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BABAR Collaboration(Lees, J. P. et al), Martinez-Vidal, F., & Oyanguren, A. (2019). Extraction of form Factors from a Four-Dimensional Angular Analysis of (B)over-bar -> D*l(-)(nu)over-bar(l). Phys. Rev. Lett., 123(9), 091801–8pp.
Abstract: An angular analysis of the decay (B) over bar -> D*l(-)(nu) over bar (l), l is an element of {e, mu}, is reported using the full e(+) e(-) collision data set collected by the BABAR experiment at the Upsilon(4S) resonance. One B meson from the Upsilon(4S) -> B (B) over bar decay is fully reconstructed in a hadronic decay mode, which constrains the kinematics and provides a determination of the neutrino momentum vector. The kinematics of the semileptonic decay is described by the dilepton mass squared, q(2), and three angles. The first unbinned fit to the full four-dimensional decay rate in the standard model is performed in the so-called Boyd-Grinstein-Lebed approach, which employs a generic q(2) parametrization of the underlying form factors based on crossing symmetry, analyticity, and QCD dispersion relations for the amplitudes. A fit using the more model-dependent Caprini-Lellouch-Neubert (CLN) approach is performed as well. Our form factor shapes show deviations from previous fits based on the CLN parametrization. The latest form factors also provide an updated prediction for the branching fraction ratio R(D*) B((B) over bar -> D* tau(-)(nu) over bar (tau)) /B((B) over bar -> D*l(-)(nu) over bar (l)) = 0.253 +/- 0.005. Finally, using the well-measured branching fraction for the (B) over bar -> D*l(-)(nu) over bar (l) decay, a value of vertical bar V-cb vertical bar = (38.36 +/- 0.90) x 10(-3) is obtained that is consistent with the current world average for exclusive (B) over bar -> D(*)l(-)(nu) over bar (l) decays and remains in tension with the determination from inclusive semileptonic B decays to final states with charm.
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Beltran-Palau, P., Ferreiro, A., Navarro-Salas, J., & Pla, S. (2019). Breaking of adiabatic invariance in the creation of particles by electromagnetic backgrounds. Phys. Rev. D, 100(8), 085014–12pp.
Abstract: Particles are spontaneously created from the vacuum by time-varying gravitational or electromagnetic backgrounds. It has been proven that the particle number operator in an expanding universe is an adiabatic invariant. In this paper we show that, in some special cases, the expected adiabatic invariance of the particle number fails in presence of electromagnetic backgrounds. In order to do this, we consider as a prototype a Sauter-type electric pulse. Furthermore, we also show a close relation between the breaking of the adiabatic invariance and the emergence of the axial anomaly.
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Barenboim, G., Denton, P. B., & Oldengott, I. M. (2019). Constraints on inflation with an extended neutrino sector. Phys. Rev. D, 99(8), 083515–9pp.
Abstract: Constraints on inflationary models typically assume only the standard models of cosmology and particle physics. By extending the neutrino sector to include a new interaction with a light scalar mediator (m(phi) similar to MeV), it is possible to relax these constraints, in particular via opening up regions of the parameter space of the spectral index n(s). These new interactions can be probed at IceCube via interactions of astrophysical neutrinos with the cosmic neutrino background for nearly all of the relevant parameter space.
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Yang, W. Q., Mena, O., Pan, S., & Di Valentino, E. (2019). Dark sectors with dynamical coupling. Phys. Rev. D, 100(8), 083509–11pp.
Abstract: Coupled dark matter-dark energy scenarios arc modeled via a dimensionless parameter xi, which controls the strength of their interaction. While this coupling is commonly assumed to be constant, there is no underlying physical law or symmetry that forbids a time-dependent xi parameter. The most general and complete interacting scenarios between the two dark sectors should therefore allow for such a possibility, and it is the main purpose of this study to constrain two possible and well-motivated coupled cosmologies by means of the most recent and accurate early- and late-time universe observations. We find that CMB data alone prefer xi(z) > 0 and therefore a smaller amount of dark matter, alleviating some crucial and well-known cosmological data tensions. An objective assessment of the Bayesian evidence for the coupled models explored here shows no particular preference for the presence of a dynamical dark sector coupling.
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Ellis, J., Konoplich, R., Mavromatos, N. E., Nguyen, L., Sakharov, A. S., & Sarkisyan-Grinbaum, E. K. (2019). Robust constraint on Lorentz violation using Fermi-LAT gamma-ray burst data. Phys. Rev. D, 99(8), 083009–22pp.
Abstract: Models of quantum gravity suggest that the vacuum should be regarded as a medium with quantum structure that may have nontrivial effects on photon propagation, including the violation of Lorentz invariance. Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) observations of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are sensitive probes of Lorentz invariance, via studies of energy-dependent timing shifts in their rapidly varying photon emissions. We analyze the Fermi-LAT measurements of high-energy gamma rays from GRBs with known redshifts, allowing for the possibility of energy-dependent variations in emission times at the sources as well as a possible nontrivial refractive index in vacuo for photons. We use statistical estimators based on the irregularity, kurtosis, and skewness of bursts that are relatively bright in the 100 MeV to multi-GeV energy band to constrain possible dispersion effects during propagation. We find that the energy scale characterizing a linear energy dependence of the refractive index should exceed a few x10(17) GeV, and we estimate the sensitivity attainable with additional future sources to be detected by Fermi-LAT.
