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Author |
Bernabeu, J.; Navarro-Salas, J. |
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Title |
A Non-Local Action for Electrodynamics: Duality Symmetry and the Aharonov-Bohm Effect, Revisited |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Symmetry-Basel |
Abbreviated Journal |
Symmetry-Basel |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
1191 - 13pp |
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Keywords |
non-local action; electrodynamics; electromagnetic duality symmetry; Aharonov-Bohm effect |
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Abstract |
A non-local action functional for electrodynamics depending on the electric and magnetic fields, instead of potentials, has been proposed in the literature. In this work we elaborate and improve this proposal. We also use this formalism to confront the electric-magnetic duality symmetry of the electromagnetic field and the Aharonov-Bohm effect, two subtle aspects of electrodynamics that we examine in a novel way. We show how the former can be derived from the simple harmonic oscillator character of vacuum electrodynamics, while also demonstrating how the magnetic version of the latter naturally arises in an explicitly non-local manner. |
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Address |
[Bernabeu, Joan] Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Phys Dept, Theresienstr 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany, Email: Joan.Bernabeu@physik.uni-muenchen.de; |
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Mdpi |
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English |
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WOS:000495457600005 |
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no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
4192 |
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Author |
Bernabeu, J. |
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Title |
Symmetries and Their Breaking in the Fundamental Laws of Physics |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Symmetry-Basel |
Abbreviated Journal |
Symmetry-Basel |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
1316 - 27pp |
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Keywords |
flavour families; colour charges; gauge symmetries; chirality; discrete symmetries; neutrinos; spontaneous breaking |
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Abstract |
Symmetries in the Physical Laws of Nature lead to observable effects. Beyond the regularities and conserved magnitudes, the last few decades in particle physics have seen the identification of symmetries, and their well-defined breaking, as the guiding principle for the elementary constituents of matter and their interactions. Flavour SU(3) symmetry of hadrons led to the Quark Model and the antisymmetric requirement under exchange of identical fermions led to the colour degree of freedom. Colour became the generating charge for flavour-independent strong interactions of quarks and gluons in the exact colour SU(3) local gauge symmetry. Parity Violation in weak interactions led us to consider the chiral fields of fermions as the objects with definite transformation properties under the weak isospin SU(2) gauge group of the Unifying Electro-Weak SU(2) x U(1) symmetry, which predicted novel weak neutral current interactions. CP-Violation led to three families of quarks opening the field of Flavour Physics. Time-reversal violation has recently been observed with entangled neutral mesons, compatible with CPT-invariance. The cancellation of gauge anomalies, which would invalidate the gauge symmetry of the quantum field theory, led to Quark-Lepton Symmetry. Neutrinos were postulated in order to save the conservation laws of energy and angular momentum in nuclear beta decay. After the ups and downs of their mass, neutrino oscillations were discovered in 1998, opening a new era about their origin of mass, mixing, discrete symmetries and the possibility of global lepton-number violation through Majorana mass terms and Leptogenesis as the source of the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe. The experimental discovery of quarks and leptons and the mediators of their interactions, with physical observables in spectacular agreement with this Standard Theory, is the triumph of Symmetries. The gauge symmetry is exact only when the particles are massless. One needs a subtle breaking of the symmetry, providing the origin of mass without affecting the excellent description of the interactions. This is the Brout-Englert-Higgs Mechanism, which produces the Higgs Boson as a remnant, discovered at CERN in 2012. Open present problems are addressed with by searching the New Physics Beyond-the-Standard-Model. |
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Address |
[Bernabeu, Jose] Univ Valencia, Dept Theoret Phys, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain, Email: Jose.Bernabeu@uv.es |
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Mdpi |
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WOS:000564717500001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
no |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
4523 |
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Author |
Vagnozzi, S.; Di Valentino, E.; Gariazzo, S.; Melchiorri, A.; Mena, O.; Silk, J. |
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Title |
The galaxy power spectrum take on spatial curvature and cosmic concordance |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Physics of the Dark Universe |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Dark Universe |
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Volume |
33 |
Issue |
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Pages |
100851 - 17pp |
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Keywords |
Cosmological parameters; Spatial curvature; Cosmological tensions |
