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Sorelli, G., Gessner, M., Treps, N., & Walschaers, M. (2024). Gaussian quantum metrology for mode-encoded parameters. New J. Phys., 26(7), 073022–23pp.
Abstract: Quantum optical metrology aims to identify ultimate sensitivity bounds for the estimation of parameters encoded into quantum states of the electromagnetic field. In many practical applications, including imaging, microscopy, and remote sensing, the parameter of interest is not only encoded in the quantum state of the field, but also in its spatio-temporal distribution, i.e. in its mode structure. In this mode-encoded parameter estimation setting, we derive an analytical expression for the quantum Fisher information valid for arbitrary multimode Gaussian fields. To illustrate the power of our approach, we apply our results to the estimation of the transverse displacement of a beam and to the temporal separation between two pulses. For these examples, we show how the estimation sensitivity can be enhanced by adding squeezing into specific modes.
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Fadel, M., Yadin, B., Mao, Y. P., Byrnes, T., & Gessner, M. (2023). Multiparameter quantum metrology and mode entanglement with spatially split nonclassical spin ensembles. New J. Phys., 25(7), 073006–25pp.
Abstract: We identify the multiparameter sensitivity of entangled spin states, such as spin-squeezed and Dicke states that are spatially distributed into several addressable spatial modes. Analytical expressions for the spin-squeezing matrix of families of states that are accessible by current atomic experiments reveal the quantum gain in multiparameter metrology, as well as the optimal strategies to maximize the sensitivity gain for the estimation of any linear combination of parameters. We further study the mode entanglement of these states by deriving a witness for genuine k-partite mode entanglement from the spin-squeezing matrix. Our results highlight the advantage of mode entanglement for distributed sensing, and outline optimal protocols for multiparameter estimation with nonclassical spatially-distributed spin ensembles. We illustrate our findings with the design of a protocol for gradient sensing with a Bose-Einstein condensate in an entangled spin state in two modes.
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Miranda, O. G., Papoulias, D. K., Tortola, M., & Valle, J. W. F. (2020). Probing new neutral gauge bosons with CE nu NS and neutrino-electron scattering. Phys. Rev. D, 101(7), 073005–13pp.
Abstract: The potential for probing extra neutral gauge boson mediators (Z') from low-energy measurements is comprehensively explored. Our study mainly focuses on Z' mediators present in string-inspired E-6 models and left-right symmetry. We estimate the sensitivities of coherent-elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE nu NS) and neutrino-electron scattering experiments. Our results indicate that such low-energy high-intensity measurements can provide a valuable probe, complementary to high-energy collider searches and electroweak precision measurements.
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Wimmer, K. et al, Algora, A., & Rubio, B. (2021). Shape Changes in the Mirror Nuclei Kr-70 and Se-70. Phys. Rev. Lett., 126(7), 072501–6pp.
Abstract: We studied the proton-rich T-z = -1 nucleus Kr-70 through inelastic scattering at intermediate energies in order to extract the reduced transition probability, B(E2; 0+ -> 2+). Comparison with the other members of the A = 70 isospin triplet, Br-70 and Se-70, studied in the same experiment, shows a 3 sigma deviation from the expected linearity of the electromagnetic matrix elements as a function of T-z. At present, no established nuclear structure theory can describe this observed deviation quantitatively. This is the first violation of isospin symmetry at this level observed in the transition matrix elements. A heuristic approach may explain the anomaly by a shape change between the mirror nuclei Kr-70 and Se-70 contrary to the model predictions.
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ATLAS Collaboration(Aad, G. et al), Aparisi Pozo, J. A., Bailey, A. J., Cabrera Urban, S., Cardillo, F., Castillo, F. L., et al. (2021). Medium-Induced Modification of Z-Tagged Charged Particle Yields in Pb plus Pb Collisions at 5.02 TeV with the ATLAS Detector. Phys. Rev. Lett., 126(7), 072301–20pp.
Abstract: The yield of charged particles opposite to a Z boson with large transverse momentum (p(T)) is measured in 260 pb(-1) of pp and 1.7 nb(-1) of Pb + Pb collision data at 5.02 TeV per nucleon pair recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The Z boson tag is used to select hard-scattered partons with specific kinematics, and to observe how their showers are modified as they propagate through the quarkgluon plasma created in Pb + Pb collisions. Compared with pp collisions, charged-particle yields in Pb + Pb collisions show significant modifications as a function of charged-particle p(T) in a way that depends on event centrality and Z boson p(T). The data are compared with a variety of theoretical calculations and provide new information about the medium-induced energy loss of partons in a p(T) regime difficult to measure through other channels.
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ATLAS Collaboration(Aad, G. et al), Amos, K. R., Aparisi Pozo, J. A., Bailey, A. J., Cabrera Urban, S., Cantero, J., et al. (2023). Strong Constraints on Jet Quenching in Centrality-Dependent p plus Pb Collisions at 5.02 TeV from ATLAS. Phys. Rev. Lett., 131(7), 072301–21pp.
Abstract: Jet quenching is the process of color-charged partons losing energy via interactions with quark-gluon plasma droplets created in heavy-ion collisions. The collective expansion of such droplets is well described by viscous hydrodynamics. Similar evidence of collectivity is consistently observed in smaller collision systems, including pp and p+ Pb collisions. In contrast, while jet quenching is observed in Pb + Pb collisions, no evidence has been found in these small systems to date, raising fundamental questions about the nature of the system created in these collisions. The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider has measured the yield of charged hadrons correlated with reconstructed jets in 0.36 nb-1 of p+ Pb and 3.6 pb-1 of pp collisions at 5.02 TeV. The yields of charged hadrons with p(T)(ch) > 0.5 GeV near and opposite in azimuth to jets with p(t)(je) T > 30 or 60 GeV, and the ratios of these yields between p+ Pb and pp collisions, IpPb, are reported. The collision centrality of p+ Pb events is categorized by the energy deposited by forward neutrons from the struck nucleus. The IpPb values are consistent with unity within a few percent for hadrons with p(T )(ch)> 4 GeV at all centralities. These data provide new, strong constraints that preclude almost any parton energy loss in central p+ Pb collisions.
