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Baum, S., Capozzi, F., & Horiuchi, S. (2022). Rocks, water, and noble liquids: Unfolding the flavor contents of supernova neutrinos. Phys. Rev. D, 106(12), 123008–14pp.
Abstract: Measuring core-collapse supernova neutrinos, both from individual supernovae within the Milky Way and from past core collapses throughout the Universe (the diffuse supernova neutrino background, or DSNB), is one of the main goals of current and next generation neutrino experiments. Detecting the heavy -lepton flavor (muon and tau types, collectively nu x) component of the flux is particularly challenging due to small statistics and large backgrounds. While the next galactic neutrino burst will be observed in a plethora of neutrino channels, allowing us to measure a small number of nu x events, only upper limits are anticipated for the diffuse nu x flux even after decades of data taking with conventional detectors. However, paleo detectors could measure the time-integrated flux of neutrinos from galactic core-collapse supernovae via flavor-blind neutral current interactions. In this work, we show how combining a measurement of the average galactic core-collapse supernova flux with paleo detectors and measurements of the DSNB electron -type neutrino fluxes with the next-generation water Cherenkov detector Hyper-Kamiokande and the liquid noble gas detector DUNE will allow to determine the mean supernova nu x flux parameters with precision of order ten percent. Realizing this potential requires both the cosmic supernova rate out to z -1 and the integrated Galactic supernova rate over the last-1 Gyr to be established at the-10% level.
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Fileviez Perez, P., & Murgui, C. (2019). Gamma lines from the hidden sector. Phys. Rev. D, 100(12), 123007–11pp.
Abstract: We discuss the visibility of gamma lines from dark matter annihilation. We point out a class of theories for dark matter which predict the existence of gamma lines with striking features. In these theories, the final state radiation processes are highly suppressed and one could distinguish easily the gamma lines from the continuum spectrum. We discuss the main experimental bounds and show that one could test the predictions for gamma lines in the near future in the context of simple gauge theories for dark matter.
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Caputo, A., Millar, A. J., & Vitagliano, E. (2020). Revisiting longitudinal plasmon-axion conversion in external magnetic fields. Phys. Rev. D, 101(12), 123004–13pp.
Abstract: In the presence of an external magnetic field, the axion and the photon mix. In particular, the dispersion relation of a longitudinal plasmon always crosses the dispersion relation of the axion (for small axion masses), thus leading to a resonant conversion. Using thermal field theory, we concisely derive the axion emission rate, applying it to astrophysical and laboratory scenarios. For the Sun, depending on the magnetic field profile, plasmon-axion conversion can dominate over Primakoff production at low energies (less than or similar to 200 eV). This both provides a new axion source for future helioscopes and, in the event of discovery, would probe the magnetic field structure of the Sun. In the case of white dwarfs (WDs), plasmon-axion conversion provides a pure photon coupling probe of the axion, which may contribute significantly for low-mass WDs. Finally, we rederive and confirm the axion absorption rate of the recently proposed plasma haloscopes.
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n_TOF Collaboration(Amaducci, S. et al), Babiano-Suarez, V., Caballero-Ontanaya, L., Domingo-Pardo, C., Ladarescu, I., Tain, J. L., et al. (2024). Measurement of the 140Ceðn;γþ Cross Section at n_TOF and Its Astrophysical Implications for the Chemical Evolution of the Universe. Phys. Rev. Lett., 132(12), 122701–8pp.
Abstract: 140Ce(n, gamma) is a key reaction for slow neutron -capture (s -process) nucleosynthesis due to being a bottleneck in the reaction flow. For this reason, it was measured with high accuracy (uncertainty approximate to 5%) at the n_TOF facility, with an unprecedented combination of a high purity sample and low neutron -sensitivity detectors. The measured Maxwellian averaged cross section is up to 40% higher than previously accepted values. Stellar model calculations indicate a reduction around 20% of the s -process contribution to the Galactic cerium abundance and smaller sizeable differences for most of the heavier elements. No variations are found in the nucleosynthesis from massive stars.
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ATLAS Collaboration(Aad, G. et al), Aparisi Pozo, J. A., Bailey, A. J., Cabrera Urban, S., Castillo, F. L., Castillo Gimenez, V., et al. (2021). Longitudinal Flow Decorrelations in Xe plus Xe Collisions at root s(NN )=5.44 TeV with the ATLAS Detector. Phys. Rev. Lett., 126(12), 122301–20pp.
Abstract: The first measurement of longitudinal decorrelations of harmonic flow amplitudes v(n) for n = 2-4 in Xe + Xe collisions at root s(NN) = 5.44 TeV is obtained using 3 μb(-1) of data with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The decorrelation signal for v(3) and v(4) is found to be nearly independent of collision centrality and transverse momentum (p(T)) requirements on fmal-state particles, but for v(2) a strong centrality and p(T) dependence is seen. When compared with the results from Pb + Pb collisions at. root s(NN) = 5.02 TcV, the longitudinal decorrelation signal in midcentral Xe + Xe collisions is found to be larger for v(2), but smaller for v(3). Current hydrodynamic models reproduce the ratios of the v(n) measured in Xe + Xe collisions to those in Pb + Pb collisions but fail to describe the magnitudes and trends of the ratios of longitudinal flow decorrelations between Xe + Xe and Pb + Pb. The results on the system-size dependence provide new insights and an important lever arm to separate effects of the longitudinal structure of the initial state from other early and late time effects in heavy-ion collisions.