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BABAR Collaboration(Lees, J. P. et al), Martinez-Vidal, F., & Oyanguren, A. (2019). Observation of the Decay D-0 -> K- pi(+) e(+) e(-). Phys. Rev. Lett., 122(8), 081802–8pp.
Abstract: We report the observation of the rare charm decay D-0 -> K-pi(+)e(+)e(-), based on 468 fb(-1) of e(+)e(-) annihilation data collected at or close to the center-of-mass energy of the (sic)(4S) resonance with the BABAR detector at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. We find the branching fraction in the invariant mass range 0.675 < m(e(+)e(-)) < 0.875 GeV/c(2) of the electron-positron pair to be B(D-0 -> K-pi(+)e(+)e(-)) = (4.0 +/- 0.5 +/- 0.2 +/- 0.1) x 10(-6), where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic, and the third due to the uncertainty in the branching fraction of the decay D-0 -> K-pi(+)pi(+)pi(-) used as a normalization mode. The significance of the observation corresponds to 9.7 standard deviations including systematic uncertainties. This result is consistent with the recently reported D-0 -> K-pi(+)mu(+)mu(-) branching fraction, measured in the same invariant mass range, and with the value expected in the standard model. In a set of regions of m(e(+)e(-)), where long-distance effects are potentially small, we determine a 90% confidence level upper limit on the branching fraction B(D-0 -> K-pi(+)e(+)e(-)) < 3.1 x 10(-6).
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LHCb Collaboration(Aaij, R. et al), Garcia Martin, L. M., Henry, L., Jashal, B. K., Martinez-Vidal, F., Oyanguren, A., et al. (2019). Measurement of CP-Violating and Mixing-Induced Observables in B-s(0) -> phi gamma Decays. Phys. Rev. Lett., 123(8), 081802–10pp.
Abstract: A time-dependent analysis of the B-s(0) -> phi gamma decay rate is performed to determine the CP -violating observables S-phi gamma and C-phi gamma and the mixing-induced observable A(phi gamma)(Delta). The measurement is based on a sample of pp collision data recorded with the LHCb detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb(-1) at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. The measured values are S-phi gamma = 0.43 +/- 0.30 +/- 0.11, C-phi gamma = 0.11 +/- 0.29 +/- 0.11, and A(phi gamma)(Delta) = -0.67(-0.41)(+0.37) +/- 0.17, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. This is the first measurement of the observables S and C in radiative B-s(0) decays. The results are consistent with the standard model predictions.
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Campanario, F., Czyz, H., Gluza, J., Jelinski, T., Rodrigo, G., Tracz, S., et al. (2019). Standard model radiative corrections in the pion form factor measurements do not explain the a(mu) anomaly. Phys. Rev. D, 100(7), 076004–5pp.
Abstract: In this paper, we address the question of whether the almost four standard deviations difference between theory and experiment for the muon anomalous magnetic moment a(mu) can be explained as a higher-order Standard Model perturbation effect in the pion form factor measurements. This question has, until now, remained open, obscuring the source of discrepancies between the measurements. We calculate the last radiative corrections for the extraction of the pion form factor, which were believed to be potentially substantial enough to explain the data within the Standard Model. We find that the corrections are too small to diminish existing discrepancies in the determination of the pion form factor for different kinematical configurations of low-energy BABAR, BES-III and KLOE experiments. Consequently, they cannot noticeably change the previous predictions for a(mu) and decrease the deviations between theory and direct measurements. To solve the above issues, new data and better understanding of low-energy experimental setups are needed, especially as new direct a(mu) measurements at Fermilab and J-PARC will provide new insights and substantially shrink the experimental error.
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Yu, Q. X., Liang, W. H., Bayar, M., & Oset, E. (2019). Line shape and D-(*())(D)over-bar(()*()) probabilities of psi(3770) from the e(+) e(-) -> D(D)over-bar reaction. Phys. Rev. D, 99(7), 076002–17pp.
Abstract: We have performed a calculation of the D (D) over bar, D (D) over bar*, D*(D) over bar, D*(D) over bar* components in the wave function of the psi(3770). For this we make use of the P-3(0) model to find the coupling of psi(3770) to these components, that with an elaborate angular momentum algebra can be obtained with only one parameter. Then we use data for the e(+)e(-) -> D (D) over bar reaction, from where we determine a form factor needed in the theoretical framework, as well as other parameters needed to evaluate the meson-meson self-energy of the psi(3770). Once this is done we determine the Z probability to still have a vector core and the probability to have the different meson components. We find Z about 80%-85%, and the individual meson-meson components are rather small, providing new empirical information to support the largely q (q) over bar component of vector mesons, and the psi(3770) in particular. A discussion is done of the meaning of the terms obtained for the case of the open channels where the concept of probability cannot be strictly used.
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Cordero-Carrion, I., Hirsch, M., & Vicente, A. (2019). Master Majorana neutrino mass parametrization. Phys. Rev. D, 99(7), 075019–6pp.
Abstract: After introducing a master formula for the Majorana neutrino mass matrix, we present a master parametrization for the Yukawa matrices automatically in agreement with neutrino oscillation data. This parametrization can be used for any model that induces Majorana neutrino masses. The application of the master parametrization is also illustrated in an example model, with special focus on its lepton flavor violating phenomenology.
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