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T2K Collaboration(Abe, K. et al), Antonova, M., Cervera-Villanueva, A., Molina Bueno, L., & Novella, P. (2023). Updated T2K measurements of muon neutrino and antineutrino disappearance using 3.6 x 10^21 protons on target. Phys. Rev. D, 108(7), 072011–10pp.
Abstract: Muon neutrino and antineutrino disappearance probabilities are identical in the standard three-flavor neutrino oscillation framework, but CPT violation and nonstandard interactions can violate this symmetry. In this work we report the measurements of sin2 theta 23 and Delta m232 independently for neutrinos and antineutrinos. The aforementioned symmetry violation would manifest as an inconsistency in the neutrino and antineutrino oscillation parameters. The analysis discussed here uses a total of 1.97 x 1021 and 1.63 x 1021 protons on target taken with a neutrino and antineutrino beam respectively, and benefits from improved flux and cross section models, new near-detector samples and more than double the data reducing the overall uncertainty of the result. No significant deviation is observed, consistent with the standard neutrino oscillation picture.
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LHCb Collaboration(Aaij, R. et al), Henry, L., Jashal, B. K., Martinez-Vidal, F., Oyanguren, A., Remon Alepuz, C., et al. (2021). Search for time-dependent CP violation in D-0 -> K+K- and D-0 -> pi(+)pi(-) decays. Phys. Rev. D, 104(7), 072010–23pp.
Abstract: A search for time-dependent violation of the charge-parity symmetry in D-0 -> K+K- and D-0 -> pi(+)pi(-) decays is performed at the LHCb experiment using proton-proton collision data recorded from 2015 to 2018 at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6 fb(-1). The D-0 meson is required to originate from a D*(2010)(+) -> D-0 pi(+) decay, such that its flavor at production is identified by the charge of the accompanying pion. The slope of the time-dependent asymmetry of the decay rates of D-0 and (D) over bar (0) mesons into the final states under consideration is measured to be Delta YK+K- = (-2.3 +/- 1.5 +/- 0.3) x 10(-40), Delta Y pi(+)pi(-) = (-4.0 +/- 2.8 +/- 0.4) x 10(-4), where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. These results are compatible with the conservation of the charge-parity symmetry at the level of 2 standard deviations and improve the precision by nearly a factor of 2.
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ATLAS Collaboration(Aaboud, M. et al), Alvarez Piqueras, D., Aparisi Pozo, J. A., Bailey, A. J., Barranco Navarro, L., Cabrera Urban, S., et al. (2019). Measurement of the t(t)over-barZ and t(t)over-barW cross sections in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector. Phys. Rev. D, 99(7), 072009–38pp.
Abstract: A measurement of the associated production of a top-quark pair (t (t) over bar) with a vector boson (W, Z) in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV is presented, using 36.1 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Events are selected in channels with two same- or opposite-sign leptons (electrons or muons), three leptons or four leptons, and each channel is further divided into multiple regions to maximize the sensitivity of the measurement. The t (t) over barZ and t (t) over barW production cross sections are simultaneously measured using a combined fit to all regions. The best-fit values of the production cross sections are sigma(t (t) over barZ) = 0.95 +/- 0.08(stat )+/- 0.10(syst) pb and sigma(t (t) over barW) = 0.87 +/- 0.13(stat) +/- 0.14(syst) pb in agreement with the Standard Model predictions. The measurement of the t (t) over barZ cross section is used to set constraints on effective field theory operators which modify the t (t) over barZ vertex.
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DUNE Collaboration(Abud, A. A. et al), Antonova, M., Barenboim, G., Cervera-Villanueva, A., De Romeri, V., Fernandez Menendez, P., et al. (2022). Low exposure long-baseline neutrino oscillation sensitivity of the DUNE experiment. Phys. Rev. D, 105(7), 072006–32pp.
Abstract: The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will produce world-leading neutrino oscillation measurements over the lifetime of the experiment. In this work, we explore DUNE's sensitivity to observe charge-parity violation (CPV) in the neutrino sector, and to resolve the mass ordering, for exposures of up to 100 kiloton-megawatt-calendar years (kt-MW-CY), where calendar years include an assumption of 57% accelerator uptime based on past accelerator performance at Fermilab. The analysis includes detailed uncertainties on the flux prediction, the neutrino interaction model, and detector effects. We demonstrate that DUNE will be able to unambiguously resolve the neutrino mass ordering at a 4 sigma (5 sigma) level with a 66 (100) kt-MW-CY far detector exposure, and has the ability to make strong statements at significantly shorter exposures depending on the true value of other oscillation parameters, with a median sensitivity of 3 sigma for almost all true delta(CP) values after only 24 kt-MW-CY. We also show that DUNE has the potential to make a robust measurement of CPV at a 3 sigma level with a 100 kt-MW-CY exposure for the maximally CP-violating values delta(CP) = +/-pi/2. Additionally, the dependence of DUNE's sensitivity on the exposure taken in neutrino-enhanced and antineutrino-enhanced running is discussed. An equal fraction of exposure taken in each beam mode is found to be close to optimal when considered over the entire space of interest.
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