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ANTARES Collaboration(Albert, A. et al), Colomer, M., Gozzini, R., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Illuminati, G., Khan-Chowdhury, N. R., et al. (2020). Observation of the cosmic ray shadow of the Sun with the ANTARES neutrino telescope. Phys. Rev. D, 102(12), 122007–7pp.
Abstract: The ANTARES detector is an undersea neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea. The search for pointlike neutrino sources is one of the main goals of the ANTARES telescope, requiring a reliable method to evaluate the detector angular resolution and pointing accuracy. This work describes the study of the Sun “shadow” effect with the ANTARES detector. The shadow is the deficit in the atmospheric muon flux in the direction of the Sun caused by the absorption of the primary cosmic rays. This analysis is based on the data collected between 2008 and 2017 by the ANTARES telescope. The observed statistical significance of the Sun shadow detection is 3.7 sigma, with an estimated angular resolution of 0.59 degrees +/- 0.10 degrees for downward-going muons. The pointing accuracy is found to be consistent with the expectations and no evidence of systematic pointing shifts is observed.
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LHCb Collaboration(Aaij, R. et al), Garcia Martin, L. M., Henry, L., Jashal, B. K., Martinez-Vidal, F., Oyanguren, A., et al. (2020). Measurement of f(s)/f(u) Variation with Proton-Proton Collision Energy and B-Meson Kinematics. Phys. Rev. Lett., 124(12), 122002–11pp.
Abstract: The ratio of the B-s(0) and B+ fragmentation fractions f(s) and f(u) is studied with B-s(0) -> J/psi phi and B+ -> J/psi K+ decays using data collected by the LHCb experiment in proton-proton collisions at 7, 8, and 13 TeV center-of-mass energies. The analysis is performed in bins of B-meson momentum, longitudinal momentum, transverse momentum, pseudorapidity, and rapidity. The fragmentation-fraction ratio f(s)/f(u) is observed to depend on the B-meson transverse momentum with a significance of 6.0 sigma. This dependency is driven by the 13 TeV sample (8.7 sigma), while the results for the other collision energies are not significant when considered separately. Furthermore, the results show a 4.8 sigma evidence for an increase of f(s)/f(u) as a function of collision energy.
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Woolley, B., Burt, G., Dexter, A. C., Peacock, R., Millar, W. L., Catalan Lasheras, N., et al. (2020). High-gradient behavior of a dipole-mode rf structure. Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams, 23(12), 122002–11pp.
Abstract: A normal-conducting, X-band traveling wave structure operating in the dipole mode has been systematically high-gradient tested to gain insight into the maximum possible gradients in these types of structure. Measured structure conditioning, breakdown behavior, and achieved surface fields are reported as well as a postmortem analysis of the breakdown position and a scanning electron microscope analysis of the high-field surfaces. The results of these measurements are then compared to high-gradient results from monopole-mode cavities. Scaled to a breakdown rate of 10(-6), the cavities were found to operate at a peak electric field of 154 MV/m and a peak modified Poynting vector S-c of 5.48 MW/mm(2). The study provides important input for the further development of dipole-mode cavities for use in the Compact Linear Collider as a crab cavity and dipole-mode cavities for use in x-ray free-electron lasers as well as for studies of the fundamental processes in vacuum arcs. Of particular relevance are the unique field patterns in dipole cavities compared to monopole cavities, where the electric and magnetic fields peak in orthogonal planes, which allow the separation of the role of electric and magnetic fields in breakdown via postmortem damage observation. The azimuthal variation of breakdown crater density is measured and is fitted to sinusoidal functions. The best fit is a power law fit of exponent 6. This is significant, as it shows how breakdown probability varies over a surface area with a varying electric field after conditioning to a given peak field.
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LHCb Collaboration(Aaij, R. et al), Henry, L., Jashal, B. K., Martinez-Vidal, F., Oyanguren, A., Remon Alepuz, C., et al. (2021). Observation of a New Excited D-s(+) Meson in B-0 -> D- D+ K+ pi(-) Decays. Phys. Rev. Lett., 126(12), 122002–11pp.
Abstract: Using pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4 fb(-1) collected with the LHCb detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, the B-0 -> D- D+ K+ pi(-) decay is studied. A new excited D-s(+) meson is observed decaying into the D+K+pi(-) final state with large statistical significance. The pole mass and width, and the spin parity of the new state are measured with an amplitude analysis to be m(R) = 2591 +/- 6 +/- 7 MeV, Gamma(R) = 89 +/- 16 +/- 12 MeV, and J(P) = 0(-), where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. Fit fractions for all components in the amplitude analysis are also reported. The new resonance, denoted as D-s0(2590)(+), is a strong candidate to be the D-s(2(1)S(0))(+) state, the radial excitation of the pseudoscalar ground-state D-s(+) meson.
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Aparisi, J., Fuster, J., Irles, A., Rodrigo, G., Vos, M., Yamamoto, H., et al. (2022). m(b) at m(H): The Running Bottom Quark Mass and the Higgs Boson. Phys. Rev. Lett., 128(12), 122001–7pp.
Abstract: We present a new measurement of the bottom quark mass in the MS scheme at the renormalization scale of the Higgs boson mass from measurements of Higgs boson decay rates at the LHC: -0.31 GeV. The measurement has a negligible theory uncertainty and excellent prospects to improve at the HL-LHC and a future Higgs factory. Confronting this result and mb(mb) from low-energy measurements and mb(mZ) from Z-pole data, with the prediction of the scale evolution of the renormalization group equations, we find strong evidence for the “running” of the bottom quark mass.
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