 TeV) gamma-ray emitters, but their behaviors above 10 TeV are poorly known. Using the High Altitude Water Cerenkov (HAWC) observatory, we search for excess gamma-ray emission coincident with the positions of known high-mass microquasars (HMMQs). No significant emission is observed for LS 5039, Cyg X-1, Cyg X-3, and SS 433 with 1523 days of HAWC data. We set the most stringent limit above 10 TeV obtained to date on each individual source. Under the assumption that HMMQs produce gamma rays via a common mechanism, we have performed source-stacking searches, considering two different scenarios: (I) gamma-ray luminosity is a fraction epsilon ( gamma ) of the microquasar jet luminosity, and (II) VHE gamma rays are produced by relativistic electrons upscattering the radiation field of the companion star in a magnetic field B. We obtain epsilon ( gamma ) < 5.4 x 10(-6) for scenario I, which tightly constrains models that suggest observable high-energy neutrino emission by HMMQs. In the case of scenario II, the nondetection of VHE gamma rays yields a strong magnetic field, which challenges synchrotron radiation as the dominant mechanism of the microquasar emission between 10 keV and 10 MeV.  
  Address [Albert, A.; Dingus, B. L.; Durocher, M.; Harding, J. P.; Malone, K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA, Email: kefang@physics.wisc.edu;  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iop Publishing Ltd Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) 2041-8205 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes WOS:000646368700001 Approved no  
  Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes  
  Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 4798  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Hirn, J.; Garcia, J.E.; Montesinos-Navarro, A.; Sanchez-Martin, R.; Sanz, V.; Verdu, M. url  doi
openurl 
  Title A deep Generative Artificial Intelligence system to predict species coexistence patterns Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication Methods in Ecology and Evolution Abbreviated Journal Methods Ecol. Evol.  
  Volume 13 Issue Pages 1052-1061  
  Keywords artificial intelligence; direct interactions; generative adversarial networks; indirect interactions; species coexistence; variational AutoEncoders  
  Abstract Predicting coexistence patterns is a current challenge to understand diversity maintenance, especially in rich communities where these patterns' complexity is magnified through indirect interactions that prevent their approximation with classical experimental approaches. We explore cutting-edge Machine Learning techniques called Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) to predict species coexistence patterns in vegetation patches, training generative adversarial networks (GAN) and variational AutoEncoders (VAE) that are then used to unravel some of the mechanisms behind community assemblage. The GAN accurately reproduces real patches' species composition and plant species' affinity to different soil types, and the VAE also reaches a high level of accuracy, above 99%. Using the artificially generated patches, we found that high-order interactions tend to suppress the positive effects of low-order interactions. Finally, by reconstructing successional trajectories, we could identify the pioneer species with larger potential to generate a high diversity of distinct patches in terms of species composition. Understanding the complexity of species coexistence patterns in diverse ecological communities requires new approaches beyond heuristic rules. Generative Artificial Intelligence can be a powerful tool to this end as it allows to overcome the inherent dimensionality of this challenge.  
  Address [Hirn, Johannes; Enrique Garcia, Jose; Sanz, Veronica] Univ Valencia, CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular IFIC, Valencia, Spain, Email: miguel.verdu@ext.uv.es  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Wiley Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) 2041-210x ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes WOS:000765239700001 Approved no  
  Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes  
  Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 5155  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Otten, S.; Caron, S.; de Swart, W.; van Beekveld, M.; Hendriks, L.; van Leeuwen, C.; Podareanu, D.; Ruiz de Austri, R.; Verheyen, R. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Event generation and statistical sampling for physics with deep generative models and a density information buffer Type Journal Article
  Year 2021 Publication Nature Communications Abbreviated Journal Nat. Commun.  
  Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages 2985 - 16pp  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Simulating nature and in particular processes in particle physics require expensive computations and sometimes would take much longer than scientists can afford. Here, we explore ways to a solution for this problem by investigating recent advances in generative modeling and present a study for the generation of events from a physical process with deep generative models. The simulation of physical processes requires not only the production of physical events, but to also ensure that these events occur with the correct frequencies. We investigate the feasibility of learning the event generation and the frequency of occurrence with several generative machine learning models to produce events like Monte Carlo generators. We study three processes: a simple two-body decay, the processes e(+)e(-)-> Z -> l(+)l(-) and pp -> tt<mml:mo><overbar></mml:mover> including the decay of the top quarks and a simulation of the detector response. By buffering density information of encoded Monte Carlo events given the encoder of a Variational Autoencoder we are able to construct a prior for the sampling of new events from the decoder that yields distributions that are in very good agreement with real Monte Carlo events and are generated several orders of magnitude faster. Applications of this work include generic density estimation and sampling, targeted event generation via a principal component analysis of encoded ground truth data, anomaly detection and more efficient importance sampling, e.g., for the phase space integration of matrix elements in quantum field theories. Here, the authors report buffered-density variational autoencoders for the generation of physical events. This method is computationally less expensive over other traditional methods and beyond accelerating the data generation process, it can help to steer the generation and to detect anomalies.  
  Address [Otten, Sydney; Caron, Sascha; de Swart, Wieske; van Beekveld, Melissa; Hendriks, Luc; Verheyen, Rob] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Math Astro & Particle Phys IMAPP, Nijmegen, Netherlands, Email: Sydney.Otten@ru.nl  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Nature Research Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) 2041-1723 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes WOS:000658761600003 Approved no  
  Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes  
  Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 4862  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Polettini, M. et al; Algora, A. doi  openurl
  Title DESPEC Phase-0 campaign at GSI Type Journal Article
  Year 2021 Publication Nuovo Cimento C Abbreviated Journal Nuovo Cim. C  
  Volume 44 Issue 2-3 Pages 67 - 4pp  
  Keywords  
  Abstract This paper reports preliminary results of the DESPEC campaign at GSI, focused on the study of neutron-deficient nuclei approaching Sn-100. The results presented show the isomeric decays of excited states with I-pi = 14(+) and 8(+) in Pd-96 and Pd-94, respectively. The detailed characterisation of the DESPEC set-up and analysis methodologies, proven in this experimental run, are crucial for the future campaigns.  
  Address [Polettini, M.; Bracco, A.] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, Milan, Italy  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Soc Italiana Fisica Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) 2037-4909 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes WOS:000750850700064 Approved no  
  Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes  
  Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 5111  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Capra, S. et al; Gadea, A. doi  openurl
  Title GALTRACE: A highly segmented silicon detector array for charged particle spectroscopy and discrimination Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication Nuovo Cimento C Abbreviated Journal Nuovo Cim. C  
  Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages 98 - 4pp  
  Keywords  
  Abstract GALTRACE is an array of segmented silicon detectors specifically built to work as an ancillary of the GALILEO gamma-ray spectrometer at Legnaro National Laboratory of INFN. GALTRACE consists of four telescopic Delta E-Edetectors which allow discriminating light charged particles also via pulse-shape analysis techniques. The good angular and energy resolutions, together with particle discrimination capabilities, make GALTRACE suitable for experiments where coincidences with specific emitted particles allow for the selection of reaction channels with very low cross section. The first in-beam experiment is reported here, aiming at identifying a narrow resonance, near-proton-threshold state in B-11, currently under discussion.  
  Address [Capra, S.; Ziliani, S.; LEONI, S.; PULLIA, A.; BOTTONI, S.; CAMERA, F.; CRESPI, F. C. L.; GAMBA, E.; MILLION, B.; POLETTINI, M.] Univ Milan, Milan, Italy  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Soc Italiana Fisica Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) 2037-4909 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes WOS:000819587500001 Approved no  
  Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes  
  Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 5282  
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