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Abstract |
The concordance of the ACDM cosmological model in light of current observations has been the subject of an intense debate in recent months. The 2018 Planck Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature anisotropy power spectrum measurements appear at face value to favour a spatially closed Universe with curvature parameter Omega(K) < 0. This preference disappears if Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) measurements are combined with Planck data to break the geometrical degeneracy, although the reliability of this combination has been questioned due to the strong tension present between the two datasets when assuming a curved Universe. Here, we approach this issue from yet another point of view, using measurements of the full-shape (FS) galaxy power spectrum, P(k), from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey DR12 CMASS sample. By combining Planck data with FS measurements, we break the geometrical degeneracy and find Omega(K) = 0.0023 +/- 0.0028. This constrains the Universe to be spatially flat to sub-percent precision, in excellent agreement with results obtained using BAO measurements. However, as with BAO, the overall increase in the best-fit chi(2) suggests a similar level of tension between Planck and P(k) under the assumption of a curved Universe. While the debate on spatial curvature and the concordance between cosmological datasets remains open, our results provide new perspectives on the issue, highlighting the crucial role of FS measurements in the era of precision cosmology. |
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Address |
[Vagnozzi, Sunny] Univ Cambridge, Kavli Inst Cosmol, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England, Email: sunny.vagnozzi@ast.cam.ac.uk; |
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Elsevier |
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English |
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WOS:000704383100022 |
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no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
4984 |
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Author |
Moretti, F.; Bombacigno, F.; Montani, G. |
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Title |
The Role of Longitudinal Polarizations in Horndeski and Macroscopic Gravity: Introducing Gravitational Plasmas |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Universe |
Abbreviated Journal |
Universe |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
496 - 28pp |
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Keywords |
gravitational waves; gauge-invariant method; Landau damping; macroscopic gravity |
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Abstract |
We discuss some general and relevant features of longitudinal gravitational modes in Horndeski gravity and their interaction with matter media. Adopting a gauge-invariant formulation, we clarify how massive scalar and vector fields can induce additional transverse and longitudinal excitations, resulting in breathing, vector, and longitudinal polarizations. We review, then, the interaction of standard gravitational waves with a molecular medium, outlining the emergence of effective massive gravitons, induced by the net quadrupole moment due to molecule deformation. Finally, we investigate the interaction of the massive mode in Horndeski gravity with a noncollisional medium, showing that Landau damping phenomenon can occur in the gravitational sector as well. That allows us to introduce the concept of “gravitational plasma”, where inertial forces associated with the background field play the role of cold ions in electromagnetic plasma. |
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Address |
[Moretti, Fabio; Montani, Giovanni] Sapienza Univ Rome, Dept Phys, Ple Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy, Email: fabio.moretti@uniroma1.it; |
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Mdpi |
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English |
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WOS:000741918900001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
5076 |
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Author |
Ferreira, M.N.; Papavassiliou, J. |
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Title |
Gauge Sector Dynamics in QCD |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Particles |
Abbreviated Journal |
Particles |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
312-363 |
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Keywords |
continuum Schwinger function methods; emergence of hadron mass; gluon mass generation; lattice QCD; non-perturbative quantum field theory; quantum chromodynamics; Schwinger-Dyson equations; Schwinger mechanism |
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Abstract |
The dynamics of the QCD gauge sector give rise to non-perturbative phenomena that are crucial for the internal consistency of the theory; most notably, they account for the generation of a gluon mass through the action of the Schwinger mechanism, the taming of the Landau pole, the ensuing stabilization of the gauge coupling, and the infrared suppression of the three-gluon vertex. In the present work, we review some key advances in the ongoing investigation of this sector within the framework of the continuum Schwinger function methods, supplemented by results obtained from lattice simulations. |
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Address |
[Ferreira, Mauricio Narciso; Papavassiliou, Joannis] Univ Valencia, Dept Theoret Phys, E-46100 Valencia, Spain, Email: ansonar@uv.es; |
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Mdpi |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Notes |
WOS:000959126400001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
no |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
5504 |
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